最近

Chinese

		(the) most; ‑est	near; close (to); approximately
trad. (最近)		最	近
simp. ^#(最近)		最	近

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zuìjìn

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄐㄧㄣˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zeoi³ gan⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): dui¹ gin^5*
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chui-khiun
Eastern Min (BUC): còi-*gê̤ṳng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chòe-kūn / chòe-kǔn / chòe-kīn

(Teochew, Peng'im): zuê³ geng⁶
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ¹tsoe-jin; ¹tsoe ⁶jin; ⁵tsoe-jin / ⁵tse-jin₆

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zuìjìn
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄐㄧㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zuèijìn
  - Wade–Giles: tsui⁴-chin⁴
  - Yale: dzwèi-jìn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzueyjinn
  - Palladius: цзуйцзинь (czujczinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕin⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zeoi³ gan⁶
  - Yale: jeui gahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzoey³ gan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: zêu³ gen⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɵy̯³³ kɐn²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: dui¹ gin^5*
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tui³³ kin³²⁻³²⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chui-khiun
  - Hakka Romanization System: zui kiun
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zui⁴ kiun⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡su̯i⁵⁵ kʰi̯un⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: còi-*gê̤ṳng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡søy⁵³⁻²¹ køyŋ²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Kinmen, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chòe-kūn
  - Tâi-lô: tsuè-kūn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zoea'kun
  - IPA (Singapore): /t͡sue²¹⁻⁴² kun²²/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sue²¹⁻⁵³ kun²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sue¹¹⁻⁵³ kun³³/
  - IPA (Kinmen): /t͡sue¹²⁻⁵³ kun²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chòe-kǔn
  - Tâi-lô: tsuè-kǔn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kun²²/
  - IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /t͡sue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kun³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chòe-kīn
  - Tâi-lô: tsuè-kīn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zoea'kin
  - IPA (Penang): /t͡sue²¹⁻³³ kin²¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sue²¹⁻⁵³ kin²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sue²¹⁻⁴¹ kin³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zuê³ geng⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsuè kṳ̆ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kɯŋ³⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹tsoe-jin; ¹tsoe ⁶jin; ⁵tsoe-jin
  - MiniDict: tsoe^平 jin; tsoe^平 jin^去; tsoe^去 jin
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tsoe-jjin; ¹tsoe ³jjin; ²tsoe-jjin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sø⁵⁵ d͡ʑin²¹/, /t͡sø⁴⁴ d͡ʑin²³/, /t͡sø³³ d͡ʑin⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tse-jin₆
  - MiniDict: tse^去 jin^去
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡se⁵² d͡ʑin³³/

Note:

¹tsoe ⁶jin — The adjective sense can only take this reading in Shanghainese whilst the adverb sense can take all the readings listed;
⁵tsoe-jin — somewhat rare in Shanghainese.

Adverb

最近

recently; lately; of late
是不是最近很忙？ [MSC, trad. and simp.]
Shìbùshì zuìjìn hěn máng? [Pinyin]
Been busy lately?

我最近買了一塊地。 [MSC, trad.]
我最近买了一块地。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ zuìjìn mǎi le yī kuài dì. [Pinyin]
I bought a piece of land recently.

她最近跑到上海去了。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
Tā zuìjìn pǎo dào Shànghǎi qù le. [Pinyin]
She ran off to Shanghai recently.

Synonyms

edit

一向 (yīxiàng)
只兩幫／只两帮 (cī-lâng-bōng) (Eastern Min)
只幫／只帮 (cī-bōng) (Eastern Min)
呢排 (Cantonese)
新近 (xīnjìn)
日來／日来 (rìlái) (literary)
比來／比来 (bǐlái) (literary)
比年 (bǐnián) (literary)
比歲／比岁 (bǐsuì) (literary)
近來／近来 (jìnlái)
近排 (gan⁶ paai^4-2) (Cantonese)
這擺／这摆 (Hokkien)
這擺仔／这摆仔 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
這斗 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
這番仔／这番仔 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
這程／这程 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
這站／这站 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
這站仔／这站仔 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
這過／这过 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
這過仔／这过仔 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
這陣／这阵 (zhèzhèn) (colloquial)
邇來／迩来 (ěrlái) (literary)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (最近):

→ Japanese: 最(さい)近(きん) (saikin)
→ Korean: 최근(最近) (choegeun)

Adjective

最近

latest; most recent
這是最近一期的《讀者》。 [MSC, trad.]
这是最近一期的《读者》。 [MSC, simp.]
Zhè shì zuìjìn yī qī de “Dúzhě”. [Pinyin]
This is the latest issue of Duzhe.

Synonyms

edit

全新 (quánxīn)
最新 (zuìxīn) (attributive)
嶄新／崭新 (zhǎnxīn)
斬新／斩新 (zhǎnxīn) (literary)
新簇簇 (san¹ cuk¹ cuk¹) (Cantonese, Taiwanese Hokkien)
新觸觸／新触触 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
新點點／新点点 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
簇新 (cùxīn)
銃新／铳新 (Hakka)
非常新 (fēicháng xīn)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zuìjìn

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄐㄧㄣˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zeoi³ kan⁵ / zeoi³ gan⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chui-khiûn
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chòe-kūn / chòe-kīn / chòe-kǔn

(Teochew, Peng'im): zuê³ geng⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zuìjìn
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄐㄧㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zuèijìn
  - Wade–Giles: tsui⁴-chin⁴
  - Yale: dzwèi-jìn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzueyjinn
  - Palladius: цзуйцзинь (czujczinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕin⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zeoi³ kan⁵ / zeoi³ gan⁶
  - Yale: jeui káhn / jeui gahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzoey³ kan⁵ / dzoey³ gan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: zêu³ ken⁵ / zêu³ gen⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɵy̯³³ kʰɐn¹³/, /t͡sɵy̯³³ kɐn²²/

Note:

zeoi3 kan5 - vernacular;
zeoi3 gan6 - literary.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chui-khiûn
  - Hakka Romanization System: zui kiun^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zui⁴ kiun¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡su̯i⁵⁵ kʰi̯un²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chòe-kūn
  - Tâi-lô: tsuè-kūn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zoea'kun
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sue²¹⁻⁵³ kun²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sue¹¹⁻⁵³ kun³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chòe-kīn
  - Tâi-lô: tsuè-kīn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zoea'kin
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sue²¹⁻⁵³ kin²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sue²¹⁻⁴¹ kin³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chòe-kǔn
  - Tâi-lô: tsuè-kǔn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kun²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zuê³ geng⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsuè kṳ̆ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kɯŋ³⁵/

Adjective

最近

nearest; closest
哪個醫院離這兒最近？ [MSC, trad.]
哪个医院离这儿最近？ [MSC, simp.]
Nǎge yīyuàn lí zhèr zuìjìn? [Pinyin]
Which hospital is closest to here?

Synonyms

(Min Nan) 第近

References

“Entry #50044”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
最	近
さい Grade: 4	きん Grade: 2
on'yomi

Etymology

最 (sai-, “most”) +‎ 近 (kin, “close”)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) さいきん [sàíkíń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [sa̠ikʲĩɴ]

Homophone: 細菌

Noun

最(さい)近(きん) • (saikin)

the latest; the most recent

Adverb

最(さい)近(きん) • (saikin)

nowadays
recently
- マンガで分かるLisp (The Manga Guide to Lisp)
  みりん。地(ち)域(いき)猫(ねこ)。最(さい)近(きん)までマクロのことをマグロと思(おも)っていた。
  Mirin. Chīkineko. Saikin made makuro no koto o maguro to omotteita.
  Mirin: A neighbours' cat. Until recently often confused macros with tuna [maguro].

Derived terms

極(ごく)最(さい)近(きん) (gokusaikin, “very recently”) (uncommon)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
最	近

Noun

最近 • (choegeun) (hangeul 최근)

hanja form^? of 최근 (“the latest, the most recent”)

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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