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See also:
U+5141, 允
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5141

[U+5140]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5142]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 10, +2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 戈竹山 (IHU), four-corner 23210, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 123, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1338
  • Dae Jaweon: page 258, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 265, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5141

Chinese

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simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
       



References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Oracle bone script: Pictogram (象形) – a person with the head emphasized, indicating a nod.

Bronze inscriptions onward (corrupted form): Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *lunʔ) : phonetic (OC *lɯʔ) + semantic (person).

Etymology

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Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs *winʔ or *junʔ:

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /yn²¹⁴/
/ʐuən²¹⁴/
Harbin /yn²¹³/
Tianjin /yŋ¹³/
Jinan /yẽ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /yə̃⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /yn⁵³/
Xi'an /yẽ⁵³/
Xining /yə̃⁵³/
Yinchuan /yŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ỹn⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ʐuŋ⁵¹/
/vɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /yn⁴²/
Chengdu /yn⁵³/
/yoŋ⁵³/
Guiyang /in⁴²/
Kunming /ĩ⁵³/
Nanjing /yn²¹²/
Hefei /yn²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /yəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /yŋ⁵³/
Hohhot /ỹŋ⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /ɦyŋ²³/
/ɦioŋ²³/
Suzhou /yən⁵¹/
Hangzhou /ʔin⁵³/
Wenzhou /j̠oŋ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /yʌ̃³⁵/
Tunxi /yan²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /yn⁴¹/
Xiangtan /yn⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /yn²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /ŋiun⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /ʒuŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /wɐn³⁵/
Nanning /wɐn³⁵/
Hong Kong /wɐn³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /un⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /yŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /œyŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /zuŋ⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zun²¹³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (36)
Final () (47)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter ywinX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/jiuɪnX/
Pan
Wuyun
/jʷinX/
Shao
Rongfen
/juenX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/jwinX/
Li
Rong
/iuĕnX/
Wang
Li
/jĭuĕnX/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/i̯uĕnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yǔn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
wan5
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yǔn
Middle
Chinese
‹ ywinX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[l]u[r]ʔ/
English truly

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 16452
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*lunʔ/
Notes

Definitions

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  1. to allow; to consent; to permit
      ―  yǔn  ―  to allow
  2. fair; just; equitable; even-handed; impartial
      ―  gōngyǔn  ―  fair
  3. proper; suitable; appropriate
  4. honest; genuine
  5. a surname

Synonyms

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  • (to allow):
  • (fair):
  • (proper):
  • (honest):

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. consent
  2. sincerity
  3. permit

Readings

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  • Go-on: いん (in)
  • Kan-on: いん (in)
  • Kun: まこと (makoto, )ゆるす (yurusu, 允す)じょう (, )
  • Nanori: なり (nari) (ya)

Proper noun

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(まこと) (Makoto

  1. a male given name

Korean

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Hanja

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(eum (yun))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: doãn, duẫn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.