噫

Translingual

Han character

噫 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 口卜廿心 (RYTP), four-corner 6003₆, composition ⿰口意)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 210, character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4381
Dae Jaweon: page 432, character 31
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 694, character 1
Unihan data for U+566B

Chinese

simp. and trad.		噫
alternative forms		譩／𰶊䪰𧮒𢤏 ancient

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (意) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
噫	qrɯːɡs, qɯ
譩	qɯ, qɯʔ, *qɯl
醷	qɯʔ, qɯɡ
意	*qɯɡs
鷾	*qɯɡs
憶	*qɯɡ
億	*qɯɡ
臆	*qɯɡ
繶	*qɯɡ
澺	*qɯɡ
薏	*qɯɡ
檍	*qɯɡ
癔	*qɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrɯːɡs, *qɯ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 意 (OC *qɯɡs).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yī, yì (yi¹, yi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄧ, ㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ji¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yī
  - Zhuyin: ㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yi
  - Wade–Giles: i¹
  - Yale: yī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: i
  - Palladius: и (i)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yì
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yì
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴
  - Yale: yì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
  - Palladius: и (i)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ji¹
  - Yale: yī
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ji¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: 'i

Rime
Character	噫
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於其切
Baxter	'i
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔɨ/
Li Rong	/ʔiə/
Wang Li	/ĭə/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ji¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qɯ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	噫
Reading #	2/2
No.	15149
Phonetic component	意
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	醫
Old Chinese	/*qɯ/

Definitions

噫

(Classical) alas; sigh (expressing regret or grief)
- 顏淵死。子曰：「噫！天喪予！天喪予！」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  颜渊死。子曰：「噫！天丧予！天丧予！」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Yán Yuān sǐ. Zǐ yuē: “Yī! Tiān sàng yú! Tiān sàng yú!” [Pinyin]
  When Yan Yuan died, the Master said, "Alas! Heaven is destroying me! Heaven is destroying me!"
huh; wow; eh (expressing surprise or wonder)

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ài, yì (ai⁴, yi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄞˋ, ㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): aai³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ài
  - Zhuyin: ㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ài
  - Wade–Giles: ai⁴
  - Yale: ài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ay
  - Palladius: ай (aj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yì
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yì
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴
  - Yale: yì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
  - Palladius: и (i)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: aai³
  - Yale: aai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: aai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ai³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /aːi̯³³/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Middle Chinese: 'eajH

Rime
Character	噫
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	皆 (33)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	烏界切
Baxter	'eajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠɛi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚæi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɐi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔəɨj^H/
Li Rong	/ʔɛi^H/
Wang Li	/ɐi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔăi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	aai³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qrɯːɡs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	噫
Reading #	1/2
No.	15148
Phonetic component	意
Rime group	代
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	噫
Old Chinese	/*qrɯːɡs/

Definitions

噫

to belch; to burp
(obsolete) to exhale; to blow

Compounds

噫氣／噫气

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yì (yi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄧˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yì
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yì
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴
  - Yale: yì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
  - Palladius: и (i)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/

Definitions

噫

Alternative form of 抑 (yì, “but; however”)

References

“噫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

噫

(Hyōgai kanji)

exclamation
burp, belch

Readings

Go-on: い (i)、え (e)
Kan-on: あい (ai)、い (i)
Kun: ああ (ā, 噫)、おくび (okubi, 噫)

Compounds

五(ご)噫(い) (goi)

Definitions

Kanji in this term
噫
ああ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 噫 – see the following entry.

【ああ】	[interjection] oh!, ah! [interjection] expresses surprise [interjection] expresses affirmation [interjection] used to call attention [interjection] expresses a grunt or pain [interjection] (colloquial) expresses a calm positive response: yeah Alternative spelling 嗚呼

(This term, 噫, is an alternative spelling (literary) of the above term.)

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 噫 (MC 'i).

Historical readings

Recorded as Middle Korean ᅙᅴᆼ (Yale: quy) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Recorded as Early Modern Korean 희^韻 (Yale: huy) in Samun Seonghwi (三韻聲彙 / 삼운성휘), 1751.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [çi]
Phonetic hangul: [히]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

噫

Wikisource

噫 (eumhun 한숨 쉴 희 (hansum swil hui))

hanja form^? of 희 (“to sigh; to groan”)
(literary) hanja form^? of 희 (“alas (expressing regret or surprise)”)
- 1919, 기미 독립 선언서(己未獨立宣言書) (gimi dongnip seoneonseo) [Proclamation of Korean Independence]:
  噫(희)라 舊來(구래)의 抑鬱(억울)을 宣暢(선창)하려 하면 […]
  huira gurae-ui eogureul seonchangharyeo hamyeon […]
  Alas! If we are to eradicate our longstanding sense of injustice […]
- 1919, 한용운 [Han: 韓龍雲, Han Yong-un], 조선 독립의 서 [Joseon dongnibui seo, Han: 朝鮮獨立의 書, A letter for Korean independence]:
  噫(희)라, (一)億萬(일억만) 人民(인민)의 上(상)에 君臨(군림)하고 […]
  huira ireongman inminui sang-e gullimhago […]
  Alas, [determined] to rule over countless numbers of people […]
- 1919, 한용운 [Han: 韓龍雲, Han Yong-un], 조선 독립의 서 [Joseon dongnibui seo, Han: 朝鮮獨立의 書, A letter for Korean independence]:
  噫(희)라 曠古(광고) 未曾有(미증유)의 歐洲(구주)의 大戰爭(대전쟁)과 奇怪(기괴) 不思議(불사의)의 獨逸(독일)의 革命(혁명)은 […]
  huira gwanggo mijeung-yuui gujuui daejeonjaenggwa gigoe bulsauiui dogirui hyeongmyeong-eun […]
  Alas! the unprecedented European war and the inscrutable German Revolution [was] […]
- 1929, 신채호 [Han: 申采浩, Sin Chaeho], 조선사 연구 초 [Joseonsayeon-gucho, Han: 朝鮮史硏究草, Exploratory Studies in Korean History]:
  噫(희)라, 李勣(이적)과 蘇定方(소정방)이 麗(여)·濟(제)의 文獻(문헌)을 掃蕩(소탕)하였다 하지만
  huira, Ijeokgwa Sojeongbang-i Yeo·Je-ui munheoneul sotanghayeotda hajiman
  Alas, although it is said that Li Ji and Su Dingfang wiped out the literature of Goguryeo and Baekje

Compounds

희라 (噫라, huira, “alas”)
희오 (噫嗚, huio, “sorrowing”)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 噫 (MC 'eajH).

Historical readings

Recorded as Middle Korean ᅙᅢᆼ〮 (Yale: qáy) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Recorded as Middle Korean 애〯 (ǎy)^訓 (Yale: ǎy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɛ] ~ [e̞]
Phonetic hangul: [애/에]

Hanja

噫 (eumhun 트림할 애 (teurimhal ae))

hanja form^? of 애 (“to belch; to burp”)

Compounds

애기 (噫氣, aegi, “burp”)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

噫: Hán Nôm readings: y

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References

Nom Foundation