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The [[COVID-19 pandemic]] was first reported in the city of [[Wuhan]], [[Hubei]], China, in December 2019. The origins of the virus have subsequently led to an increase in acts and displays of [[
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In the past, many diseases have been named after geographical locations, such as [[Middle East Respiratory Syndrome]] and [[Zika virus]], but in 2015, the [[World Health Organization]] introduced recommendations to avoid this practice, to reduce stigma. In accordance with this policy, the WHO recommended the official name "COVID-19" in February 2020.<ref name="Nature Stop">{{cite journal |title=Stop the coronavirus stigma now |journal=Nature |date=7 April 2020 |volume=580 |issue=7802 |pages=165 |language=en|doi=10.1038/d41586-020-01009-0|pmid=32265571 |bibcode=2020Natur.580..165. |s2cid=214809950 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
In early coverage of the outbreak, some news sources associated the virus with China in a manner that contributed to stigma. The journal ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' later published an apology for this type of coverage.<ref name="Nature Stop"/><ref name="Scientific journal SCMP">{{cite news |title=Scientific journal admits error in linking coronavirus with China |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/3079293/coronavirus-nature-magazine-apologises-reports-linking-covid-19 |access-date=16 April 2020 |work=South China Morning Post |date=9 April 2020 |archive-date=30 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430121228/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/3079293/coronavirus-nature-magazine-apologises-reports-linking-covid-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> However, even after the majority of politicians had switched to avoiding stigmatizing language when referring to the virus, a minority continued.<ref name="Nature Stop"/>
Following the progression of the outbreak to new hotspot countries, people from Italy (the first country in Europe to experience a serious outbreak of COVID-19) were also subjected to suspicion and xenophobia,<ref name="iOyUQ" /><ref name="FFsxo" /> as were people from hotspots in other countries. Discrimination against [[Islam in India|Muslims in India]] escalated after public health authorities identified an Islamic missionary ([[Tablighi Jamaat]]) group's gathering in New Delhi in early March 2020 as a source of spread.<ref name="20200409slate">{{cite web |
==Africa==
===Cameroon===
The US embassy in [[Yaoundé]] issued a travel warning to US citizens amid reports of "...{{
===Egypt===
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A video reportedly recorded in [[Kibera]], Kenya, in March 2020 shows an angry crowd threatening a man and a woman of East Asian descent about the coronavirus. A man in the crowd shouts at the frightened couple, "You are corona!" A motorcycle rider from the crowd later raised his hand threatening to slap the Asian man. Growing unease towards Chinese immigrants has been reported in the streets of [[Nairobi]] and its environment especially towards construction workers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/science-health/coronavirus-outbreak/coronavirus-brings-sinophobia-africa|title=Coronavirus Brings 'Sinophobia' to Africa|date=4 March 2020 |publisher=Voice of America|access-date=12 April 2020|archive-date=3 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203135737/https://www.voanews.com/science-health/coronavirus-outbreak/coronavirus-brings-sinophobia-africa|url-status=live}}</ref>
An alleged Kenyan member of parliament posted in a Facebook message that his constituents had the right to stone and chase away any Chinese visitors who were not quarantined.<ref>{{Cite news|last=[[Geoffrey York]]|date=March 2020|title=Coronavirus triggers xenophobia in some African countries|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-coronavirus-triggers-xenophobia-in-some-african-countries/|url-status=live|access-date=12 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203135801/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-coronavirus-triggers-xenophobia-in-some-african-countries/|archive-date=3 February 2021}}</ref> A Kenyan taxi driver told the [[BBC]] that Chinese nationals had been changing their usernames on taxi hailing apps to avoid their passenger requests being declined.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-51770856|title=Where coronavirus prejudice spreads before the disease|date=9 March 2020|work=BBC News|access-date=12 April 2020|language=en-GB|archive-date=10 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410011216/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-51770856|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Nigeria===
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{{See also|Xenophobia in South Africa}}
An ethnic Chinese man in [[Johannesburg]] told the news broadcaster ''[[Deutsche Welle]]'' that violent comments such as "wipe the Chinese people out" and "hope this virus gets all of them" have been expressed in the country by locals.<ref>{{Citation|title=Coronavirus fuels anti-Chinese discrimination in Africa (1:17 minutes in)|url=https://www.dw.com/en/coronavirus-fuels-anti-chinese-discrimination-in-africa/av-52428454|language=en-GB|access-date=12 April 2020|archive-date=1 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301083724/https://www.dw.com/en/coronavirus-fuels-anti-chinese-discrimination-in-africa/av-52428454|url-status=live}}</ref> Additionally, one of the earliest reactions of the South African government with regard to COVID-19 prevention was to build a forty-kilometer (25{{
==Asia==
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===Mainland China===
{{See also|COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China#
There have been instances of Wuhan natives in other provinces being turned away from hotels, having their ID numbers, home addresses and telephone numbers deliberately leaked online or dealing with harassing phone calls from strangers. Some places also reportedly had signs saying "people from Wuhan and cars from Hubei are not welcome here."<ref name=":42">{{cite web|url=https://www.worldjournal.com/6756917/article-%e6%81%90%e6%85%8c%e6%93%b4%e6%95%a3%ef%bc%81%e6%a9%9f%e4%b8%8a%e6%9c%89%e6%ad%a6%e6%bc%a2%e4%ba%ba%e4%b8%8a%e6%b5%b7%e6%97%85%e5%ae%a2%e6%8b%92%e7%99%bb%e6%a9%9f/|date=29 January 2020|work=[[World Journal]]|language=zh-TW|script-title=zh:恐慌擴散
It was reported that on a scheduled 27 January [[China Southern Airlines]] flight from [[Nagoya]] to Shanghai, some [[Shanghainese people|Shanghainese]] travellers refused to board with 16 others from Wuhan. Two of the Wuhan travellers were unable to board due to a fever while the Shanghainese on the spot alleged that the others had taken medicine to bypass the temperature check.<ref name=":42" /> One of the Wuhan tourists protested on Weibo, "are they really my
In March and April 2020, media outlets reported instances of xenophobia towards foreigners,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.co.uk/health/sheffield-teacher-faces-xenophobia-china-over-coronavirus-2516265|title=Sheffield teacher faces xenophobia in China over coronavirus|website=thestar.co.uk|date=24 March 2020 |language=en|access-date=15 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401041012/https://www.thestar.co.uk/health/sheffield-teacher-faces-xenophobia-china-over-coronavirus-2516265|archive-date=1 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> although according to ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'' on 10 April, Chinese officials denied the existence of any such discrimination within China.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-stay-away-from-here-in-china-foreigners-have-become-a-target-for/|title='Stay away from here': In China, foreigners have become a target for coronavirus discrimination|work=The Globe and Mail|access-date=14 April 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511154859/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-stay-away-from-here-in-china-foreigners-have-become-a-target-for/|archive-date=11 May 2020}}</ref> It has been attributed to fears of a second wave of the coronavirus, although the Chinese vice-foreign minister noted that ninety percent of imported COVID-19 cases were PRC nationals returning from overseas.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/35c8fb72-ab36-4df7-8d38-68aa02b767e4|title=Expats face hostility after second wave of virus cases hits China and Hong Kong|work=Financial Times|access-date=31 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331091516/https://www.ft.com/content/35c8fb72-ab36-4df7-8d38-68aa02b767e4|archive-date=31 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-27/fearing-next-wave-china-doesn-t-want-its-diaspora-coming-back|title=Fearing Next Wave, China Doesn't Want Its Diaspora Coming Back|work=Bloomberg News|access-date=27 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328194216/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-27/fearing-next-wave-china-doesn-t-want-its-diaspora-coming-back|archive-date=28 March 2020}}</ref> According to [[The Daily Telegraph|''The Telegraph'']], foreigners are being barred from hotels, supermarkets, and restaurants, while others have had their visas cancelled and reentry into China barred.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yan |first=Sophia |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/03/27/foreigners-face-discrimination-china-coronavirus-fears-visas/ |title=Foreigners face discrimination in China over coronavirus fears as visas cancelled for non-Chinese |date=27 March 2020 |work=The Telegraph |access-date=14 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428235846/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/03/27/foreigners-face-discrimination-china-coronavirus-fears-visas/ |archive-date=28 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'' reported on 29 March of foreigners being shouted at by local residents, avoided in public places, and sometimes scolded as "foreign trash".<ref>{{Cite news |title='They see my blue eyes then jump back' – China sees a new wave of xenophobia |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/29/china-coronavirus-anti-foreigner-feeling-imported-cases |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511205052/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/29/china-coronavirus-anti-foreigner-feeling-imported-cases |archive-date=11 May 2020 |access-date=29 March 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> [[Shanghaiist]] has referenced stories of foreigner misbehaviour circulating on the Chinese internet as playing a role in the increased xenophobia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://shanghaiist.com/2020/04/02/foreigners-cut-in-line-for-coronavirus-test-act-like-total-assholes/|title=Foreigners cut in line for coronavirus test, act like total assholes|date=1 April 2020|website=Shanghaiist|language=en-US|access-date=16 April 2020|archive-date=7 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307210827/http://shanghaiist.com/2020/04/02/foreigners-cut-in-line-for-coronavirus-test-act-like-total-assholes/|url-status=live}}</ref> A comic posted on [[Weibo (company)|Weibo]] depicts people in [[hazmat suit|hazmat]] suits disinfecting foreigners and throwing them in waste bins.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Walden |first1=Max |last2=Yang |first2=Samuel |date=14 April 2020 |title=Print Email Facebook Twitter More As coronavirus sparks anti-Chinese racism, xenophobia rises in China itself |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-09/coronavirus-intensifies-anti-foreigner-sentiment-in-china/12128224 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430222120/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-09/coronavirus-intensifies-anti-foreigner-sentiment-in-china/12128224 |archive-date=30 April 2020 |access-date=14 April 2020 |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]}}</ref>
In
China initially placed [[land mine]]s in selected regions along its border with [[Myanmar]], which were later replaced by a [[barbed wire]] fence along 1,000 kilometers of the Myanmese border, for the stated goal of reducing cross-border COVID-19 infections. Other government sources suggested that pandemic restrictions were secondary to a desire to block the transmission of foreign ideas across the once-porous border region, citing a desire to specifically restrict the flow of [[Christianity]] and [[Buddhism]] into China.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Long|first1=Qiao|date=13 September 2021|title=China Begins Landmine Removal Operation Along Border With Myanmar|work=[[Radio Free Asia]]|url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/myanmar-mines-09132021123731.html|access-date=15 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913193511/https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/myanmar-mines-09132021123731.html|archive-date=13 September 2021}}</ref>
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More than a hundred restaurants in Hong Kong turned away customers from [[mainland China]], with one restaurant demanding that a customer produce a [[Hong Kong identity card]] to prove they were not from the mainland.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/3065262/coronavirus-more-100-hong-kong-restaurants-refuse|title=Scores of Hong Kong restaurants 'refuse to serve mainlanders' amid coronavirus|date=5 March 2020|website=South China Morning Post|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306042938/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/3065262/coronavirus-more-100-hong-kong-restaurants-refuse|archive-date=6 March 2020|access-date=6 March 2020}}</ref> Tenno Ramen, a Japanese noodle restaurant in [[Hung Hom]], refused to serve mainland Chinese customers. The restaurant said on Facebook, "We want to live longer. We want to safeguard local customers. Please excuse us."<ref name=":02">{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Travel/wireStory/fears-virus-trigger-anti-china-sentiment-worldwide-68702177|title=Fears of new virus trigger anti-China sentiment worldwide|website=ABC News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203061946/https://abcnews.go.com/Travel/wireStory/fears-virus-trigger-anti-china-sentiment-worldwide-68702177|archive-date=3 February 2020|access-date=3 February 2020}}</ref> Another example is Kwong Wing Catering, a pro-[[2019–20 Hong Kong protests]] restaurant chain, which announced on Facebook on 28 January 2020 that it would serve only English- or Cantonese-speaking customers (no Mandarin-speakers customers allowed) since the government did not implement a border closure against mainland China. However, Mandarin is also the common tongue in [[Taiwan]], so the said Facebook post was then updated a day later to clarify that they welcome Taiwanese customers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/30/world/asia/coronavirus-chinese-racism.html|title=As coronavirus spreads, so does anti-Chinese sentiment|work=The New York Times |date=30 January 2020 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213020055/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/30/world/asia/coronavirus-chinese-racism.html|archive-date=13 February 2020|access-date=16 March 2020 |last1=Rich |first1=Motoko }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Chung|first1=Roger Yat-Nork|title=Anti-Chinese sentiment during the 2019-nCoV outbreak|date=12 February 2020|last2=Li|first2=Minnie Ming|journal=The Lancet|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30358-5|volume=395|issue=10225 |pages=686–687|pmid=32122469 |pmc=7133618 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
Many protesters in Hong Kong have reportedly insisted on calling COVID-19 the "Chinese Virus" or "Chinese coronavirus".<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 May 2020|title=In Hong Kong, protesters embrace "Chinese virus" to snub Communist Party censors, not stir racism|url=https://www.newsweek.com/hong-kong-protesters-embrace-chinese-virus-snub-communist-party-censors-not-stir-racism-1501625|access-date=24 November 2020|website=[[Newsweek]], [[Hong Kong Free Press]]|language=en|archive-date=9 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609223806/https://www.newsweek.com/hong-kong-protesters-embrace-chinese-virus-snub-communist-party-censors-not-stir-racism-1501625|url-status=live}}</ref> Expats and South Asian minorities have also faced increased xenophobia, with media narratives blaming them as more likely to spread the virus.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lau |first=Jessie |date=22 January 2022 |title=In Hong Kong, COVID-19 and Racism Make an Ugly Mix |url=https://thediplomat.com/2021/01/in-hong-kong-covid-19-and-racism-make-an-ugly-mix/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506124142/https://thediplomat.com/2021/01/in-hong-kong-covid-19-and-racism-make-an-ugly-mix/ |archive-date=6 May 2022 |website=The Diplomat |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=[[Patrick Blennerhassett]] |date=15 March 2021 |title=Covid-19 shaming and racism in Hong Kong needs to stop as gyms find themselves unfairly in the crosshairs |url=https://www.scmp.com/sport/hong-kong/article/3125389/covid-19-shaming-and-racism-hong-kong-needs-stop-gyms-find |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801233404/https://www.scmp.com/sport/hong-kong/article/3125389/covid-19-shaming-and-racism-hong-kong-needs-stop-gyms-find |archive-date=1 August 2021 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref>
===Indonesia===
The ''[[Foreign Policy]]'' reported that "On social media, Twitter, Facebook, and [[Instagram]] posts encourage people to stay away from places where Chinese citizens or [[Chinese Indonesians|Chinese-heritage Indonesians]] work and live.{{
A demonstration was staged outside a hotel in [[Bukittinggi]], rejecting the visit of tourists from Southern China who stayed there amid fear of coronavirus. The demonstrators demanded that the tourists be isolated in an airport, and displayed distrust over screening tools in airports. It ended after police guaranteed that the tourists would stay in the hotel up to the following day, when the tourists depart from the city.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mandhana|first=Jon
In a press release, the embassy of Japan in Indonesia said incidents of discrimination and harassment toward Japanese people had increased in the midst of the pandemic, and announced they had set up a help center to assist Japanese residents dealing with these incidents.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.id.emb-japan.go.jp/shingatahaien_seminar_.html|title=新型肺炎に関するセミナーの実施|website=id.emb-japan.go.jp|access-date=10 March 2020|archive-date=3 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703033555/https://www.id.emb-japan.go.jp/shingatahaien_seminar_.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In general, there have been reports of widespread anti-Japanese discrimination and harassment in the country, with hotels, stores, restaurants, taxi services and more refusing Japanese customers, and many Japanese people were no longer allowed in meetings and conferences. The embassy of Japan has also received at least a dozen reports of harassment toward Japanese people in just a few days.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20200307-00000025-jij-int|title=「感染源」日本人に冷視線 入店や乗車拒否 インドネシア
===India===
{{See also|Ethnic relations in India}}[[File:Foolproofaprilseries03.png|thumb|A poster from India for spreading awareness about racism and xenophobia related to COVID-19]]
People from [[Northeast India|Northeastern India]] have reportedly faced increased discrimination and harassment due to their "Chinese" appearance.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Murali Krishnan|date=30 March 2020|title=Coronavirus: 'Chinese-looking' Indians targeted in racist attacks|url=https://www.dw.com/en/coronavirus-chinese-looking-indians-targeted-in-racist-attacks/a-52956212|access-date=24 November 2020|publisher=Deutsche Welle|language=en-GB|archive-date=5 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205094849/https://www.dw.com/en/coronavirus-chinese-looking-indians-targeted-in-racist-attacks/a-52956212|url-status=live}}</ref> Northeast Indian students in [[Kirori Mal College]], Delhi, have filed a complaint to college authorities about harassment in the hands of other students over the fears of coronavirus.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/students-from-northeast-complain-of-racism-at-kmc/articleshow/74071475.cms|title=Students from Northeast complain of racism at Kirori Mal College|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=21 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212022513/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/students-from-northeast-complain-of-racism-at-kmc/articleshow/74071475.cms|archive-date=12 February 2020}}</ref> Eight students from Northeast India at the [[Tata Institute of Social Sciences]] in [[Mumbai]] also alleged that they were subjected to racism and harassment.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/coronavirus-outbreak-northeastern-students-at-tiss-report-incidents-of-racism-harassment-6272973/|title=Coronavirus outbreak: NE students at TISS report incidents of 'racism, harassment'|work=The Indian Express|access-date=21 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218172700/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/coronavirus-outbreak-northeastern-students-at-tiss-report-incidents-of-racism-harassment-6272973/|archive-date=18 February 2020}}</ref>
A survey by The Takshashila Institution found that 52.8% of Indian respondents felt terms such as "Chinese Virus" and "Made in China Pandemic" were not racist or stigmatising to the country.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Manoj Kewalramani|date=6 April 2020|title=Survey Findings: Perceptions of PRC amid Covid-19 pandemic|url=https://takshashila.org.in/survey-findings-perceptions-of-prc-amid-covid-19-pandemic/|access-date=24 November 2020|website=The Takshashila Institution|language=en-US|archive-date=26 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126122635/https://takshashila.org.in/survey-findings-perceptions-of-prc-amid-covid-19-pandemic/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]'s State unit president in [[West Bengal]] [[Dilip Ghosh (politician)|Dilip Ghosh]] said the Chinese had "destroyed nature" and "that's why the God took revenge against them." The remarks were later condemned by the Chinese consulate in [[Kolkata]], calling them "erroneous".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/chinese-government-condemns-bjp-bengal-presidents-comment-on-coronavirus/article31044588.ece|title=Chinese government condemns BJP Bengal president's comment on Coronavirus'|work=The Hindu|access-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312154814/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/chinese-government-condemns-bjp-bengal-presidents-comment-on-coronavirus/article31044588.ece|archive-date=12 March 2020}}</ref>
In March 2020, foreigners from Europe, the United States, and Israel started facing xenophobia and discrimination, including evictions from rented homes.<ref name="aljazeera200324083648362">{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/foreign-tourists-face-hostility-india-coronavirus-panic-200324083648362.html|title=Foreign tourists face hostility in India amid coronavirus panic|publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]|access-date=28 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326222001/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/foreign-tourists-face-hostility-india-coronavirus-panic-200324083648362.html|archive-date=26 March 2020}}</ref>
Muslim gatherings organised by the [[Tablighi Jamaat]] has resulted in large increased of cases in India,<ref>{{cite news|first1=Devjyot|last1=Ghoshal|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-india-islam-insigh/the-religious-retreat-that-sparked-indias-major-coronavirus-manhunt-idUSKBN21K3KF|title=The religious retreat that sparked India's major coronavirus manhunt|work=Reuters|access-date=3 April 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403134104/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-india-islam-insigh/the-religious-retreat-that-sparked-indias-major-coronavirus-manhunt-idUSKBN21K3KF|archive-date=3 April 2020|first2=Aftab|last2=Ahmed|first3=Alasdair|last3=Pal}}</ref> which has triggered [[Islamophobia|Islamophobic]] reactions and increased [[Communalism (South Asia)|communal tension]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-52147260|title=Coronavirus: Islamophobia concerns after India mosque outbreak|date=3 April 2020|publisher=BBC|access-date=29 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404220948/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-52147260|archive-date=4 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first1=Amy|last1=Kazmin|url=https://www.ft.com/content/33017d73-d526-42ea-a2ee-b09078684534|title=Muslims fear backlash of India's coronavirus fury|date=3 March 2020|work=Financial Times|access-date=3 April 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403112048/https://www.ft.com/content/33017d73-d526-42ea-a2ee-b09078684534|archive-date=3 April 2020|first2=Edward|last2=White|first3=Stefania|last3=Palma}}</ref> Islamophobic hashtags began circulating shortly after the news broke in late March,<ref>{{cite news|first=Billy|last=Perrigo|url=https://time.com/5815264/coronavirus-india-islamophobia-coronajihad/|title=It Was Already Dangerous to Be Muslim in India. Then Came the Coronavirus|date=3 April 2020|magazine=Time|url-status=live|access-date=29 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513085602/https://time.com/5815264/coronavirus-india-islamophobia-coronajihad/|archive-date=13 May 2020}}</ref> and a wave of anti-Muslim violence was reported in April.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Gettleman|first1=Jeffrey|last2=Schultz|first2=Kai|last3=Raj|first3=Suhasini|date=12 April 2020|title=In India, Coronavirus Fans Religious Hatred|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/12/world/asia/india-coronavirus-muslims-bigotry.html|access-date=24 November 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=23 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123122215/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/12/world/asia/india-coronavirus-muslims-bigotry.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In [[Jharkhand]], hospitals refusing to treat Muslim patients because coronavirus-related Islamophobia have led to the deaths of at least two newborn babies.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Wallen|first=Joe|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/04/19/indian-hospitals-refuse-admit-muslims-coronavirus-causes-islamophobia/|title=Indian hospitals refuse to admit Muslims as coronavirus causes Islamophobia surge|date=19 April 2020|work=The Telegraph|access-date=21 April 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421172740/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/04/19/indian-hospitals-refuse-admit-muslims-coronavirus-causes-islamophobia/|archive-date=21 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
There have been a few reports of increased [[Anti-Christian violence in India|anti-Christian violence]] and discrimination amidst the coronavirus lockdown.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Covid-crisis spike in anti-Christian violence, discrimination in India reports regional watchdog|url=http://news.barnabasfund.org/Covid-crisis-spike-in-anti-Christian-violence--discrimination-in-India-reports-regional-watchdog/|access-date=24 November 2020|website=[[Barnabas Fund]]|date=20 July 2020|language=en|archive-date=8 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808183211/https://news.barnabasfund.org/Covid-crisis-spike-in-anti-Christian-violence--discrimination-in-India-reports-regional-watchdog/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=10 June 2020|title=Two Christian Pastors Attacked in Northeast India Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic|url=https://www.persecution.org/2020/06/10/two-christian-pastors-attacked-northeast-india-amid-covid-19-pandemic/|access-date=24 November 2020|website=[[International Christian Concern]]|language=en|archive-date=22 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922150426/https://www.persecution.org/2020/06/10/two-christian-pastors-attacked-northeast-india-amid-covid-19-pandemic/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Salam|first=Ziya Us|date=28 August 2020|title=Christians as target during the lockdown|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/christians-as-target/article32284946.ece|access-date=24 November 2020|website=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]|language=en|archive-date=25 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125131646/https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/christians-as-target/article32284946.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Iran===
The Iranian government
According to the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)|Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs]], Japanese people have been denied entry to restaurants and experienced increased abuse since the pandemic.<ref name=":13">{{cite web|url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/anzen/|title=海外安全情報 – ラジオ日本 – NHKワールド – 日本語|website=NHK WORLD|language=ja|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311222859/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/anzen/|archive-date=11 March 2020|access-date=11 April 2020}}</ref>
===Israel===
More than 1,000 South Korean tourists were instructed to avoid public places and remain in isolation in their hotels.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/South-Koreans-refused-entry-to-Israel-over-coronavirus-fears-618419|title=South Korean gov't summons Israeli diplomat following Israel travel ban|website=The Jerusalem Post|date=23 February 2020|access-date=25 February 2020|archive-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317182644/https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/South-Koreans-refused-entry-to-Israel-over-coronavirus-fears-618419|url-status=live}}</ref> The Israeli military announced its intention to quarantine some 200 South Korean nationals to a military base.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/1582452056-idf-to-quarantine-200-koreans-in-jerusalem-military-facility-over-coronavirus-fears|title=IDF to quarantine 200 Koreans in Jerusalem facility over coronavirus fears|website=i24news.tv|access-date=25 February 2020|archive-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229162403/https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/1582452056-idf-to-quarantine-200-koreans-in-jerusalem-military-facility-over-coronavirus-fears|url-status=live}}</ref> Many of the remaining South Koreans were rejected by hotels and were forced to spend nights at [[Ben Gurion Airport]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/south-koreans-being-shipped-out-of-israel-on-special-flights-amid-virus-fears/|title=South Koreans being shipped out of Israel on special flights amid virus fears|website=The Times of Israel|date=24 February 2020|language=en-US|access-date=26 February 2020|archive-date=10 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310171138/https://www.timesofisrael.com/south-koreans-being-shipped-out-of-israel-on-special-flights-amid-virus-fears/|url-status=live}}</ref> An Israeli newspaper subsequently published a Korean complaint that "Israel is Treating [Korean and other Asian] Tourists Like Coronavirus".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.israeltoday.co.il/read/israel-is-treating-south-korea-tourists-like-coronavirus/|title=Israel is Treating Tourists Like Coronavirus|website=Israel Today|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227094233/https://www.israeltoday.co.il/read/israel-is-treating-south-korea-tourists-like-coronavirus/|archive-date=27 February 2020|access-date=27 February 2020}}</ref> Public health expert Dr. [[Hagai Levine]] said Israeli politicians may be overreaching to impress voters.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/02/26/809530231/israel-takes-strict-approach-to-coronavirus-control|title=Israel Takes Strict Approach To Control The Spread Of Coronavirus|newspaper=NPR.org|publisher=NPR|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227000830/https://www.npr.org/2020/02/26/809530231/israel-takes-strict-approach-to-coronavirus-control|archive-date=27 February 2020|access-date=27 February 2020}}</ref>
On 14 March 2020, an Indian man from the [[Bnei Menashe]] community was attacked and beaten by two Israeli men in [[Tiberias]] who called him "Chinese" and shouted "Corona" during the attack.<ref name="inis">{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/indian-immigrant-beaten-in-tiberias-in-apparent-coronavirus-linked-hate-crime/|title=Indian immigrant beaten in Tiberias in apparent coronavirus-linked hate crime|website=The Times of Israel|date=16 March 2020 |language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318013030/https://www.timesofisrael.com/indian-immigrant-beaten-in-tiberias-in-apparent-coronavirus-linked-hate-crime/|archive-date=18 March 2020|access-date=18 March 2020}}</ref> The man was hospitalized at the [[Baruch Padeh Medical Center]] in Tiberias.<ref name="inis" />
===Japan===
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A confectionery shop in [[Hakone]], [[Kanagawa Prefecture]], put up a sign saying "No Chinese allowed!" prompting Chinese citizens to boycott the store.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/wuhan-virus-japanese-shops-no-chinese-allowed-sign-provokes-netizens-to-call-for|title=Wuhan virus: Japanese shop's 'No Chinese allowed' sign provokes netizens to call for boycott|date=22 January 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203073659/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/wuhan-virus-japanese-shops-no-chinese-allowed-sign-provokes-netizens-to-call-for|archive-date=3 February 2020|access-date=3 February 2020}}</ref>
According to an Ipsos MORI poll conducted in February 2020, 28% of Japanese respondents said they would consider avoiding people of Chinese origin in the future to protect themselves from coronavirus.<ref name=":10">{{cite web|url=https://www.ipsos.com/ipsos-mori/en-uk/covid-19-one-seven-people-would-avoid-people-chinese-origin-or-appearance|title=Covid-19 – One in seven people would avoid people of Chinese origin or appearance|website=Ipsos MORI|language=en-gb|access-date=25 February 2020|archive-date=15 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315023230/https://www.ipsos.com/ipsos-mori/en-uk/covid-19-one-seven-people-would-avoid-people-chinese-origin-or-appearance|url-status=live}}</ref>
Ueno Sanji, a [[ramen]] restaurant in Tokyo has banned foreigners from dining there, with the owner claiming that he is doing so to protect his family, employees and regular customers.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/tokyo-ramen-restaurant-wont-allow-foreigners-because-of-1841805078 |title=Tokyo Ramen Restaurant Won't Allow Foreigners Because Of Coronavirus |publisher=Kotaku.com |date=18 February 2020 |access-date=22 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403142118/https://kotaku.com/tokyo-ramen-restaurant-wont-allow-foreigners-because-of-1841805078 |archive-date=3 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Jordan===
In March 2020, a Korean working in [[Jordan]] since 2014 reported to the police that he was beaten and mocked because he was suspected of having the COVID-19 virus.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://alghad.com/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A5%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B6-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A8/|script-title=ar:كوري يقول إنه تعرض للضرب في الأردن بسبب كورونا والأمن يحقق|website=alghad.com|date=4 March 2020|language=ar|access-date=13 April 2020|archive-date=2 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702200527/https://alghad.com/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A5%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B6-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A8/|url-status=live}}</ref> An incident of a Korean working in Jordan, who was not allowed into a [[taxi]] for similar reasons was also reported.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.skynewsarabia.com/program/menassat/1325765-%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%94%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86-%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A8-%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7|script-title=ar:كوري في الأردن يشكو العنصرية بسبب كورونا|website=Sky News Arabia|date=4 March 2020|access-date=3 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328154705/https://www.skynewsarabia.com/program/menassat/1325765-%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%94%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86-%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A8-%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7|archive-date=28 March 2020|url-status=live|language=ar}}</ref>
According to [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)|Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs]], there have been incidents of Japanese people in Jordan being chased by locals since the pandemic started.<ref name=":13"/>
Line 138 ⟶ 137:
}}</ref>
According to [[Human Rights Watch]] and the Asia Pacific Refugee Rights Network, more than 700 foreign migrant workers and refugees including stateless [[Rohingya]] refugees have been detained by Malaysian police during the coronavirus pandemic.<ref>{{cite news |title=Malaysia 'detains migrants, refugees' amid coronavirus lockdown |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/malaysia-detains-migrants-refugees-coronavirus-lockdown-200501134602431.html |access-date=2 May 2020 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |date=1 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502020549/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/malaysia-detains-migrants-refugees-coronavirus-lockdown-200501134602431.html |archive-date=2 May 2020}}</ref> Police have claimed that the arrests were intended to prevent undocumented migrants from traveling to other areas as part of lockdown movement restrictions.<ref name="The Guardian Rohingya">{{cite news |last1=Ahmed |first1=Kaamil |title=Malaysia cites Covid-19 for rounding up hundreds of migrants |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/may/02/malaysia-cites-covid-19-for-rounding-up-hundreds-of-migrants |access-date=4 May 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=2 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504035457/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/may/02/malaysia-cites-covid-19-for-rounding-up-hundreds-of-migrants |archive-date=4 May 2020}}</ref> In response to the arrests, the United Nations in Malaysia's Head of Communications and Advocacy, Ahmad Hafiz Osman, to avoid detaining refugees and not to hinder them from seeking medical treatment. The Home Affairs Minister [[Hamzah Zainuddin]] had earlier described the Rohingya as "illegal immigrants", who "have no status, right and basis to present any demands to the government".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nur |first1=Alisha |title=UN Malaysia voices concern over large-scale arrests of undocumented migrants in KL |url=https://www.thesundaily.my/local/un-malaysia-voices-concern-over-large-scale-arrests-of-undocumented-migrants-in-kl-FE2363205#pk_campaign=MASwpn&pk_kwd=UN+Malaysia+voices+concern+over+large-scale+arrests+of+undocumented+migrants+in+KL |access-date=2 May 2020 |work=[[The Sun (Malaysia)|The Sun]] |date=2 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502093020/https://www.thesundaily.my/local/un-malaysia-voices-concern-over-large-scale-arrests-of-undocumented-migrants-in-kl-FE2363205 |archive-date=2 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="The Guardian Rohingya" />
In addition, there have been incidents of xenophobia against Rohingya refugees in Malaysia, such as Malaysian politicians and locals expressing violent hate speech online,<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Latiff|first1=Rozanna|last2=Ananthalakshmi|first2=A.|date=14 October 2020|title=Anti-Rohingya hate spreads unchecked on Facebook in Malaysia|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/10/14/asia-pacific/migrant-hate-speech-facebook-malaysia/|access-date=24 November 2020|website=The Japan Times, [[Reuters]]|language=en-US|archive-date=22 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122114945/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/10/14/asia-pacific/migrant-hate-speech-facebook-malaysia/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=11 May 2020|title=Joint Letter Re: End Violent Threats and Anti-Rohingya Campaign|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/05/11/joint-letter-re-end-violent-threats-and-anti-rohingya-campaign|access-date=24 November 2020|publisher=Human Rights Watch|language=en|archive-date=25 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125090416/https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/05/11/joint-letter-re-end-violent-threats-and-anti-rohingya-campaign|url-status=live}}</ref> accusing the Rohingya of committing crimes and dominating parts of the capital [[Kuala Lumpur]]. Names and photos of activists have been circulated on social media, and there have been several online petitions calling for the deportation of Rohingya on [[Change.org]]. This surge in hostility has been fueled by negative perceptions about Rohingya refugees and inflammatory news stories on social media.<ref name="The Guardian Rohingya" /><ref name="SCMP Rohingya">{{cite news |last1=Sukumara |first1=Tashny |title=As Malaysia battles the coronavirus, its Rohingya refugees face a torrent of hate |url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3081958/malaysia-battles-coronavirus-its-rohingya-refugees-face-torrent |access-date=4 May 2020 |work=[[South China Morning Post]] |date=28 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503100435/https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3081958/malaysia-battles-coronavirus-its-rohingya-refugees-face-torrent |archive-date=3 May 2020}}</ref> According to ''[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]'' newspaper, there were also reports of Rohingya individuals making racially-tinged and provocative comments in social media videos targeting the [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay]] ethnicity community, which have strained relations between the two ethnic communities.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chun Wai |first1=Wong |title=The anger against the Rohingya has roots |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/05/02/the-anger-against-the-rohingya-has-roots |access-date=4 May 2020 |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |date=2 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503020106/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/05/02/the-anger-against-the-rohingya-has-roots |archive-date=3 May 2020}}</ref> Rohingya community spokespersons have said the community is living in state of fear while the
On 21 June, Malaysian human rights NGO
On 25 June, the [[Kuala Lumpur City Hall]] restricted refugees' access to the city's wholesale market, allowing them entry only if they possessed valid permits and were accompanied by Malaysians. The City Hall does not recognise identity cards issued by the [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]]. This ruling was criticised by Yemen Refugee Union representative Dr Mohammed Al Radhi and Alliance of Chin Refugees coordinator James Bawi Thang Bik as discriminatory and inhumane towards refugee communities.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Loo |first1=Cindi |title=Refugees cry foul over ban |url=https://www.thesundaily.my/local/refugees-cry-foul-over-ban-LX2624508#pk_campaign=MASwpn&pk_kwd=Refugees+cry+foul+over+ban |access-date=25 June 2020 |work=[[The Sun (Malaysia)|The Sun Daily]] |date=25 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625032219/https://www.thesundaily.my/local/refugees-cry-foul-over-ban-LX2624508|archive-date=25 June 2020}}</ref>
On 27 June, Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin said Malaysia could not accommodate more Rohingya refugees due to a struggling economy and dwindling resources. Malaysia does not recognise their refugee status and has turned away incoming boats and detained hundreds of refugees. The Prime Minister also called upon the [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] to speed up the resettlement of Rohingya refugees in third party countries.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Latiff |first1=Rozanna |title=Malaysia can't take any more Rohingya refugees, PM says |url=https://mobile.reuters.com/article/amp/idUSKBN23X19Y |access-date=27 June 2020 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=26 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627084813/https://mobile.reuters.com/article/amp/idUSKBN23X19Y |archive-date=27 June 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Can't take any more Rohingya refugees: Malaysia PM at ASEAN meet |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/06/rohingya-refugees-malaysia-pm-asean-meet-200626100301937.html |access-date=27 June 2020 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |date=27 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627102250/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/06/rohingya-refugees-malaysia-pm-asean-meet-200626100301937.html |archive-date=27 June 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
In early July 2020, an [[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]] documentary titled ''"Locked Up in Malaysia's Lockdown"'' alleged that illegal migrants and foreign workers had subjected to racism and mistreatment by Malaysian authorities during the country's [[Malaysian movement control order|lockdown]]. The Malaysian Government criticised the documentary as "misleading" and "inaccurate", with Senior Minister [[Ismail Sabri Yaakob]] demanding an apology from the news network. The [[Royal Malaysian Police]] have launched an investigation into the documentary while the [[Immigration Department of Malaysia]] have sought to question a Bangladeshi migrant interviewed in the documentary.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Timboung |first1=Jo |title=Bukit Aman to call up Al Jazeera reporter, anyone linked to lockdown documentary |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/07/07/bukit-aman-to-call-up-al-jazeera-reporter-anyone-linked-to-lockdown-documentary |access-date=8 July 2020 |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |date=7 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708072138/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/07/07/bukit-aman-to-call-up-al-jazeera-reporter-anyone-linked-to-lockdown-documentary |archive-date=8 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2020/07/07/immigration-dept-seeking-bangladesh-national-who-appeared-in-al-jazeeras-do/1882221 |title=Immigration Dept seeking Bangladesh national who appeared in Al Jazeera's documentary |work=[[The Malay Mail]] |date=7 July 2020 |access-date=7 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708071948/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2020/07/07/immigration-dept-seeking-bangladesh-national-who-appeared-in-al-jazeeras-do/1882221|archive-date=8 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Malaysia opens probe into Al Jazeera report on migrant arrests |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/seasia/2020/07/07/malaysia-opens-probe-into-al-jazeera-report-on-migrant-arrests.html |access-date=8 July 2020 |work=[[Jakarta Post]] |agency=[[Reuters]] |date=7 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708073957/https://www.thejakartapost.com/seasia/2020/07/07/malaysia-opens-probe-into-al-jazeera-report-on-migrant-arrests.html|archive-date=8 July 2020}}</ref> In response, several civil society organisations including the Centre for Independent Journalism issued a statement calling on the Malaysian Government to cease intimidating media and to protect the rights of migrant workers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Civil society organisations stand in solidarity with Al Jazeera, media freedom |url=https://www.thesundaily.my/local/civil-society-organisations-stand-in-solidarity-with-al-jazeera-media-freedom-GX2734877#pk_campaign=MASwpn&pk_kwd=Civil+society+organisations+stand+in+solidarity+with+Al+Jazeera%2C+media+freedom |access-date=8 July 2020 |work=[[The Sun (Malaysia)|The Sun Daily]] |date=8 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708093254/https://www.thesundaily.my/local/civil-society-organisations-stand-in-solidarity-with-al-jazeera-media-freedom-GX2734877 |archive-date=8 July 2020}}</ref> The Bangladeshi migrant, who was identified as Mohammad Rayhan Kaybir, was subsequently deported to Bangladesh on 22 August.<ref>{{cite news |title=Malaysia deports Bangladeshi man who criticised treatment of migrants in documentary |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/malaysia-deports-bangladeshi-man-migrants-al-jazeera-documentary-13043750 |access-date=23 August 2020 |publisher=[[Channel NewsAsia]] |date=22 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822102326/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/malaysia-deports-bangladeshi-man-migrants-al-jazeera-documentary-13043750 |archive-date=22 August 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Palestine===
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===Philippines===
Various Filipino-Chinese advocacy groups have warned that racism against the Chinese community has risen after the outbreak has started.<ref name="ABSCBN">{{cite web|url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/2/1/groups-decry-racism-coronavirus-china.html|title=Groups decry racism against Chinese amid coronavirus outbreak|url-status=
President [[Rodrigo Duterte]] has made appeals to the public to stop discriminating against anyone who merely happens to be of Chinese ancestry.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/02/04/asia-pacific/science-health-asia-pacific/philippine-leader-duterte-says-xenophobia-chinese-must-stop/|title=Philippine leader Duterte says xenophobia against Chinese must stop|date=4 February 2020|newspaper=The Japan Times|access-date=4 February 2020|archive-date=13 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213022844/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/02/04/asia-pacific/science-health-asia-pacific/philippine-leader-duterte-says-xenophobia-chinese-must-stop/|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Saudi Arabia===
Images of a South Asian migrant worker who was dressed as a human hand sanitiser while wearing a face mask for [[Saudi Aramco]] went [[viral phenomenon|viral]] online and sparked global outrage and was cited as another example of "coronavirus racism".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/meghara/coronavirus-saudi-aramco-human-hand-sanitizer|title=The World's Most Valuable Company Used A Migrant Worker As A Human Hand Sanitizer|last=Rajagopalan|first=Megha|website=Buzzfeed|date=11 March 2020 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311193752/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/meghara/coronavirus-saudi-aramco-human-hand-sanitizer|archive-date=11 March 2020|access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/saudi/coronavirus-saudi-aramco-says-its-dismayed-with-human-sanitiser-1.70307723|title=Coronavirus: Saudi Aramco says it's dismayed with 'human sanitiser'|last=Al Sherbini|first=Ramadan|website=Gulf News|date=11 March 2020 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311173243/https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/saudi/coronavirus-saudi-aramco-says-its-dismayed-with-human-sanitiser-1.70307723|archive-date=11 March 2020|access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref> The company later apologised for the incident.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com
===Singapore===
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The [[Ministry of Home Affairs (Singapore)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] has ordered an investigation against an Islamic teacher, Abdul Halim bin Abdul Karim, after he had posted on Facebook that the coronavirus pandemic was "a retribution by [[Allah]] against the Chinese for their [[Xinjiang conflict|oppressive treatment]] of [[Uyghurs|Muslim Uighurs]] in Xinjiang". In a separate post, Abdul Halim claimed that Chinese people do not wash properly after [[Defecation|defecating]] and were not as hygienic as [[Muslims]], causing the virus to spread. Home Affairs and Law Minister [[K. Shanmugam]] slammed the comments as "silly", "xenophobic" and "thoroughly racist" and is "quite unacceptable from anyone, let alone someone who is supposed to be a religious teacher".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kurohi|first=Rei|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-mha-investigating-religious-teacher-for-xenophobic-racist-posts|title=Coronavirus: MHA investigating religious teacher for 'xenophobic, racist' posts|date=7 February 2020|work=[[The Straits Times]]|access-date=7 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207172144/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-mha-investigating-religious-teacher-for-xenophobic-racist-posts|archive-date=7 February 2020}}</ref> The [[Islamic Religious Council of Singapore]] said it is aware of the post, which "expresses views that do not represent the Muslim community" and was investigating the matter.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kurohi|first=Rei|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/mha-muis-investigating-religious-teachers-posts|title=MHA, Muis investigating religious teacher's posts|date=7 February 2020|work=[[The Straits Times]]|access-date=7 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200208231847/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/mha-muis-investigating-religious-teachers-posts|archive-date=8 February 2020}}</ref> In response, Abdul Halim said his Facebook post, written in [[Malay language|Malay]], was not intended to be racist and did not target "any particular race".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/mha-wuhan-virus-shanmugam-abdul-halim-racist-remarks-12403812|title=MHA to look into 'racist, xenophobic' remarks by religious teacher over coronavirus: Shanmugam|date=7 February 2020|publisher=[[Channel NewsAsia]]|access-date=8 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207132230/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/mha-wuhan-virus-shanmugam-abdul-halim-racist-remarks-12403812|archive-date=7 February 2020}}</ref>
Due to the Indian variant, a 55-year-old Singaporean-Indian female was being attacked for not properly wearing a mask. This has been condemned by several local politicians including Prime Minister [[Lee Hsien Loong]].<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/singapore-pm-condemns-alleged-attack-woman-indian-descent-over-mask-2021-05-11/|title = Singapore PM condemns alleged attack on woman of Indian descent over mask|newspaper = Reuters|date = 11 May 2021|access-date = 15 May 2021|archive-date = 15 May 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210515124807/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/singapore-pm-condemns-alleged-attack-woman-indian-descent-over-mask-2021-05-11/|url-status = live}}</ref> Xenophobic sentiments toward Indian immigrants in the country reportedly increased as of May 2021,<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Mathew Mathews|last2=Shamil Zainuddin|date=May 2021|title=Commentary: Worries over rising COVID-19 cases are fuelling racially charged comments|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/commentary/covid-19-racist-remarks-racially-charged-xenophobia-1336716|website=[[Channel NewsAsia]]|language=en|access-date=20 September 2021|archive-date=20 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920212048/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/commentary/covid-19-racist-remarks-racially-charged-xenophobia-1336716|url-status=live}}</ref> with Minister of Law [[K. Shanmugam]] condemning a minority of Singaporeans online for describing Indians as "cockroaches" and "rapists".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore will fail if it allows racism, xenophobia: Senior minister K Shanmugam warns|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/world/2021/may/11/singapore-will-fail-if-it-allows-racism-xenophobia-senior-minister-k-shanmugam-warns-2301255.html|access-date=20 September 2021|website=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=11 May 2021|archive-date=20 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920212738/https://www.newindianexpress.com/world/2021/may/11/singapore-will-fail-if-it-allows-racism-xenophobia-senior-minister-k-shanmugam-warns-2301255.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
===South Korea===
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===Sri Lanka===
A group of Singaporean Chinese tourists were reportedly denied permission to climb the tourist attraction [[Ella, Sri Lanka|Ella Rock]] due to their appearance.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/1846959/chinese-no-longer-welcome-as-coronavirus-fear-grips-world|title=Chinese no longer welcome as coronavirus fear grips world|work=Bangkok Post|access-date=16 February 2020|archive-date=4 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304005950/https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/1846959/chinese-no-longer-welcome-as-coronavirus-fear-grips-world|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Taiwan ===
As early as May 2020, an alliance of migrant worker groups called the Migrants Empowerment Network in Taiwan (MENT) protested that some local employers had barred their workers from going outside due to the pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 July 2020
After [[Miaoli County]] recorded 300 cases of COVID-19 within a one-week period involving tech-factory migrant workers, local magistrate Hsu Yao-chang announced on 7 June 2021 that migrant workers in the county were not allowed to leave their living quarters for any reason.<ref name=":17">{{Cite web |last=Katherine Wei |date=6 July 2021
According to a migrant rights group survey cited by ''[[The Straits Times]]'' in July 2021, more than 60 per cent of Filipino migrant workers said they were no longer allowed to leave their dorms outside of work hours.<ref name=":17" /> Some Taiwanese have reportedly made comments that Indonesian workers "are all dangerous" and "have a higher risk of being infected by and transmitting the virus than Taiwanese".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Randy Mulyanto |date=
===Thailand===
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Graffiti artist [[Headache Stencil]] reportedly tweeted, "Hey [[Chink]]! Please go back to ur shit-eating country. Our government need ur money to keep their power but you all not welcome for us now. #notwelcometothailand #backtourchinklandpls".<ref name="rears" />
Health minister [[Anutin Charnvirakul]] made negative comments about "dirty" Westerners, saying they "never shower" and are more likely to spread the virus than Asians.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.khaosodenglish.com/news/2020/03/13/health-minister-dirty-europeans-pose-virus-risks-to-thailand/|title=Health Minister: 'Dirty' Europeans Pose Virus Risks to Thailand|date=13 March 2020|work=Khaosod English|access-date=21 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321044346/https://www.khaosodenglish.com/news/2020/03/13/health-minister-dirty-europeans-pose-virus-risks-to-thailand/|archive-date=21 March 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2020/03/coronavirus-covid19-xenophobia-racism/607816/|title=The Other Problematic Outbreak|date=13 March 2020|work=The Atlantic|access-date=21 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320040402/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2020/03/coronavirus-covid19-xenophobia-racism/607816/|archive-date=20 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> He later apologised for the comments.<ref>{{Cite news|date=8 February 2020|title=Health minister apologises for anti-Western slurs|work=[[Bangkok Post]]|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/1852949/health-minister-apologises-for-anti-western-slurs|access-date=24 November 2020|archive-date=11 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011004621/https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/1852949/health-minister-apologises-for-anti-western-slurs|url-status=live}}</ref>
In December 2020, Thai Prime Minister [[Prayuth Chan-ocha]] said illegal immigration was behind a new wave of COVID-19 infection in the country. Migrant workers from neighboring [[Myanmar]] bore the brunt of the blame, including incendiary social media posts advocating violence, such as "wherever you see Myanmar people, shoot them down," and refusal of service across Thai society, with Burmese citizens refused access to buses, motorcycle taxis, and offices. COVID-19 xenophobia also led to a reawakening of anger related to the [[Burmese–Siamese War (1765–67)|18th century destruction]] by Burmese forces of [[Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya (city)|Ayutthaya]], capital of what was then known as Siam, now Thailand. The head of Thailand's COVID-19 task force pleaded for tolerance in a televised broadcast, appealing to common religious values: "Today they are our family{{
===Turkey===
While in 2019, a poll estimated that 83.2% of Turks wanted all [[Refugees of the Syrian Civil War|Syrian refugees]] returned, the pandemic caused a further rise of xenophobia and anti-refugee sentiment in Turkey.<ref name=BrookingsKE>{{cite news|url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/04/20/turkey-and-covid-19-dont-forget-refugees/|title=Turkey and COVID-19: Don't forget refugees|author1=Kemal Kirişci|author2=M. Murat Erdoğan|agency=Brookings|date=20 April 2020|access-date=29 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509100646/https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/04/20/turkey-and-covid-19-dont-forget-refugees/|archive-date=9 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A couple of religious news outlets have reported a spike in attacks on Turkish churches, with some scapegoating Christians for the coronavirus crisis in Turkey.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 June 2020|title=Turkey: Attacks on churches spike as some blame Christians for COVID-19|url=https://religionnews.com/2020/06/23/turkey-attacks-on-churches-spike-as-some-blame-christians-for-covid-19/|access-date=24 November 2020|website=[[Religion News Service]]|language=en-US|archive-date=1 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101015452/https://religionnews.com/2020/06/23/turkey-attacks-on-churches-spike-as-some-blame-christians-for-covid-19/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=26 June 2020|title=Turkish churches vandalized, Christians becoming 'scapegoat' amid pandemic woes: SAT-7|url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/turkish-churches-vandalized-christians-becoming-scapegoat-amid-pandemic-woes-sat-7.html|access-date=24 November 2020|website=[[The Christian Post]], [[SAT-7]]|language=en|archive-date=29 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129114628/https://www.christianpost.com/news/turkish-churches-vandalized-christians-becoming-scapegoat-amid-pandemic-woes-sat-7.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Some Israeli researchers and [[Jews in Turkey|Jewish Turks]] reported in 2020 that antisemitic conspiracy theories blaming Jews for COVID-19 were spreading on Turkish social media.<ref>{{Cite web |last=KRISTINA JOVANOVSKI |date=25 May 2020 |title=Antisemitism spreads amid coronavirus pandemic in Turkey, group warns |url=https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/antisemitism-spreads-amid-coronavirus-pandemic-in-turkey-group-warns-629231 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220513003931/https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/antisemitism-spreads-amid-coronavirus-pandemic-in-turkey-group-warns-629231 |archive-date=13 May 2022 |website=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |language=en-US |access-date=16 June 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=21 April 2020 |title=New Report Notes Rise In Coronavirus-Linked Anti-Semitic Hate Speech |language=en |work=[[NPR]] |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/04/21/839748857/new-report-notes-rise-in-coronavirus-linked-anti-semitic-hate-speech |access-date=13 May 2022 |archive-date=7 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907055712/https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/04/21/839748857/new-report-notes-rise-in-coronavirus-linked-anti-semitic-hate-speech |url-status=live }}</ref>
===United Arab Emirates===
Following comments made by Kuwaiti actress [[Hayat Al-Fahad]] about the deportation of migrant workers to the desert or to their countries of origin due to COVID-19,<ref name="Kuwait"/> Emirati poet Tariq Al-Mehyas clarified Al-Fahad's comments by stating "When we say "migrants" we mean Asians [not Arabs]".<ref name="UAE">{{cite news|url=https://www.trtworld.com/video/social-videos/uae-media-personality-called-out-for-racism/5e971d9fa8e0460019336728|title=UAE media personality called out for racism|date=15 April 2020|work=TRT World|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=27 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627225216/https://www.trtworld.com/video/social-videos/uae-media-personality-called-out-for-racism/5e971d9fa8e0460019336728|url-status=live}}</ref> He went on to say that Arab workers from countries such as Egypt and Sudan were better than Asian (Indian and [[Bengalis|Bengali]]) workers and said Asians in the Gulf are never treated equally with Arabs.<ref name="UAE"/> When his comments generated widespread outrage in the UAE, he said he was not racist because he had an Asian maid.<ref name="UAE2">{{cite news|url=https://english.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2020/4/16/uae-arrests-emirati-influencer-for-racist-speech|title=UAE arrests Emirati influencer for 'racist speech', as coronavirus epidemic sparks foreign workers' debate|date=16 April 2020|work=The New Arab|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423162325/https://english.alaraby.co.uk/english/News/2020/4/16/UAE-arrests-Emirati-influencer-for-racist-speech|archive-date=23 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://theprint.in/world/uae-poet-tariq-al-mehyas-draws-fire-for-racist-comment-against-indians-bengalis/401726/|title=UAE poet Tariq Al-Mehyas draws fire for 'racist' comment against Indians, Bengalis|date=14 April 2020|work=The Print|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421093706/https://theprint.in/world/uae-poet-tariq-al-mehyas-draws-fire-for-racist-comment-against-indians-bengalis/401726/|archive-date=21 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Al-Mehyas was later arrested by Emirati authorities for inciting hatred.<ref name="UAE2"/>
===Vietnam===
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==Europe==
[[File:Sinofobia mallorca.jpg|thumb|Graffiti reading "Chinos comeperros" ("Chinese dog eaters") in [[Can Picafort, Mallorca]], Spain]]
===Belgium===
There have been reports by Asian people of increased racism in Belgium due to the pandemic.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/belgium/94859/belgo-asians-report-increased-racism-amid-coronavirus-fears-covid-19-xenophobic/|title=Belgians with Asian roots report increased racism amid coronavirus fears|date=13 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214152915/https://www.brusselstimes.com/belgium/94859/belgo-asians-report-increased-racism-amid-coronavirus-fears-covid-19-xenophobic/|archive-date=14 February 2020|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref>
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===Denmark===
In January 2020, [[Jyllands-Posten]] received international attention when it published a cartoon depicting the Chinese flag with yellow virus-like figures instead of the usual yellow stars. The Chinese embassy in Denmark demanded an official apology from the newspaper.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.zaobao.com/realtime/china/story20200128-1024357|title=丹麦报刊登"五星病毒旗"讽刺漫画 中国要求公开道歉
===Finland===
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===France===
Asians in Paris reported an increase in racism and harassment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.courrierinternational.com/article/vu-de-letranger-en-france-le-racisme-plus-contagieux-que-le-coronavirus|title=En France, le racisme plus contagieux que le coronavirus|date=4 February 2020|website=Courrier international|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306002807/https://www.courrierinternational.com/article/vu-de-letranger-en-france-le-racisme-plus-contagieux-que-le-coronavirus|archive-date=6 March 2020|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/coronavirus-asians-in-paris-rattled-by-racist-abuse/av-52319444|title=Coronavirus: Asians in Paris rattled by racist abuse|date=10 February 2020|publisher=Deutsche Welle|access-date=10 March 2020|archive-date=15 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315125116/https://www.dw.com/en/coronavirus-asians-in-paris-rattled-by-racist-abuse/av-52319444|url-status=live}}</ref>
French newspaper ''[[:fr:Le Courrier Picard|Le Courrier Picard]]'' featured an Asian woman wearing a mask on its front page on 26 January 2020 with a headline "Yellow Alert".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/01/31/coronavirus-chinese-xenophobia-racism-misinformation/2860391001/|title=Coronavirus is spreading. And so is anti-Chinese sentiment and xenophobia|last=Lam|first=Marco della Cava and Kristin|website=USA Today|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203011355/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/01/31/coronavirus-chinese-xenophobia-racism-misinformation/2860391001/|archive-date=3 February 2020|access-date=3 February 2020}}</ref> The paper also titled an editorial "A New [[Yellow Peril]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/science-health/coronavirus-outbreak/frances-ethnic-chinese-community-other-asians-complain|title=France's Ethnic Chinese Community, Other Asians Complain of Coronavirus-Linked Discrimination|date=31 January 2020 |publisher=Voice of America|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203011355/https://www.voanews.com/science-health/coronavirus-outbreak/frances-ethnic-chinese-community-other-asians-complain|archive-date=3 February 2020|access-date=3 February 2020}}</ref> The publication drew condemnation from French Asians who started the hashtag #JeNeSuisPasUnVirus (which translates to "I Am Not A Virus").<ref>{{Cite news|last=Paris|first=Angela Giuffrida Kim Willsher in|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/31/spate-of-anti-chinese-incidents-in-italy-amid-coronavirus-panic|title=Outbreaks of xenophobia in west as coronavirus spreads|date=31 January 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=3 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131044009/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/31/spate-of-anti-chinese-incidents-in-italy-amid-coronavirus-panic|archive-date=31 January 2020|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Other French newspapers called [[Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]] the "Chinese Virus" at the beginning of the outbreak, which could stigmatise people of Chinese descent.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/sante/virus/virus-chinois-ce-que-l-sait-de-l-epidemie-qui-se-propage-en-chine-et-l-etranger-6710671|title=Virus chinois. Ce que l'on sait de l'épidémie qui se propage en Chine et à l'étranger|last=Hillard|first=Hervé|date=28 January 2020|work=Ouest-France|language=fr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129161323/https://www.ouest-france.fr/sante/virus/virus-chinois-ce-que-l-sait-de-l-epidemie-qui-se-propage-en-chine-et-l-etranger-6710671|archive-date=29 January 2020|access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leparisien.fr/societe/virus-chinois-cinq-minutes-pour-comprendre-l-epidemie-22-01-2020-8241759.php|title=Virus chinois: cinq minutes pour comprendre l'épidémie|date=22 January 2020|work=Le Parisien|language=fr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226122956/http://www.leparisien.fr/societe/virus-chinois-cinq-minutes-pour-comprendre-l-epidemie-22-01-2020-8241759.php|archive-date=26 February 2020|access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref> Numerous reports indicate a significant increase in harassment and violent attacks toward people of certain Asian origins.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/sante/maladie/coronavirus/coronavirus-les-asiatiques-victimes-de-discrimination-en-france_3808777.html|title=Coronavirus: les Asiatiques victimes de discrimination en France|date=1 February 2020|website=France Inter|language=fr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202073706/https://www.francetvinfo.fr/sante/maladie/coronavirus/coronavirus-les-asiatiques-victimes-de-discrimination-en-france_3808777.html|archive-date=2 February 2020|access-date=26 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="forbes22">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tamarathiessen/2020/02/11/france-in-grips-of-racism-epidemic-as-coronavirus-fans-anti-asian-hysteria/|title=France In Grips Of Racism Epidemic, As Coronavirus Fans Anti-Asian Hysteria|website=[[Forbes]]|date=11 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227185728/https://www.forbes.com/sites/tamarathiessen/2020/02/11/france-in-grips-of-racism-epidemic-as-coronavirus-fans-anti-asian-hysteria/#9409c5152d74|archive-date=27 February 2020|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> Some children of Asian descent were ostracised and mocked over their origins in middle schools near Paris.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leparisien.fr/seine-et-marne-77/coronavirus-de-jeunes-francais-d-origine-asiatique-pris-a-partie-en-seine-et-marne-02-02-2020-8250627.php|title=Coronavirus: de jeunes Français d'origine asiatique pris à partie en Seine-et-Marne|last=Cassard|first=Jeanne|date=22 January 2020|work=Le Parisien|language=fr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226122954/http://www.leparisien.fr/seine-et-marne-77/coronavirus-de-jeunes-francais-d-origine-asiatique-pris-a-partie-en-seine-et-marne-02-02-2020-8250627.php|archive-date=26 February 2020|access-date=26 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.franceinter.fr/le-virus-de-la-stigmatisation-anti-chinoise-s-invite-dans-les-cours-d-ecole|title=Coronavirus: en France, la stigmatisation anti-chinoise s'invite dans les cours d'école|last=Boissais|first=Valentin|date=1 February 2020|newspaper=Radio France|publisher=France Inter|language=fr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204031629/https://www.franceinter.fr/le-virus-de-la-stigmatisation-anti-chinoise-s-invite-dans-les-cours-d-ecole|archive-date=4 February 2020|access-date=26 February 2020}}</ref>
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Non-Western restaurants, including Chinese, Thai, Cambodian, and Japanese have reported a decline in customers. The scale of the decline typically ranged from thirty to fifty percent.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2020/02/07/a-paris-les-rues-du-quartier-de-belleville-se-vident-avec-la-peur-du-coronavirus_6028851_3224.html|title=A Paris, les rues du quartier de Belleville se vident avec la peur du coronavirus|last=Laemle|first=Brice|date=7 February 2020|work=Le Monde|language=fr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226005450/https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2020/02/07/a-paris-les-rues-du-quartier-de-belleville-se-vident-avec-la-peur-du-coronavirus_6028851_3224.html|archive-date=26 February 2020|access-date=26 February 2020}}</ref>
Many French-Vietnamese reported being subject to harassment since the pandemic began in Wuhan.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://
South Korean media reported increased animosity toward their nationals.<ref name=":3">{{cite web|url=http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_international/926438.html|title=Global coronavirus scare sparks racist sentiment toward people of Asian descent|website=english.hani.co.kr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204005258/http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_international/926438.html|archive-date=4 February 2020|access-date=4 February 2020}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite web|url=http://www.nocutnews.co.kr/news/5281024|title=中혐오의 부메랑? 해외선 한국인도 '한묶음'|date=31 January 2020|website=nocutnews.co.kr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204234854/https://www.nocutnews.co.kr/news/5281024|archive-date=4 February 2020|access-date=4 February 2020}}</ref>
Japan's public service broadcaster [[NHK]], which provides a list of overseas safety information for travelers, listed anti-Japanese discrimination in February 2020 as a concern when traveling to France and other European countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/anzen/|title=海外安全情報 – ラジオ日本|website=NHK|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225213042/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/anzen/|archive-date=25 February 2020|access-date=25 February 2020}}</ref> Some Japanese nationals reported an increase in [[Anti-Japanese sentiment|anti-Japanese]] incidents, such as being mocked on the street, being refused taxi service, and least one Japanese restaurant was vandalized.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20200203-00010005-encount-ent|title=日本人女性に「ウイルス!」と暴言 志らくが不快感「どこの国でもこういうのが出てくる」
===Germany===
Numerous racial incidents and discrimination against those of Asian descent in Germany have been reported by news media.<ref>{{cite
The weekly magazine ''[[Der Spiegel]]'' has published a controversial cover which has been considered by some as blaming China for the outbreak and fueling xenophobia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/index-2020-6.html|title=DER SPIEGEL 6/2020 – Inhaltsverzeichnis|website=Der Spiegel|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206103351/https://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/index-2020-6.html|archive-date=6 February 2020|access-date=10 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/nation-world/story/2020-02-01/fears-of-new-virus-trigger-anti-china-sentiment-worldwide|title=Fears of new virus trigger anti-China sentiment worldwide|date=2 February 2020|website=The San Diego Union-Tribune|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206233131/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/nation-world/story/2020-02-01/fears-of-new-virus-trigger-anti-china-sentiment-worldwide|archive-date=6 February 2020|access-date=10 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/german-and-other-european-media-fan-coronavirus-fears-and-sinophobia|title=German and other European media fan coronavirus fears and sinophobia|date=5 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212231102/https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/german-and-other-european-media-fan-coronavirus-fears-and-sinophobia|archive-date=12 February 2020|access-date=10 February 2020|last1=Ziener|first1=Markus}}</ref>
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The Chinese Embassy in Berlin has acknowledged a rise in hostile cases against its citizens since the outbreak.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rbb24.de/politik/beitrag/2020/02/coronavirus-chinesen-botschaft-fremdenfeindlichkeit-berlin.html|title=Chinesische Botschaft sorgt sich um zunehmende Anfeindungen|date=5 February 2020|access-date=9 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206130547/https://www.rbb24.de/politik/beitrag/2020/02/coronavirus-chinesen-botschaft-fremdenfeindlichkeit-berlin.html|archive-date=6 February 2020|agency=Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg}}</ref> On 1 February 2020, a 23-year-old Chinese citizen in Berlin reportedly received racist insults and was subsequently beaten by two unknown assailants, in an incident classified by police as "xenophobic".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/polizei-justiz/chinesin-in-berlin-rassistisch-beleidigt-zwei-frauen-gehen-auf-23-jaehrige-an-s-bahnhof-beusselstrasse-los/25498396.html|title=Zwei Frauen gehen auf 23-Jährige an S-Bahnhof Beusselstraße los|date=1 February 2020|work=Der Tagesspiel|access-date=9 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202153926/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/polizei-justiz/chinesin-in-berlin-rassistisch-beleidigt-zwei-frauen-gehen-auf-23-jaehrige-an-s-bahnhof-beusselstrasse-los/25498396.html|archive-date=2 February 2020}}</ref>
A Chinese student from [[Chengdu]] living in [[Berlin]] was given two weeks notice to leave her sublet apartment by her landlord, German actress [[:de:Gabrielle Scharnitzky|Gabrielle Scharnitzky]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://rp-online.de/panorama/deutschland/gabrielle-scharnitzky-schauspielerin-kuendigt-chinesin-den-untermietvertrag_aid-48886715|title=Ex-"Sturm der Liebe"-Schauspielerin kündigt Untermieterin – weil sie aus China kommt|date=11 February 2020|access-date=14 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212171958/https://rp-online.de/panorama/deutschland/gabrielle-scharnitzky-schauspielerin-kuendigt-chinesin-den-untermietvertrag_aid-48886715|archive-date=12 February 2020|work=Rheinische Post|issue=RP Online}}</ref> Scharnitzky defended her actions, stating "I had to protect myself against a real possible danger of infection by a person returning from a virus-contaminated area, entering and leaving my home and thus endangering my health and the health of my visitors".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rnd.de/promis/angst-vor-coronavirus-tv-star-gabrielle-scharnitzky-kundigt-chinesischer-mieterin-AWK4KMS6KNDR5MDI62MJY6TQKQ.html|title=Angst vor Coronavirus: TV-Star Gabrielle Scharnitzky kündigt chinesischer Mieterin|date=11 February 2020|access-date=14 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212170239/https://www.rnd.de/promis/angst-vor-coronavirus-tv-star-gabrielle-scharnitzky-kundigt-chinesischer-mieterin-AWK4KMS6KNDR5MDI62MJY6TQKQ.html|archive-date=12 February 2020|agency=Redaktionsnetzwerk Deutschland}}</ref> The student reportedly informed Scharnitzky in January of her intentions to visit China, though this trip never took place.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Sturm der Liebe: Rassismus-Skandal um SdL-Star |url=https://www.tvmovie.de/news/sturm-der-liebe-rassismus-skandal-um-sdl-star-110140 |work=TVMovie |language=de |date=11 February 2020 |access-date=21 January 2021 |archive-date=3 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703043052/https://www.tvmovie.de/news/sturm-der-liebe-rassismus-skandal-um-sdl-star-110140 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
On 5 February 2020, a Chinese woman in Berlin, who had not visited China in three months, was reportedly turned away by her gynecologist, claiming the coronavirus may infect pregnant women in the clinic.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Beitzer|first=Hannah|url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/panorama/coronavirus-berlin-diskriminierung-medizin-chinesen-1.4785405|title=Ich war seit drei Monaten nicht in China|date=5 February 2020|work=Sueddeutsche Zeitung|access-date=16 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216084529/https://www.sueddeutsche.de/panorama/coronavirus-berlin-diskriminierung-medizin-chinesen-1.4785405|archive-date=16 February 2020}}</ref> In the same month, a Chinese student in [[Essen]] with a sore throat was denied an appointment by a general practitioner over coronavirus fears, despite not having been to China since September 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Fischer|first=Annika|url=https://www.waz.de/region/rhein-und-ruhr/angst-vor-corona-arzt-weist-erkaeltete-chinesin-ab-id228426591.html|title=Angst vor Corona: Arzt weist erkältete Chinesin ab|date=15 February 2020|work=Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung|access-date=16 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216084533/https://www.waz.de/region/rhein-und-ruhr/angst-vor-corona-arzt-weist-erkaeltete-chinesin-ab-id228426591.html|archive-date=16 February 2020}}</ref> She was instead told to go the emergency room, where she was diagnosed with bronchitis.
Line 253:
German football club [[RB Leipzig]] denied entry to a group of twenty Japanese fans over coronavirus fears.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Christenson|first=Marcus|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/mar/02/rb-leipzig-apologise-to-japanese-fans-for-coronavirus-error|title=RB Leipzig apologise to Japanese fans for coronavirus 'error'|date=2 March 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=4 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303011245/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/mar/02/rb-leipzig-apologise-to-japanese-fans-for-coronavirus-error|archive-date=3 March 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> In [[Nuremberg]], locals threw raw eggs at homes owned by Japanese residents.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newsweekjapan.jp/stories/world/2020/03/post-92601.php|title=いよいよドイツもパニックか 買い占めにアジア人差別 日本人も被害に|date=4 March 2020|website=Newsweek日本版|language=ja|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305164413/https://www.newsweekjapan.jp/stories/world/2020/03/post-92601.php|archive-date=5 March 2020|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> According to the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)]], anti-Japanese discrimination has been rising in Germany.<ref name=":04"/>
The embassy of South Korea in Germany warned its citizens of rising anti-Korean violence.<ref name=":11">{{cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/meghara/coronavirus-racism-europe-covid-19|title=Men Yelling "Chinese" Tried To Punch Her Off Her Bike. She's The Latest Victim Of Racist Attacks Linked To Coronavirus.|website=BuzzFeed News|language=en|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314135605/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/meghara/coronavirus-racism-europe-covid-19|archive-date=14 March 2020|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref> In February 2021, a [[Bayern 3|Bayern3]] radio host apologized for comparing the worldwide popularity of the South Korean [[K-pop]] group [[BTS]] to "some crappy virus that hopefully there will be a vaccine for soon as well".<ref>{{Cite news|date=26 February 2021|title=BTS: Radio host apologises for comparing band to covid|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-56218554|access-date=27 February 2021|archive-date=27 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227010920/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-56218554|url-status=live}}</ref> The incident prompted many South Koreans living abroad to express concerns that such remarks would further incite racist violence against them.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 February 2021|title=German radio station apologizes for comment on K-pop's BTS|url=https://apnews.com/article/germany-radio-apologizes-kpop-bts-058022ac915733eb7f86a4070cef3066|access-date=26 February 2021|website=AP NEWS|archive-date=26 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226230006/https://apnews.com/article/germany-radio-apologizes-kpop-bts-058022ac915733eb7f86a4070cef3066|url-status=live}}</ref>
In [[Hamburg]], a German family of Turkish descent had received a threatening letter that allegedly contains the coronavirus.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/turkish-family-receives-racist-coronavirus-infected-letter-as-islamophobia-grows-in-germany/news |title=Turkish family receives racist 'coronavirus-infected' letter as Islamophobia grows in Germany |website=[[Daily Sabah]] |date=2 April 2020 |access-date=29 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413082136/https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/turkish-family-receives-racist-coronavirus-infected-letter-as-islamophobia-grows-in-germany/news |archive-date=13 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
A 2021 [[Institute for Strategic Dialogue]] report for the [[European Commission]] found an increase in antisemitic posts on the German-language [[Telegram (software)|Telegram]], with narratives recasting COVID-19 as a "Zionist bioweapon".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Andreas Kluth |date=9 September 2021 |title=The European Disease That's Mutated Through the Black Death and Covid |language=en |work=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]] |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-09-09/european-anti-semitism-reappears-with-virulent-versions-for-the-covid-era |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220513000542/https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-09-09/european-anti-semitism-reappears-with-virulent-versions-for-the-covid-era%23comments |archive-date=13 May 2022 |access-date=16 June 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2021 |title=Anti-Semitism surged online during pandemic |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/antisemitism-online-coronavirus-pandemic-surge-study/ |website=[[POLITICO Europe]] |language=en-US |access-date=13 May 2022 |archive-date=13 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513051348/https://www.politico.eu/article/antisemitism-online-coronavirus-pandemic-surge-study/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Hungary===
Chinese-owned businesses, including those in the predominantly Asian Józsefváros Market in Budapest, have reported a significant drop in sales, which owners have attributed to the coronavirus. Some businesses have opted to signal to potential customers that they are from another Asian country.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Vass|first1=Ábrahám|url=https://hungarytoday.hu/coronavirus-not-present-anxiety-hungary-chinese/|title=Coronavirus Still Not Present but Anxiety Felt in Hungary|date=5 February 2020|work=Hungary Today|access-date=25 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213224642/https://hungarytoday.hu/coronavirus-not-present-anxiety-hungary-chinese/|archive-date=13 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Ede|first1=Záborszky|url=https://index.hu/gazdasag/2020/02/03/kerulik_a_magyarok_a_kinai_negyedet_de_vilagszerte_fellangolt_az_eloitelet/|title=Kerülik a magyarok a kínai negyedet, világszerte fellángolt az előítélet|date=3 February 2020|work=[[index.hu]]|access-date=25 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204190612/https://index.hu/gazdasag/2020/02/03/kerulik_a_magyarok_a_kinai_negyedet_de_vilagszerte_fellangolt_az_eloitelet/|archive-date=4 February 2020|language=hu}}</ref>
Antisemitic comments have been documented on Hungarian social media alleging that the coronavirus was created by Jews in the US or Zionists in Israel to rule the world. To a lesser extent, some comments also blamed the Chinese for the virus, calling them "yellow Jews" or "the Jews of the East".<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Barna |first1=Ildikó |last2=Knap |first2=Árpád |date=29 December 2021 |title=An exploration of coronavirus-related online antisemitism in Hungary using quantitative topic model and qualitative discourse analysis |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357538130 |journal=Intersections |publication-place=[[Eötvös Loránd University]] |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=88 |doi=10.17356/ieejsp.v7i3.801 |doi-access=free |access-date=13 May 2022 |archive-date=4 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304005932/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357538130_An_exploration_of_coronavirus-related_online_antisemitism_in_Hungary_using_quantitative_topic_model_and_qualitative_discourse_analysis |url-status=live |hdl=10831/109625 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
===Ireland===
On 8 August 2020, two men of Chinese origin, Martin Hong and Arthur Ma, were attacked in a physical and verbal racist assault whilst shopping in a supermarket in [[Cork (city)|Cork]] [[County Cork]]. The assault happened after Martin and Arthur were racially abused by a group of teenagers who were shouting "Chinese virus". Hong and Ma asked the teenagers to repeat what they said after removing their phones. To which the teenagers retaliated by violently punching the pair. An elderly woman raised the alarm by contacting [[Garda Síochána|Gardaí]]. Hong and Ma spent six hours receiving medical care after the pair were admitted to [[Cork University Hospital]]. Gardaí later issued a statement about the incident which was confirmed and they said they were following a "definite line of enquiry".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.irishmirror.ie/news/irish-news/crime/two-chinese-men-assaulted-violent-22535987|title=Two Chinese men assaulted in violent racist attack in Cork|first=Gavin
On 14 August 2020 [[Garda Síochána|Gardaí Síochána]] are investigating a racist verbal and physical assault in [[Dublin]] [[County Dublin]] after a video, which was posted on two separate [[TikTok]] accounts of an Asian woman Xuedan (Shelley) Xiong being filmed, being pushed into the [[Royal Canal]] between [[Castleknock]] and [[Ashtown, Dublin|Ashtown]] by a group of boys who raced towards her on bicycles, as if to push her into the canal after she confronted them for making racial slurs by shouting "[[Coronavirus]]"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.irishmirror.ie/news/irish-news/asian-women-pushed-dublin-canal-22531169|title=Asian woman pushed into Dublin canal by teens in allegedly racist attack says she is afraid to leave her home|first=Laura|last=Lyne|work=Irish Mirror|access-date=29 August 2020|date=17 August 2020|archive-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929083359/https://www.irishmirror.ie/news/irish-news/asian-women-pushed-dublin-canal-22531169|url-status=live}}</ref> towards her. The video was deleted along with the accounts, which were suspended. Xiong is now afraid to leave her home. Xiong was heard telling the group "not to racially discriminate, that's criminal" before some of the boys pushed her into the canal some of the boys were heard mocking her screams and laughing as they cycled off. Gardaí Síochána said the boys are unlikely to be charged or cautioned.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.irishcentral.com/news/gardai-racist-incident-woman-pushed-dublin-canal|title=Gardaí investigating racist incident as Asian woman pushed into Dublin canal|first=Shane|last=
On 4 November 2020, an account alleged to belong to Rebecca Barrett, wife of [[National Party (Ireland, 2016)|National Party]] leader [[Justin Barrett]], tweeted racist remarks towards [[Dublin]] mayor [[Hazel Chu]]. Responding to a Tweet where Chu said she was awake watching the results of the [[2020 United States presidential election]], the account replied "Since you're up anyway, we'll have a sweet and sour chicken, a szechuan beef and two fried rice please. No bat." The tweet was later removed by Twitter.<ref>{{Cite web|last=O'Connor|first=Rachael|title=Mayor of Dublin Hazel Chu hits back at racist harassment on social media|url=https://www.irishpost.com/news/mayor-of-dublin-hazel-chu-hits-back-at-racist-harassment-on-social-media-197021|access-date=16 February 2021|website=The Irish Post|archive-date=16 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116210416/https://www.irishpost.com/news/mayor-of-dublin-hazel-chu-hits-back-at-racist-harassment-on-social-media-197021|url-status=live}}</ref>
In March 2021, a 51-year-old Asian woman was attacked by a dozen male teenagers on [[Henry Street, Dublin|Henry Street]] in Dublin, who circled her, hit her, threw a rubbish bag in her face, filmed her with their phones, and used a racial slur. She stated that, "This is just the latest in the chain of violence and hate crime I've witnessed and [been] subjected to on the streets of Dublin."<ref>{{Cite news|last=O'Riordan|first=Ellen|title=Asian woman says she does not feel safe after attack by teenagers in central Dublin|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/asian-woman-says-she-does-not-feel-safe-after-attack-by-teenagers-in-central-dublin-1.4522791|access-date=9 May 2021|newspaper=The Irish Times|language=en|archive-date=9 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509192752/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/asian-woman-says-she-does-not-feel-safe-after-attack-by-teenagers-in-central-dublin-1.4522791|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Italy===
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People of Chinese descent, as well as those of Filipino origin who were perceived as being "Chinese" reported assaults (some serious enough to require hospitalization), harassment, and being refused services. Some public officials asked students of Chinese/East Asian origin to stay home.<ref name=":9" />
On 24 February 2020, a Chinese man was barred from entering a gas station in [[Cassola]] in [[Vicenza, Veneto]] and was told "You have coronavirus, you cannot enter!" at which point somebody broke a bottle on his head causing severe injuries.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.open.online/2020/02/26/lincubo-di-essere-cinesi-in-italia-con-il-coronavirus-un-ragazzo-preso-a-bottigliate-in-veneto|title=L'incubo di essere cinesi in Italia con il coronavirus: Un ragazzo preso a bottigliate in Veneto|website=Open online|date=26 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226233834/https://www.open.online/2020/02/26/lincubo-di-essere-cinesi-in-italia-con-il-coronavirus-un-ragazzo-preso-a-bottigliate-in-veneto/|archive-date=26 February 2020|access-date=26 February 2020}}</ref> The same day, an elderly Filipino pensioner was attacked and punched in a supermarket in the town of Mariano Comense, in Como, Lombardy. Singer and TV personality [[Francesco Facchinetti]] was seen intervening and defending the victim.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/3052961/has-coronavirus-prompted-rise-racist-incidents-across-europe|title=Has coronavirus prompted rise in racist incidents across Europe?|website=South China Morning Post|date=29 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301081027/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/3052961/has-coronavirus-prompted-rise-racist-incidents-across-europe|archive-date=1 March 2020|access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref>
Veneto regional governor [[Luca Zaia]] apologized after claiming the Chinese eat live mice.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/03/01/world/italy-china-eat-live-mice/|title=Italian Regional Chief Sorry for Saying Chinese Eat 'Live Mice'|website=[[Japan Times]]|date=March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303031610/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/03/01/world/italy-china-eat-live-mice/#.XlzcPKgzbIU|archive-date=3 March 2020|access-date=1 March 2020}}</ref>
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===Netherlands===
Dutch public broadcasting news network [[Nederlandse Omroep Stichting|NOS]] has reported that on many of its Facebook and Instagram posts about the coronavirus, there have been a great number of "racist, discriminating and anti-Chinese comments". Dutch residents of Asian descent report having been called out as carriers of the coronavirus during their commute, in the supermarket, in school, and on social media.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nos.nl/l/2321252|title=Nageroepen vanwege het coronavirus: 'Dit is geen excuus om racistisch te zijn'|website=nos.nl|date=February 2020
On 6 February 2020, radio DJ [[:nl:Lex Gaarthuis|Lex Gaarthuis]] presented his [[Carnival in the Netherlands|Carnaval]] song "Voorkomen is beter dan Chinezen" (a [[pun]] on the proverb {{Lang|nl|Voorkomen is beter dan genezen}}{{snd}}"prevention is better than cure"{{snd}}with ''Chinezen'' referring to both Chinese people and eating Chinese food) on national radio station [[Radio 10 (Netherlands)|Radio 10]] under his alter ego Toon, which includes the lyrics "we can't have the virus in our country, it is all caused by these stinking Chinese people" and "don't eat Chinese food". After many complaints were issued against Radio 10 and Gaarthuis, primarily by the [[Chinese people in the Netherlands|Chinese community in the Netherlands]], both the station and artist made formal apologies, with Gaarthuis saying the song was meant to be satirical but had overshot its mark.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hartvannederland.nl/nieuws/2020/chinezen-woest-om-corona-carnavalslied-voorkomen-is-beter-dan-chinezen/|title=Chinezen woest om corona-carnavalslied 'Voorkomen is beter dan Chinezen'|newspaper=Hartvannederland|language=nl|access-date=8 February 2020|archive-date=27 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227153611/https://www.hartvannederland.nl/nieuws/2020/chinezen-woest-om-corona-carnavalslied-voorkomen-is-beter-dan-chinezen/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ironically, the virus was spread significantly during the Carnaval period.<ref>{{cite web |title=First Dutch coronavirus victim was in Italy and celebrated Carnaval |url=https://www.dutchnews.nl/news/2020/02/first-dutch-coronavirus-victim-was-in-italy-and-celebrated-carnaval-media/ |website=Dutchnews |date=28 February 2020 |access-date=24 July 2020 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803180544/https://www.dutchnews.nl/news/2020/02/first-dutch-coronavirus-victim-was-in-italy-and-celebrated-carnaval-media/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=van Duin |first1=Joris |title=Carnaval was waarschijnlijk katalysator van verspreiding coronavirus in Brabant |url=https://www.omroepbrabant.nl/nieuws/3179536/carnaval-was-waarschijnlijk-katalysator-van-verspreiding-coronavirus-in-brabant |website=Omroep Brabant |date=28 March 2020 |access-date=24 July 2020 |archive-date=24 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724173919/https://www.omroepbrabant.nl/nieuws/3179536/carnaval-was-waarschijnlijk-katalysator-van-verspreiding-coronavirus-in-brabant |url-status=live }}</ref>
On 8 February 2020, a group of Chinese students living in a student dormitory of [[Wageningen University and Research|Wageningen University]] discovered that their floor had been vandalized. Damages included a [[Flag of China|Chinese flag]] torn from a student's door and shredded and walls defaced with English language insults such as "Die, Chinese" and "Chinese Corona".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hartvannederland.nl/nieuws/2020/discriminerende-teksten-studentenflat/|title=Chinese studenten in Wageningen opgeschrikt door doodsverwensingen|newspaper=Hartvannederland|language=nl|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210210351/https://www.hartvannederland.nl/nieuws/2020/discriminerende-teksten-studentenflat/|archive-date=10 February 2020|access-date=10 February 2020}}</ref> [[Law enforcement in the Netherlands|Dutch police]] investigated the incident, but no suspects have been identified.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gelderlander.nl/wageningen/studentenflat-bornsesteeg-niet-direct-op-slot-na-anti-chinese-uitlatingen~a24de72e/|title=Studentenflat Bornsesteeg niet direct op slot na anti-Chinese uitlatingen|website=gelderlander.nl|language=nl|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211124928/https://www.gelderlander.nl/wageningen/studentenflat-bornsesteeg-niet-direct-op-slot-na-anti-chinese-uitlatingen~a24de72e/|archive-date=11 February 2020|access-date=10 February 2020}}</ref>
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On 10 February 2020, a 65-year-old Dutch man of Chinese descent was kicked off his bicycle in [[Amsterdam]] by two young men on a [[Scooter (motorcycle)|scooter]]. One of the culprits filmed the incident and uploaded it to his [[Snapchat]] story. He later downplayed criticism saying "don't you worry guys, it was a Chinese man"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraaf.nl/nieuws/473583260/onderzoek-naar-racistische-fietsschopper|title=Onderzoek naar 'racistische' fietsschopper|date=11 February 2020|website=De Telegraaf|language=nl|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301101114/https://www.telegraaf.nl/nieuws/473583260/onderzoek-naar-racistische-fietsschopper|archive-date=1 March 2020|access-date=1 March 2020}}</ref> and turned himself in to police only after becoming the target of widespread [[Internet vigilantism]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.parool.nl/amsterdam/heksenjacht-op-jongens-na-mishandelen-oudere-fietser-speel-niet-voor-eigen-rechter~bacfe051/|title=Heksenjacht op jongens na mishandelen oudere fietser: 'Speel niet voor eigen rechter'|date=11 February 2020|website=Het Parool|language=nl|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302002944/https://www.parool.nl/amsterdam/heksenjacht-op-jongens-na-mishandelen-oudere-fietser-speel-niet-voor-eigen-rechter~bacfe051/|archive-date=2 March 2020|access-date=1 March 2020}}</ref>
On a [[KLM]] flight from Amsterdam to Seoul on 11 February 2020, flight attendants put up a sign in [[Korean language|Korean]] discouraging passengers from using a restroom on the plane allegedly reserved for the flight crew, apparently out of fear of the coronavirus.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kim|first1=Da-Sol|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20200214000523|title=KLM apologizes after being accused of coronavirus racism|date=14 February 2020|work=The Korea Herald|access-date=14 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214145238/http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20200214000523|archive-date=14 February 2020}}</ref> A spokesman for the airline has since issued an apology, stating "we are deeply sorry that this was viewed as discrimination, which was absolutely not the intention of the crew" and that it is not company policy to reserve specific lavatories for flight crew.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Smith|first1=Josh|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-southkorea-klm/klm-apologizes-after-airliner-crews-coronavirus-toilet-note-sparks-outrage-in-south-korea-idUSKBN2080NE|title=KLM apologizes after airliner crew's coronavirus toilet note sparks outrage in South Korea|date=14 February 2020|access-date=14 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214144816/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-southkorea-klm/klm-apologizes-after-airliner-crews-coronavirus-toilet-note-sparks-outrage-in-south-korea-idUSKBN2080NE|archive-date=14 February 2020|work=Reuters|last2=Cha|first2=Sangmi}}</ref> Many Koreans and Dutch people of Korean descent have reported a spate of anti-Korean incidents, from vandalism of their homes to violent assaults and harassment, and more than 150 Korean expat respondents in an online survey indicated they had experienced a xenophobic incident.<ref name=":12">{{cite web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/gs-b563944c|title=Uitgescholden en bedreigd, want 'alle Chinezen hebben corona'|last=Misérus|first=Mark|date=11 March 2020|website=de Volkskrant|language=nl-NL|access-date=14 March 2020|archive-date=19 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319123736/https://www.volkskrant.nl/gs-b563944c|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":11" />
On the evening of 22 February 2020, a 24-year-old Dutch student of Chinese descent was assaulted by a group of students in her dormitory in [[Tilburg]], suffering a concussion and knife wounds, after she asked them to stop singing Gaarthuis' Carnaval song.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtlnieuws.nl/nieuws/nederland/artikel/5032246/corona-carnaval-aangifte-tilburg-politie-chinese-coronalied|title=Chinees-Nederlandse Cindy (24) mishandeld na opmerking over coronalied|date=23 February 2020|website=RTL Nieuws|language=nl|access-date=25 February 2020|archive-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317045002/https://www.rtlnieuws.nl/nieuws/nederland/artikel/5032246/corona-carnaval-aangifte-tilburg-politie-chinese-coronalied|url-status=live}}</ref>
In late February 2020, the [[Japanese School of Amsterdam]] cautioned parents not to bring their children to playgrounds and other places frequented by local children, amidst a spate of violent bullying incidents targeting Japanese children.<ref name=":12" />
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On 16 March 2020, a residence in [[Diemen]] was smeared with words reading "Kankerchinees corona" ("cancerous Chinese corona" in English), which was publicly denounced by Mayor [[:nl:Erik Boog|Erik Boog]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhnieuws.nl/nieuws/263947/huis-in-diemen-beklad-met-racistische-leus-vanwege-coronavirus|title=Huis in Diemen beklad met racistische leus vanwege coronavirus|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318231433/https://www.nhnieuws.nl/nieuws/263947/huis-in-diemen-beklad-met-racistische-leus-vanwege-coronavirus|archive-date=18 March 2020|access-date=18 March 2020}}</ref>
On 21 June 2020, a teenager of Korean descent fell victim to a group assault in a [[Zaandam]] park. The teen was kicked in the head, blamed for the coronavirus, and one of his assailants attempted to steal a mobile phone.<ref>{{cite news|date=22 June 2020|title=Aziatische jongen slachtoffer racistisch geweld in Zaandam|url=https://www.bnnvara.nl/joop/artikelen/aziatisch-jongen-slachtoffer-racistisch-geweld-in-zaandam|language=nl|work=[[BNNVARA|Joop.nl]]|access-date=21 November 2022|archive-date=20 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120235718/https://www.bnnvara.nl/joop/artikelen/aziatisch-jongen-slachtoffer-racistisch-geweld-in-zaandam|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Quekel|first1=Sebastiaan|last2=Koenes|first2=Ruben|date=23 June 2020|title=Yanii (16) moet onder dwang sorry zeggen en krijgt trap in gezicht: 'Wie is de baas?'|url=https://www.ad.nl/binnenland/yanii-16-moet-onder-dwang-sorry-zeggen-en-krijgt-trap-in-gezicht-wie-is-de-baas~a83c9808/|language=nl|work=[[Algemeen Dagblad]]|access-date=21 November 2022|archive-date=20 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120235718/https://www.ad.nl/binnenland/yanii-16-moet-onder-dwang-sorry-zeggen-en-krijgt-trap-in-gezicht-wie-is-de-baas~a83c9808/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 4 July, a 16-year-old boy was arrested on suspicion of attempted [[manslaughter]].<ref name="yanii">{{cite news|date=8 July 2020|title=Verdachte aangehouden voor schoppen Aziatische Yanii (16) tegen hoofd|url=https://www.nhnieuws.nl/nieuws/269872/verdachte-aangehouden-voor-schoppen-aziatische-yanii-16-tegen-hoofd|language=nl|work=[[NH (media company)|NH Nieuws]]|location=[[Zaandam]]|access-date=21 November 2022|archive-date=20 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120235715/https://www.nhnieuws.nl/nieuws/269872/verdachte-aangehouden-voor-schoppen-aziatische-yanii-16-tegen-hoofd|url-status=live}}</ref> Police interrogated a 13-year-old boy who filmed the incident and the [[Public Prosecution Service (Netherlands)|Public Prosecution Service]] did not rule out further arrests.<ref name="yanii"/>
=== Poland ===
In May 2020, the Polish-based "NEVER AGAIN" Association published its report titled "The Virus of Hate: The Brown Book of Epidemic". It documented acts of racism, xenophobia and discrimination that occurred in the wake of coronavirus in Poland. The 40 pages long report recorded numerous attacks on the representatives of minorities on the background of accusations of spreading the virus, as well as cases of spreading hate speech and conspiracy theories about the epidemic by the extreme right.<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 2020|title=The Virus of Hate: Brown Book of the Epidemic|url=https://www.nigdywiecej.org/docstation/com_docstation/172/the_virus_of_hate.pdf|website=NEVER AGAIN Association|access-date=28 September 2021|archive-date=29 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629120438/https://www.nigdywiecej.org/docstation/com_docstation/172/the_virus_of_hate.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://wyborcza.pl/7,173236,25942497,they-beat-cough-and-spit-racist-hate-is-on-the-rise-during.html |title=They beat, cough and spit. Racist incidents are on the rise during the epidemic |language=en |date=13 May 2020 |first1=Piotr |last1=Żytnicki |first2=Sylwia |last2=Sałwacka |website=wyborcza.pl |access-date=28 September 2021 |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118183201/https://wyborcza.pl/7,173236,25942497,they-beat-cough-and-spit-racist-hate-is-on-the-rise-during.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Russia===
In Moscow and [[Yekaterinburg]], Chinese nationals are targeted by quarantine enforcing campaigns, as well as police raids, which were condemned as racial profiling.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/world/russia-central-asia/article/3051964/chinese-targeted-russia-raids-coronavirus-fears|title=Chinese targeted in Russia raids as coronavirus fears spread|date=23 February 2020|access-date=24 February 2020|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318151130/https://www.scmp.com/news/world/russia-central-asia/article/3051964/chinese-targeted-russia-raids-coronavirus-fears|url-status=live}}</ref>
In [[Blagoveshchensk]], at least one hotel has barred Chinese nationals from booking rooms, and markets operated by people of Chinese origin have seen their sales plummeting.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Higgins|first=Andrew|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/24/world/europe/coronavirus-russia-china-commerce.html|title=Businesses 'Getting Killed' on Russian Border as Coronavirus Fears Rise|date=24 February 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=24 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225232229/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/24/world/europe/coronavirus-russia-china-commerce.html|archive-date=25 February 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
According to an Ipsos MORI poll conducted in February 2020, 37% of Russian respondents would consider avoiding people of Chinese origin, the highest of the eight countries surveyed.<ref name=":10" /> On the other hand, an October 2020 poll from the Central European Institute of Asian Studies<ref name=":15">{{Cite web|date=16 November 2020|title=Poll: The EU Has Solid Common Ground When It Comes To China|url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/11/poll-the-eu-has-solid-common-ground-when-it-comes-to-china/|website=[[The Diplomat]]|language=en-US|access-date=20 September 2021|archive-date=16 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116152150/https://thediplomat.com/2020/11/poll-the-eu-has-solid-common-ground-when-it-comes-to-china/|url-status=live}}</ref> found that Russian respondents were the least likely to blame China for COVID-19 out of the 13 European countries surveyed.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020|title=Russian public opinion on China in the age of COVID-19 (page 5)|url=https://ceias.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/RUS-poll-report.pdf|website=Central European Institute of Asian Studies|access-date=20 September 2021|archive-date=16 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916123705/https://ceias.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/RUS-poll-report.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Sweden===
It was reported on 20 May 2020 that a Chinese student and his girlfriend were racially harassed and assaulted in [[Stockholm]] due to wearing masks. A man hit the couple in the face and head, which resulted in injuries for both victims, including a concussion for the female victim.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thelocal.se/20200520/we-experienced-a-racist-assault-for-wearing-face-masks |title='We experienced a racist assault for wearing face masks in Stockholm' |newspaper=The Local Sweden |date=20 May 2020 |access-date=29 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603061626/https://www.thelocal.se/20200520/we-experienced-a-racist-assault-for-wearing-face-masks |archive-date=3 June 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Individuals have been bullied,<ref>{{cite web |title=Mamman: De kallade min son för smittspridare |url=https://www.hd.se/2020-02-07/mamman-de-kallade-min-son-for-ett-virus |website=HD |date=7 February 2020 |access-date=9 May 2021 |archive-date=2 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502184017/https://www.hd.se/2020-02-07/mamman-de-kallade-min-son-for-ett-virus |url-status=live }}</ref> forced to leave public transportation<ref>{{cite news |last1=Olsson |first1=Claes |title=Dottern ombads kliva av spårvagnen – på grund av coronaoro |url=https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/AdMLVn/dottern-ombads-kliva-av-sparvagnen--pa-grund-av-coronaoro |access-date=9 May 2021 |work=Aftonbladet |date=March 2020 |archive-date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509154624/https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/AdMLVn/dottern-ombads-kliva-av-sparvagnen--pa-grund-av-coronaoro |url-status=live }}</ref> and physically abused.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bergsten |first1=Susanné |title=Attackerad och avskydd – Att vara av asiatiskt påbrå i Sverige under COVID-19 |date=8 April 2020 |url=https://www.hrw.org/sv/news/2020/04/08/340368 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |access-date=9 May 2021 |archive-date=14 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414065407/https://www.hrw.org/sv/news/2020/04/08/340368 |url-status=live }}</ref>
An October 2020 poll from the Central European Institute of Asian Studies<ref name=":15" /> had more than half of Swedish respondents agreeing that COVID-19 spread due to Chinese people eating bats and other wild animals, which was a higher percentage than the other 12 European countries surveyed.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020|title=European public opinion on China in the age of COVID-19 (pages 9 and 24)|url=https://ceias.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/COMP-poll-report_3.pdf|website=Central European Institute of Asian Studies|access-date=20 September 2021|archive-date=20 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920212924/https://ceias.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/COMP-poll-report_3.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
===United Kingdom===
On 12 February 2020, [[Sky News]] reported that some [[British Chinese]] said they were facing increasing levels of racist abuse.<ref>{{cite web|first=Dan |last=Whitehead|url=https://news.sky.com/story/coronavirus-chinese-people-face-abuse-in-the-street-over-outbreak-11931779|title='You deserve the coronavirus': Chinese people in UK abused over outbreak|publisher=Sky News|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212173731/https://news.sky.com/story/coronavirus-chinese-people-face-abuse-in-the-street-over-outbreak-11931779|archive-date=12 February 2020|access-date=25 February 2020}}</ref> It was recorded that hate crimes against British Chinese people between January and March 2020 have tripled the
Verbal abuse has been one of the common forms of racism experienced by British Chinese. Just before the lockdown in February 2020, British Chinese children recalled experiences of fear and frustration due to bullying and name calling in their schools.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Burrows |first1=Tom |title=British Chinese children talk about racism and the impact on their lives – CBBC Newsround |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/56735573 |access-date=21 April 2021 |work=BBC Newsround |date=14 April 2021 |archive-date=21 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421011627/https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/56735573 |url-status=live }}</ref> According to a June 2020 poll, 76% of British Chinese had received racial slurs at least once, and 50% regularly received racial slurs, a significantly higher frequency than experienced by any other racial minority.<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 2020|title=YouGov Survey Results|url=https://docs.cdn.yougov.com/6pg6w1fadp/YouGov%20Racism%20BAME%20June%202020%202.pdf|access-date=21 February 2020|website=YouGov|archive-date=1 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801040537/https://docs.cdn.yougov.com/6pg6w1fadp/YouGov%20Racism%20BAME%20June%202020%202.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
Anti-Chinese racism has also had effects on Chinese-owned businesses. Many, including the busy [[British Chinese cuisine|Chinese takeaway]] segment and businesses in [[Chinatown, London|Chinatown]], London recorded significantly reduced customers in the aftermath of the coronavirus outbreak compared to usual elevated sales related to [[Chinese New Year]] celebrations, due to fears of coronavirus spreading through food or unhygienic working practices.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Iqbal|first=Nosheen|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/01/coronavirus-weaponised-way-to-be-openly-racist|title=Coronavirus fears fuel racism and hostility, say British-Chinese|date=1 February 2020|work=The Observer|access-date=6 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203232009/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/01/coronavirus-weaponised-way-to-be-openly-racist|archive-date=3 February 2020|issn=0029-7712}}</ref><ref name="bbc">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-england-london-51361930/londoners-experiencing-racism-over-coronavirus|title=Is xenophobia spreading with the coronavirus?|work=BBC News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205192739/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-england-london-51361930/londoners-experiencing-racism-over-coronavirus|archive-date=5 February 2020|access-date=6 February 2020}}</ref>
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A 24-year-old [[Thais in the United Kingdom|Thai]] tax consultant in London was violently assaulted and robbed by two teenagers yelling "coronavirus" at the man.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/16/they-yelled-coronavirus-first-british-attack-victim-east-asian-man|title=D'They yelled Coronavirus' – East Asian attack victim speaks of fear|date=16 February 2020|website=The Guardian|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217162940/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/16/they-yelled-coronavirus-first-british-attack-victim-east-asian-man|archive-date=17 February 2020|access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref> In [[Solihull]], a woman of Chinese origin was allegedly called "a dirty [[Chink]]" and told "Take your fucking coronavirus back home!" A woman of Indian origin who tried to intervene was beaten up and later hospitalised.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/other-news/indian-origin-woman-in-uk-beaten-for-trying-to-save-chinese-from-racist-attack-over-coronavirus/articleshow/74288736.cms|title=Indian-origin woman in UK beaten for trying to save Chinese from racist attack over coronavirus|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=1 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301100503/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/other-news/indian-origin-woman-in-uk-beaten-for-trying-to-save-chinese-from-racist-attack-over-coronavirus/articleshow/74288736.cms|archive-date=1 March 2020}}</ref>
On 24 February 2020,<!--Jonathan Mok, a 23-year-old--> a [[Chinese Singaporeans|Singaporean Chinese]] student at [[University College London]] was beaten up when walking past a group who shouted "I don't want your coronavirus in my country". He suffered fractures on his face and bruises on his eye.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singaporean-student-in-london-seeks-eyewitnesses-after-coronavirus-related-taunt-and|title=Coronavirus: UK police investigating 'racially motivated' attack on Singaporean student in London|date=3 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|last1=Iau|first1=Jean|access-date=3 March 2020|archive-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316110631/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singaporean-student-in-london-seeks-eyewitnesses-after-coronavirus-related-taunt-and|url-status=live}}</ref> Two teenagers have been arrested in relation to the incident.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-51771355|title=Teens arrested over racist coronavirus attack|date=6 March 2020|work=BBC News|access-date=13 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309101013/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-51771355|archive-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> One of the teenagers was sentenced to serve an 18-month youth rehabilitation order on 28 January 2021.<!--cases still pending as of April 2021--><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/courts-crime/teen-handed-18-month-rehabilitation-order-for-racially-motivated-attack-on|title=Teen handed 18-month rehabilitation order for racially motivated attack on Singapore student in London|website=The Straits Times (Singapore)|date=28 January 2021|access-date=24 April 2021|archive-date=20 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420135546/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/courts-crime/teen-handed-18-month-rehabilitation-order-for-racially-motivated-attack-on|url-status=live}}</ref>
In March 2020, in Exeter, there had been six separate racially-motivated physical assaults against Asian people, including three assaults against Chinese teenagers reported in a 24-hour period.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Preston-Ellis|first1=Rom|url=https://www.devonlive.com/news/devon-news/asian-teens-punched-kicked-spat-3922546|title=Asian teens punched, kicked and spat at in three separate racist coronavirus attacks in Exeter in just one day|date=6 March 2020|work=Devon Live|access-date=23 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323225023/https://www.devonlive.com/news/devon-news/asian-teens-punched-kicked-spat-3922546|archive-date=23 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
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A Vietnamese art curator was dropped as an assistant for an exhibit of contemporary Vietnamese fine art at the [[Affordable Art Fair]]. Raquelle Azran, the dealer in charge of the exhibit, explained in an email that she could no longer participate because "Asians are being seen as carriers of the virus" and that the presence of a Vietnamese curator "would unfortunately create hesitation on the part of the audience to enter the exhibition space".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Busby|first1=Mattha|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/05/vietnamese-curator-dropped-because-of-coronavirus-prejudice|title=Vietnamese curator dropped because of 'coronavirus prejudice'|date=6 March 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=6 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306001214/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/05/vietnamese-curator-dropped-because-of-coronavirus-prejudice|archive-date=6 March 2020}}</ref>
An [[NHS]] nurse of Asian descent stated she was assaulted and racially abused by a couple at a train station during her commute for a nightshift at a hospital.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Coates |first1=Melanie |s2cid=214798131 |title=Covid-19 and the rise of racism |journal=BMJ |date=6 April 2020 |volume=369 |pages=m1384 |doi=10.1136/bmj.m1384 |pmid=32253178 |url=https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/369/bmj.m1384.full.pdf |access-date=29 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410214411/https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/369/bmj.m1384.full.pdf |archive-date=10 April 2020 |url-status=live |doi-access=free }}</ref> In February 2021, a [[University of Southampton]] lecturer of Chinese descent was beaten by a group of men and had various racist slurs yelled at him.<ref>{{Cite news|date=26 February 2021|title=University of Southampton lecturer 'beaten up in racist attack'|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-hampshire-56209881|access-date=27 February 2021|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421013258/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-hampshire-56209881|url-status=live}}</ref>
Some right-wing social media users have spread Islamophobic conspiracy theories and fake videos of Muslims flouting social distancing measures and being prone to spreading the virus.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awan |first=Imran |date=24 April 2020 |title=Coronavirus: conspiracy theories and fake videos fuel rise in Islamophobia |url=http://theconversation.com/coronavirus-conspiracy-theories-and-fake-videos-fuel-rise-in-islamophobia-137107 |website=The Conversation |language=en |access-date=13 May 2022 |archive-date=31 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331225153/https://theconversation.com/coronavirus-conspiracy-theories-and-fake-videos-fuel-rise-in-islamophobia-137107 |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Romanis===
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==North America==
===Canada===
A national report, funded by the [[Government of Canada]] and conducted as a collaboration with the [[Chinese Canadian National Council]]{{snd}}Toronto Chapter, Project 107, [[Vancouver Asian Film Festival]] and the Chinese Canadian National Council for Social Justice, revealed there were 600 documented anti-Asian incidents reported in the country since the start of the pandemic.<ref name="CCNC-SJ">{{cite web|url=https://ccncsj.ca/more-anti-asian-racist-incidents-reported-per-capita-in-canada-than-us-according-to-first-national-report/|title=More Anti-Asian Racist Incidents Reported Per Capita in Canada than US According to First National Report|date=9 September 2020|website=CCNC-SJ|language=en|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=13 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013140347/https://ccncsj.ca/more-anti-asian-racist-incidents-reported-per-capita-in-canada-than-us-according-to-first-national-report/|url-status=live}}</ref> It revealed that [[East Asian Canadians|East Asians]] suffered the most attacks at 83%, followed by [[Southeast Asian]]s at 7%, [[South Asian Canadians|South Asians]] at 2%, mixed-race or biracial Canadians at 1.5% and [[Indigenous peoples in Canada|Indigenous Canadians]] at 1%.<ref name="CCNC-SJ"/>
On 26 January 2020, Peter Akman, a reporter who was with ''[[CTV Television Network|CTV News]]'', tweeted an image of his Asian barber in a mask and said, "Hopefully all I got today was a haircut."<ref name="Smith">{{cite web|url=https://www.straight.com/news/1354031/journalist-peter-akman-no-longer-works-ctv-after-infamous-coronavirus-tweet|title=Journalist Peter Akman no longer works for CTV after infamous coronavirus tweet|date=30 January 2020|last=Smith|first=Charlie|website=The Georgia Straight|access-date=3 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201000423/https://www.straight.com/news/1354031/journalist-peter-akman-no-longer-works-ctv-after-infamous-coronavirus-tweet|archive-date=1 February 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was fired after the tweet was reported.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.freshdaily.ca/news/2020/01/ctv-peter-akman-coronavirus/|title=CTV fires journalist after outrage over coronavirus tweet|website=freshdaily.ca |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203032622/https://www.freshdaily.ca/news/2020/01/ctv-peter-akman-coronavirus/|archive-date=3 February 2020|access-date=3 February 2020}}</ref>
On 29 January 2020, [[Theresa Tam]], [[Chief Public Health Officer of Canada]] and head of the [[Public Health Agency of Canada]], expressed her concern. Tam, who is originally from Hong Kong, tweeted that "I am concerned about the growing number of reports of racism and stigmatizing comments on social media directed to people of Chinese and Asian descent related to 2019-nCoV coronavirus."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/canada-s-top-doctor-calls-out-racism-and-stigmatizing-comments-over-coronavirus-1.4790762|title=Canada's top doctor calls out 'racism and stigmatizing comments' over coronavirus|last=Flanagan|first=Ryan|date=30 January 2020|website=CTVNews|language=en|access-date=19 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206161416/https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/canada-s-top-doctor-calls-out-racism-and-stigmatizing-comments-over-coronavirus-1.4790762|archive-date=6 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
''[[The Nation]]'' reported on 7{{
Several incidents of violent assaults against women of Asian descent have been reported.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web|title=Asian Canadian women abused, punched, spat on. Is it racist maskaphobia?|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/world/united-states-canada/article/3084090/coronavirus-asian-women-canada-are-abused-punched|date=13 May 2020|website=South China Morning Post|language=en|access-date=17 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515002800/https://www.scmp.com/news/world/united-states-canada/article/3084090/coronavirus-asian-women-canada-are-abused-punched|archive-date=15 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
According to an [[Angus Reid Institute]]/[[University of Alberta]] survey on 22 June 2020, 64% of [[Chinese Canadians|Chinese-Canadian]] respondents reported some level of disrespect during COVID-19,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mcmaster|first=Geoff|date=7 July 2020|title=Majority of Chinese-Canadians say they've experienced discrimination because of COVID-19: study|url=https://www.ualberta.ca/folio/2020/07/majority-of-chinese-canadians-say-theyve-experienced-discrimination-because-of-covid-19-study.html|access-date=24 November 2020|publisher=[[University of Alberta]]|archive-date=23 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210223062829/https://www.ualberta.ca/folio/2020/07/majority-of-chinese-canadians-say-theyve-experienced-discrimination-because-of-covid-19-study.html|url-status=live}}</ref> 50% of them had experienced verbal abuse, and 29% had experienced physical attacks. 64% of respondents also felt coverage from North American news outlets had led to negative views of ethnically Chinese people in Canada.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 June 2020|title=Blame, bullying and disrespect: Chinese Canadians reveal their experiences with racism during COVID-19|url=http://angusreid.org/racism-chinese-canadians-covid19/|access-date=26 June 2020|publisher=Angus Reid Institute|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626185429/https://angusreid.org/racism-chinese-canadians-covid19/|archive-date=26 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Almost One Third Of Chinese Canadians Report Being Physically Attacked During COVID-19|url=https://www.antihate.ca/_almost_one_third_of_chinese_canadians|access-date=26 June 2020|website=Canadian Anti-Hate Network|date=22 June 2020 |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625003955/https://www.antihate.ca/_almost_one_third_of_chinese_canadians|archive-date=25 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
In Vancouver, anti-Asian hate crimes grew 717% between 2019 and 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 February 2021|title=Hate crimes up 97% overall in Vancouver last year, anti-Asian hate crimes up 717%|url=https://bc.ctvnews.ca/hate-crimes-up-97-overall-in-vancouver-last-year-anti-asian-hate-crimes-up-717-1.5314307|access-date=24 February 2021|website=British Columbia|language=en}}</ref>
====Alberta====
In [[Calgary]] a man was arrested for spitting on an Asian woman on a [[Longboard (skateboard)|longboard]] at a park and calling her a "stupid [[chink]]". The man also spit on a white couple behind the Asian woman.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Man arrested for alleged racial attack on Calgary woman|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/we-are-outraged-cyclist-spits-at-calgary-woman-calls-her-a-racial-slur-on-park-path|access-date=20 July 2020|website=National Post|date=20 July 2020|language=en
Also in Calgary, a man was charged with hate crimes for verbally attacking a Chinese-Canadian man with racial slurs.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Man arrested for alleged racial attack on Calgary woman|last=Sidhu|first=Ina |url=https://calgary.ctvnews.ca/calgary-man-charged-in-hate-crime-investigation-1.5125197|access-date=29 September 2020|website=CTV News|date=29 September 2020|language=en
On 23 December 2021, [[Alberta Premier]] [[Jason Kenney]] likened the origins of COVID-19 to a "bat soup thing out of Wuhan".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kenney's Wuhan bat soup comment draws criticism, premier's office claims 'scientific theory' far from racist|last=White|first=Ryan |url=https://calgary.ctvnews.ca/kenney-s-wuhan-bat-soup-comment-draws-criticism-premier-s-office-claims-scientific-theory-far-from-racist-1.5718219|access-date=20 January 2022|website=CTV News Calgary|date=23 December 2021|language=en
====British Columbia====
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A survey of 1,600 adults conducted by ResearchCo and obtained by the [[Agence France-Presse]] revealed one in four Canadians of Asian descent (70% of whom were of Chinese descent) who lived in British Columbia knew someone within their household who had faced discrimination.<ref name="ResearchCosurvey">{{Cite news|url=https://au.news.yahoo.com/chinese-canada-target-increased-hate-during-pandemic-015810198--spt.html|title=Chinese in Canada a target of increased hate during pandemic|access-date=28 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605184721/https://au.news.yahoo.com/chinese-canada-target-increased-hate-during-pandemic-015810198--spt.html|archive-date=5 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The survey also revealed 24 percent of Canadians of South Asian descent reported racist insults.<ref name="ResearchCosurvey"/> Canadians of Indigenous origin had also reported discrimination.<ref name="ResearchCosurvey"/>
On 1 May 2021 at 3{{
====>
In the [[Greater Toronto Area]], Chinese restaurants have reported a drop in sales of thirty to eighty percent.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Chinese restaurants in GTA see large drop in sales in weeks after coronavirus outbreak|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/toronto/article-chinese-restaurants-in-gta-see-large-drop-in-sales-in-weeks-after/|url-status=live|access-date=18 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213203335/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/toronto/article-chinese-restaurants-in-gta-see-large-drop-in-sales-in-weeks-after/|archive-date=13 February 2020}}</ref>
On 28 January 2020, nine thousand parents of a school district in the [[Regional Municipality of York|York Region]], just north of [[Toronto]] signed a [[petition]] calling on the [[York Region District School Board]] to keep students whose family have visited China home from school for seventeen days, and that schools keep track of these students' travels and inform other parents so they could decide whether to pull their kids out of class. The York Region School Board rejected the petition, saying it could potentially stoke racism.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/28/canada-chinese-community-battles-racist-backlash-amid-coronavirus-outbreak|title=Canada's Chinese community faces racist abuse in wake of coronavirus|last=Cecco|first=Leyland|date=28 January 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=3 February 2020 |issn=0261-3077|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130173529/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/28/canada-chinese-community-battles-racist-backlash-amid-coronavirus-outbreak|archive-date=30 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/coronavirus-chinese-stigma-york-regional-school-board-1.5443128|title=Ontario school board concerned parents' petition prompted by coronavirus fears could stoke racism|last=Brown|first=Desmond|date=28 January 2020|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205145237/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/coronavirus-chinese-stigma-york-regional-school-board-1.5443128|archive-date=5 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
In April 2020, Dipanjan Basu, a [[University of Waterloo]] engineering professor posted anti-Chinese messages on his personal Facebook account, for which he later apologized.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.therecord.com/news-story/9921752-uw-professor-apologizes-for-anti-chinese-posts-on-social-media/|title=UW professor apologizes for anti-Chinese posts on social media|last=
In [[Markham, Ontario]], police arrested an individual and charged an individual implicated in six assaults against Asian women.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wilson |first1=Kerrisa |title=Man charged after hate-motivated attacks against Asian victims in Markham |url=https://www.cp24.com/news/man-charged-after-hate-motivated-attacks-against-asian-victims-in-markham-1.5360306 |access-date=13 April 2021 |agency=CP24 |date=24 March 2021}}</ref>
In another incident in [[Scarborough, Ontario|Scarborough]], a man was assaulted while ordering food. Anti-Asian statements were uttered by the attacker. Police
====Quebec====
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| name = COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act
| fullname = To facilitate the expedited review of COVID-19 hate crimes, and for other purposes.
| effective date =
| enacted by = 117th
| introducedby = [[Mazie Hirono]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]–[[Hawaii|HI]])
| introducedbill = [https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/937 S. 937]
| introducedin = Senate
| introduceddate =
| passedbody1 = Senate
| passeddate1 =
| passedvote1 = [https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1171/vote_117_1_00165.htm 94–1]
| passedbody2 = House
| passeddate2 =
| passedvote2 = [https://clerk.house.gov/evs/2021/roll145.xml 364–62]
| signedpresident = [[Joe Biden]]
| signeddate =
| cite public law = {{USPL|117|13}}
| cite statutes at large = {{USStat|135|265}}
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According to a June 2020 [[Pew Research Center|Pew Research]] study 58% of Asian Americans and 45% of African Americans believe that racist views toward them had increased since the pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 July 2020|title=Many Black, Asian Americans Say They Have Experienced Discrimination Amid Coronavirus|url=https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2020/07/01/many-black-and-asian-americans-say-they-have-experienced-discrimination-amid-the-covid-19-outbreak/|access-date=1 July 2020|website=Pew Research Center's Social & Demographic Trends Project|language=en-US}}</ref> A study by the [[New York University College of Arts & Science]] found that there was no overall increase of Anti-Asian sentiment among the American population, instead it suggested that "already prejudiced persons" had felt authorized by the pandemic to act openly on their prejudices.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://as.nyu.edu/content/dam/nyu-as/populationCenter/documents/Has%20Pandemic%20Threat%20Stoked%20Xenophobia%20aggregate%2012%202%202020%20w%20cover%20page.pdf|title=Does Pandemic Threat Stoke Xenophobia?|first1=Chelsea|last1=Daniels|first2=Paul|last2=DiMaggio|first3=G. Cristina|last3=Mora|first4=Hana |last4=Shepherd|access-date=18 May 2021|publisher=[[New York University College of Arts & Science]]}}</ref>
Early calls for blaming China for the pandemic outbreak included derogatory use of the phrases "Chinese flu", "China flu", or "Wuhan flu", phrases embraced and widely used by then-President [[Donald Trump]] and his supporters.<ref>{{Cite journal| last1 = Kim| first1 = Jennifer Y.| last2 = Block| first2 = Caryn J.| last3 = Yu| first3 = Hong| date = 1 December 2021| title = Debunking the 'model minority' myth: How positive attitudes toward Asian Americans influence perceptions of racial microaggressions| journal = [[Journal of Vocational Behavior]]| publisher=[[Elsevier]]|volume = 131| pages = 103648| doi = 10.1016/j.jvb.2021.103648}}</ref> There were several thousand incidences of xenophobia and racism against Asian Americans between 28 January and 24 February 2020, according to a tally compiled by [[Russell Jeung]], professor of Asian American Studies at [[San Francisco State University]].<ref name=":0" /> An online reporting forum called "[[Stop AAPI Hate]]" recorded "650 direct reports of discrimination against primarily Asian Americans" between 18 and 26 March 2020,<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/asian-americans-report-nearly-500-racist-acts-over-last-week-n1169821|title=Asian Americans report over 650 racist acts over last week, new data says|website=[[NBC News]]|date=26 March 2020 |language=en|access-date=13 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329221252/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/asian-americans-report-nearly-500-racist-acts-over-last-week-n1169821|archive-date=29 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> this later increased to 1,497 reports by 15 April 2020, and most targets were of Chinese (40%) and Korean (16%) descent.<ref>{{Cite web|title=INCIDENTS OF CORONAVIRUS-RELATED DISCRIMINATION|url=http://www.asianpacificpolicyandplanningcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/STOP_AAPI_HATE_MONTHLY_REPORT_4_23_20.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509220928/http://www.asianpacificpolicyandplanningcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/STOP_AAPI_HATE_MONTHLY_REPORT_4_23_20.pdf|archive-date=9 May 2020|access-date=11 May 2020}}</ref> By 28 February 2021, it had risen to 3,795.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stopaapihate.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Stop-AAPI-Hate-Press-Statement-Back-to-School-210414.pdf|publisher=[[Stop AAPI Hate]]|first=Sara|last=Braun|title=Stop AAPI Hate: Schools Must Take Action to Ensure Well-Being and Safety of Asian American Students as They Reopen|date=14 April 2021|access-date=19 April 2021}}</ref> According to a report by Philadelphia radio station [[WHYY-FM]] (21 April 2020), incidents of anti-Asian racism in Philadelphia during the pandemic, including discrimination, racial slurs and a violent attack, especially targeted Chinese Americans, and went mostly unreported to the authorities. The article detailed a number of incidents which were caused both by [[white Americans]] and African Americans.<ref name="Buscher2020">{{cite news |last=Buscher |first=Rob |date=21 April 2020 |title='Reality is hitting me in the face': Asian Americans grapple with racism due to COVID-19 |url=https://whyy.org/articles/reality-is-hitting-me-in-the-face-asian-americans-grapple-with-racism-due-to-covid-19/amp/ |work=[[WHYY-FM]] |location=Philadelphia |access-date=26 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425192916/https://whyy.org/articles/reality-is-hitting-me-in-the-face-asian-americans-grapple-with-racism-due-to-covid-19/amp/ |archive-date=25 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Media critique organisation [[Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting|FAIR]] has documented instances of anti-Asian racism on the street, and reports that many media outlets such as [[CNN]], ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', and [[Fox News]] capitalise on Sinophobia and "[[Orientalism|Orientalist]] tropes that the Chinese are inherently sneaky and untrustworthy, and are ruled by an incompetent, authoritarian government that is the 'sick man of Asia'".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fair.org/home/in-pursuit-of-chinese-scapegoats-media-reject-life-saving-lessons/|title=In Pursuit of Chinese Scapegoats, Media Reject Life-Saving Lessons|date=24 March 2020|website=FAIR|language=en-US|access-date=5 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405165644/https://fair.org/home/in-pursuit-of-chinese-scapegoats-media-reject-life-saving-lessons/|archive-date=5 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> An article on [[The Conversation (website)|''The Conversation'']] has also noted anti-Chinese sentiments from similar media outlets on their [[Wet market#Media coverage|coverage of Chinese wet markets]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://theconversation.com/why-shutting-down-chinese-wet-markets-could-be-a-terrible-mistake-130625|title=Why shutting down Chinese 'wet markets' could be a terrible mistake|last1=Lynteris|first1=Christos|last2=Fearnley|first2=Lyle|website=The Conversation|date=31 January 2020 |language=en|access-date=5 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403104914/http://theconversation.com/why-shutting-down-chinese-wet-markets-could-be-a-terrible-mistake-130625|archive-date=3 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
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}}</ref> In February 2021, Asian American basketball player [[Jeremy Lin]] said he had been called "coronavirus" on the court.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Acevedo |first1=Nicole |title=NBA's G League investigating after Jeremy Lin said he was called 'coronavirus' on the court |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/nba-s-g-league-investigating-after-jeremy-lin-said-he-n1259073 |access-date=27 February 2021 |website=[[NBC News]] |date=27 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227175854/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/nba-s-g-league-investigating-after-jeremy-lin-said-he-n1259073 |archive-date=27 February 2021}}</ref>
Several lawmakers, including members of [[United States Congress|Congress]], denounced [[xenophobia]] related to the coronavirus in a press conference. They said Asian American businesses across the country{{
{{cite web
|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2020/02/28/coronavirus-asian-american-lawmakers-denounce-xenophobia-rumors/4901288002/
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President Trump frequently referred to [[SARS-CoV-2]] as the "Chinese Virus", "China Virus" and "Kung Flu" (from Kung Fu, [[Chinese martial arts]]) in an attempt to point to its origin, a term considered by some to be [[anti-Chinese]] and racist.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/17/politics/trump-china-coronavirus/index.html|title = Trump again defends use of the term 'China virus'|website = [[CNN]]| date=17 March 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rogers |first1=Katie |last2=Jakes |first2=Lara |last3=Swanson |first3=Anna |title=Trump Defends Using 'Chinese Virus' Label, Ignoring Growing Criticism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/18/us/politics/china-virus.html |access-date=20 March 2020 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=18 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320001747/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/18/us/politics/china-virus.html |archive-date=20 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> He later argued this was "not racist at all" after lawmakers including [[Elizabeth Warren]] raised objections about the statement.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/03/18/trump-pandemic-drumbeat-coronavirus-135392|title=Trump on 'Chinese virus' label: 'It's not racist at all'|last=Forgey|first=Quint|website=[[Politico]]|date=18 March 2020 |language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318232256/https://www.politico.com/news/2020/03/18/trump-pandemic-drumbeat-coronavirus-135392|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Trump also tweeted, on 23 March 2020, that the coronavirus was not Asian Americans' fault and their communities should be protected.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1242202290393677829|title=Twitter post|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512005523/https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1242202290393677829|archive-date=12 May 2020}}</ref> [[CNN]] commentators [[Chris Cuomo]] and [[Jim Acosta]] also criticized the use of the term "Wuhan Virus" and "Chinese Virus",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/culture/archive/2020/03/why-trump-intentionally-misnames-coronavirus/607900/|title=Why Trump Intentionally Misnames the Coronavirus|last=Zimmer|first=Ben|date=12 March 2020|website=[[The Atlantic]]|language=en-US|access-date=20 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319201718/https://www.theatlantic.com/culture/archive/2020/03/why-trump-intentionally-misnames-coronavirus/607900/|archive-date=19 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/chris-cuomo-blasts-trump-for-saying-chinese-virus-it-could-have-come-from-anywhere|title=Chris Cuomo blasts Trump for saying 'Chinese virus': 'It could have come from anywhere'|date=19 March 2020|website=[[The Washington Examiner]]|language=en|access-date=20 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320124351/https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/chris-cuomo-blasts-trump-for-saying-chinese-virus-it-could-have-come-from-anywhere|archive-date=20 March 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> although other CNN anchors had used those terms in the past.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/media/cnn-china-wuhan-coronavirus|title=CNN blasted for now declaring 'Wuhan virus' as 'racist' after weeks of network's 'China's coronavirus' coverage|last=Wulfsohn|first=Joseph|date=12 March 2020|website=[[Fox News]]|language=en-US|access-date=20 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317161539/https://www.foxnews.com/media/cnn-china-wuhan-coronavirus|archive-date=17 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2020/03/12/media_called_coronavirus_wuhan_or_chinese_coronavirus_dozens_of_times.html|title=Media Called Coronavirus "Wuhan" Or "Chinese Coronavirus" Dozens Of Times|last=Schwarts|first=Ian|date=12 March 2020|website=[[Real Clear Politics]]|access-date=20 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317034120/https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2020/03/12/media_called_coronavirus_wuhan_or_chinese_coronavirus_dozens_of_times.html|archive-date=17 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Trump also brushed off the alleged use of the derogatory term "Kung Flu" by a [[Executive Office of the President of the United States|White House]] official to refer to COVID-19 when asked by a reporter during a media session on 18 March 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/trump-addresses-kung-flu-remark-says-asian-americans-agree-100-with-him-using-chinese-virus|title=Trump Addresses 'Kung-Flu' Remark, Says Asian-Americans Agree '100 Percent' With Him Using 'Chinese Virus'|last=Baragona|first=Justin|date=18 March 2020|website=[[The Daily Beast]]|language=en|access-date=24 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2020/03/18/reporter_to_president_trump_is_it_acceptable_to_call_coronavirus_kung_flu.html|title=Reporter to President Trump: Is It Acceptable To Call Coronavirus "Kung Flu"?|date=18 March 2020|first=Tim|last=Hains|website=realclearpolitics.com|access-date=24 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319201224/https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2020/03/18/reporter_to_president_trump_is_it_acceptable_to_call_coronavirus_kung_flu.html|archive-date=19 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Eventually he pulled back on the "Chinese Virus" name due to Asian communities facing increased number of racist taunts and incidents as the illness spread across the U.S.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/24/politics/donald-trump-pull-back-coronavirus-chinese-virus/index.html|title=CNN article on Trump pulling back Chinese Virus term|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327063128/https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/24/politics/donald-trump-pull-back-coronavirus-chinese-virus/index.html|archive-date=27 March 2020}}</ref> However, at his [[Tulsa, Oklahoma]], rally on 20 June, Trump referred to the virus as "Kung Flu".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Moreno|first=J. Edward|date=20 June 2020|title=Trump refers to coronavirus as 'kung flu' during Tulsa rally|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/503756-trump-refers-to-coronavirus-as-kung-flu-during-tulsa-rally|access-date=21 June 2020|website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621053214/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/503756-trump-refers-to-coronavirus-as-kung-flu-during-tulsa-rally|archive-date=21 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
Then-U.S. [[Secretary of state|Secretary of State]] [[Mike Pompeo]] referred to the virus as the "Wuhan Virus" and said that there was "a significant amount of evidence" it emerged from the Wuhan Institute of Virology and blamed the Chinese Communist Party for posing "a substantial threat to our health and way of life."<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-china-pompeo-idUSKBN22I27K | title=Pompeo blames China for hundreds of thousands of virus deaths, denies inconsistency | newspaper=Reuters | date=6 May 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/pompeo-pushes-wuhan-virus-label-counter-chinese-disinformation/story?id=69797101 | title=Pompeo pushes 'Wuhan virus' label to counter Chinese disinformation | website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nicholson |first1=Harvey Jr.|title=When "model minorities" become "yellow peril" – Othering and the racialization of asian Americans in the COVID-19 pandemic |journal=[[Sociology Compass]]|year=2021|volume=15|issue=2|pages=e12849|publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]] |location=Hoboken, New Jersey|doi=10.1111/soc4.12849|pmid=33786062|pmc=7995194}}</ref>
In response to the growing anti-Chinese sentiment, several media outlets and individuals began suggesting that it was not useful to blame Chinese people for the pandemic, and that there was a distinction between the people of China and the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP), accused by some of covering up and mishandling the pandemic.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/dont-blame-china-for-the-coronavirus--blame-the-chinese-communist-party/2020/03/19/343153ac-6a12-11ea-abef-020f086a3fab_story.html|title=Don't blame 'China' for the coronavirus – blame the Chinese Communist Party|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624224140/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/dont-blame-china-for-the-coronavirus--blame-the-chinese-communist-party/2020/03/19/343153ac-6a12-11ea-abef-020f086a3fab_story.html|archive-date=24 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2020/04/05/blame-chinese-communist-party-coronavirus-crisis-column/2940486001/|title=Blame the Chinese Communist Party for the coronavirus crisis.|website=[[USA Today]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528141204/https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2020/04/05/blame-chinese-communist-party-coronavirus-crisis-column/2940486001/|archive-date=28 May 2020}}</ref> A petition to use the name 'CCP virus' was launched with the White House on 20 March 2020.
On 23 March 2020, the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]]'s (FBI) [[New York City]] office issued an alert reporting that extremists were encouraging one another to intentionally spread the coronavirus to police officers and members of the Jewish community, if they contracted it.<ref name="cnn-000">{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/25/us/missouri-man-killed-fbi-investigation/index.html|title=Man under investigation for plotting an attack at a hospital believed to be treating Covid-19 patients was killed during an FBI investigation|first1=Evan|last1=Perez|first2=David|last2=Shortell|website=[[CNN]]|date=25 March 2020|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200419034216/https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/25/us/missouri-man-killed-fbi-investigation/index.html|archive-date=19 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/white-supremacists-encouraging-members-spread-coronavirus-cops-jews/story?id=69737522|title=White supremacists encouraging their members to spread coronavirus to cops, Jews, FBI says|first=Josh|last=Margolin|website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|date=23 March 2020|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324192244/https://abcnews.go.com/US/white-supremacists-encouraging-members-spread-coronavirus-cops-jews/story?id=69737522|archive-date=24 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> That same day, the FBI foiled a terrorist plot by a [[White supremacy|white supremacist]] to use a [[car bomb]] to blow up a [[Missouri]] hospital overflowing with COVID-19 patients, with the man having referenced [[Far-right politics|far-right]] conspiracy theories that the virus was "engineered by Jews" online before he was shot and killed in an altercation with FBI agents.<ref name=Terror>{{cite news|url=http://www.homelandsecuritynewswire.com/dr20200327-fbi-foils-neo-nazi-plot-to-blow-up-missouri-hospital|title=FBI Foils Neo‑Nazi Plot to Blow Up Missouri Hospital|agency=Homeland Security News Wire|date=27 March 2020|access-date=23 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328091233/http://www.homelandsecuritynewswire.com/dr20200327-fbi-foils-neo-nazi-plot-to-blow-up-missouri-hospital|archive-date=28 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Benlolo/> The next day, the [[Department of Homeland Security]] released a memo to law enforcement officials warning of the possibility of violent extremists taking advantage of the pandemic to commit terrorist attacks. The memo cites calls by far-right extremists to commit attacks on Asian Americans and other targets, as well as spread the virus in diverse neighborhoods and places of worship.<ref name="cnn-000"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/homeland-security-warns-terrorists-exploit-covid-19-pandemic/story?id=69770582|title=Homeland Security warns terrorists may exploit COVID-19 pandemic|first1=Alexander|last1=Mallin|first2=Josh|last2=Margolin|website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|date=25 March 2020|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324222502/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/homeland-security-warns-terrorists-exploit-covid-19-pandemic/story?id=69770582|archive-date=24 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/doj-weighs-terror-charges-make-threats-spread-coronavirus/story?id=69790423|title=DOJ weighs terror charges for those who make threats to spread coronavirus|first=Alexander|last=Mallin|website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|date=25 March 2020|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613045015/https://abcnews.go.com/US/doj-weighs-terror-charges-make-threats-spread-coronavirus/story?id=69790423|archive-date=13 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On 28 March, the FBI warned again that white supremacist groups were plotting to "expose Jewish people to coronavirus" by having members use themselves as bio-weapons" to infect areas Jewish people are deemed likely to visit.<ref name=Benlolo>{{cite news|url=https://nationalpost.com/opinion/avi-benlolo-the-coronavirus-pandemic-is-bringing-with-it-a-new-level-of-anti-semitism|title=Avi Benlolo: The coronavirus pandemic is bringing with it a new level of anti-Semitism|date=28 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/fbi-says-extremists-are-urging-spread-of-coronavirus-to-jews-police/|title=FBI says extremists are urging spread of coronavirus to Jews, police|date=23 March 2020|access-date=29 March 2020|work=[[The Times of Israel]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328072339/https://www.timesofisrael.com/fbi-says-extremists-are-urging-spread-of-coronavirus-to-jews-police/|archive-date=28 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
The [[Anti-Defamation League]]<ref name=ADLReport>{{cite news|url=https://www.adl.org/blog/coronavirus-crisis-elevates-antisemitic-racist-tropes|title=Coronavirus Crisis Elevates Antisemitic, Racist Tropes|agency=Anti-Defamation League|date=17 March 2020|access-date=29 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329081423/https://www.adl.org/blog/coronavirus-crisis-elevates-antisemitic-racist-tropes|archive-date=29 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Life After Hate]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://time.com/5810774/extremist-groups-coronavirus/|title='Right Now, People Are Pretty Fragile.' How Coronavirus Creates the Perfect Breeding Ground for Online Extremism|author=Charlotte McDonald-Gibson|agency=Time|date=26 March 2020|access-date=29 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328233302/https://time.com/5810774/extremist-groups-coronavirus/|archive-date=28 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> observed that in addition to the wave of anti-Asian xenophobia online, there was a white nationalist and white supremacist<ref name=ADLReport/><ref name=CBSJudenhass>{{cite news|title=Extremists are using the coronavirus to radicalize and spread conspiracies online|date=26 March 2020|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/coronavirus-extremists-conspiracies-covid-19/|author=Justin Sherman|publisher=CBS News|access-date=29 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328225448/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/coronavirus-extremists-conspiracies-covid-19/|archive-date=28 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>-fueled wave of [[Antisemitism|antisemitic]] and [[anti-Zionism]], including but not limited to claims that Jews and/or Israelis were spreading the virus, but also an online campaign to infect Jews with the virus as a means of murder.<ref name="ADLReport" /> The ADL was especially concerned with the prevalence of antisemitic messaging on [[Steam (service)|Steam]], [[Discord (software)|Discord]] and [[TikTok]] combined with the increased internet usage by children after school closings.<ref name=CBSJudenhass/>
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Testifying before a [[United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce|House Energy and Commerce Committee]] hearing on 23 June 2020, Dr. [[Anthony Fauci]], the director of the [[National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases]], said he believes [[institutional racism]] is a contributing factor to the disproportionate effect that the virus has had on African American and other minority communities.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wise|first=Justin|date=23 June 2020|title=Fauci: Institutional racism playing role in disproportionate coronavirus impact on Black community|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/coronavirus-report/504167-fauciinstitutional-racism-is-playing-role-in-disproportionate|access-date=1 July 2020|website=The Hill|language=en}}</ref>
On 17 September 2020, the [[United States House of Representatives]] passed a [[Resolution (law)|resolution]] 243–164 condemning racism tied to the pandemic against Asian Americans.<ref>{{Cite web|title=House Condemns Racism Against Asian Americans Amid Pandemic|url=https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/national-international/house-condemns-racism-against-asian-americans-amid-pandemic/2407904/|access-date=19 September 2020|website=NBC 7 San Diego|date=18 September 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref> On 14 April 2021, the [[United States Senate|US Senate]] voted 92–6 to advance the '''COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act''', which would allow the [[United States Department of Justice|US Justice Department]] to review hate crimes related to COVID-19, with a section of the bill (titled the '''Khalid Jabara-[[Charlottesville car attack|Heather Heyer]] NO HATE Act''', originally drafted by Senator [[Richard Blumenthal]]) dedicated to providing federal grants for states and local governments transitioning to the [[National Incident-Based Reporting System]], authorizing federal grants for states to establish
U.S. Olympians [[Sakura Kokumai]] and [[Yul Moldauer]] said they had been targets of hate crimes as of early 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Armour|first=Nancy|title='We need to protect each other.' Olympic hopefuls say they've experienced anti-Asian hate|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2021/04/07/olympic-hopeful-yul-moldauer-sakura-kokumai-platform/7125938002/|access-date=21 April 2021|website=USA Today|language=en-US}}</ref>
On 28 December
====Arizona====
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On 3 April 2020, a Chinese restaurant in [[Seymour, Connecticut|Seymour]] received racist phone calls blaming the COVID-19 pandemic on people of Chinese descent and threatening to shoot the owners.<ref>{{cite web |last=Driscoll |first=Eugene |url=https://valley.newhavenindependent.org/archives/entry/update_racist_death_threats_lodged_against_seymour_restaurant/ |title=Update: Racist Death Threats Lodged Against Seymour Restaurant|newspaper=[[Valley Independent Sentinel]]|date=5 April 2020 |access-date=22 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418094340/https://valley.newhavenindependent.org/archives/entry/update_racist_death_threats_lodged_against_seymour_restaurant/ |archive-date=18 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Eng |first=Donald |url=https://www.ctpost.com/news/coronavirus/article/Seymour-rallies-behind-Asian-American-restaurant-15192182.php |title=Seymour rallies behind Asian-American restaurant owners after coronavirus-motivated threat|newspaper=[[The Connecticut Post]]|date=11 April 2020 |access-date=22 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418090829/https://www.ctpost.com/news/coronavirus/article/Seymour-rallies-behind-Asian-American-restaurant-15192182.php |archive-date=18 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
In [[Stamford, Connecticut|Stamford]], an Asian American woman claimed a cashier sprayed her with [[Lysol]] at a supermarket.<ref>{{cite web |last=Dunne |first=Susan |url=https://www.courant.com/coronavirus/hc-news-coronavirus-connecticut-anti-asian-racism-20210225-7skl3dxpvna4phd3jebtcyb53e-story.html |title=Senators push to mandate Asian American studies in Connecticut public schools amid surge of racist attacks |newspaper=[[The Hartford Courant]] |date=26 February 2021 |access-date=26 March 2021
A man was arrested for yelling "Go back to China" at a man wearing a mask in [[Milford, Connecticut|Milford]]. The man then allegedly pointed his vehicle at the other man.<ref>{{cite web |last=Polansky |first=Rob |url= https://www.wfsb.com/news/suspect-arrested-for-yelling-go-back-to-china-at-man-in-milford/article_44ebbeec-93ad-11eb-a3eb-a3958122e5f7.amp.html |title= Suspect arrested after yelling 'Go back to China' at man in Milford |website=WFSB |date=2 April 2021 |access-date=2 April 2021
====Delaware====
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On 3 March, Jason Nguyen, a sophomore at [[Indiana University]] from [[Fishers, Indiana|Fishers]], was at IU's Willkie Campus Store when store workers were debating whether they would vote for one of the workers if he ran for president. Nguyen said, "I'd vote for you" and a worker said, "Oh no, no, no you wouldn't vote for him, because people of your kind ..." then caught himself.<ref name="phyllis-cha"/>
On 11 January 2023, an 18-year-old IU student was stabbed multiple times in a [[Bloomington Transit]] bus by a 56-year-old woman, who admitted to attacking Asian Americans intentionally, stating "It would be one less person to blow up our country."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indiana University student targeted in bus stabbing for being Asian, police say |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/indiana-university-says-student-was-targeted-bus-stabbing-asian-rcna65770 |access-date=
====Kansas====
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====Michigan====
In [[Lansing, Michigan|Lansing]], a child at the [[2020 United States anti-lockdown protests|Reopen Michigan]] protest danced in [[blackface]] resembling former President [[Barack Obama]] on the steps of the [[Michigan State Capitol]] building.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Madison J.|last=Gray|date=1 May 2020|title=Video Shows Children Dancing In Racist Obama Mask At Michigan Protest|url=https://www.bet.com/
====Minnesota====
In [[Woodbury, Minnesota|Woodbury]] in March 2020, a threatening racist note was left on the home of an Asian American couple with statements such as "we're watching you" and "take the Chinese virus back to China".<ref>{{cite web|first=Erin|last=Hassanzadeh|url=https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2020/03/27/coronavirus-in-minnesota-were-watching-you-racist-note-left-on-woodbury-home-of-asian-american-couple/|title=Coronavirus In Minnesota: 'We're Watching You': Racist Note Left On Woodbury Home Of Asian American Couple|publisher=CBS Minnesota|date=27 March 2020|access-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329040921/https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2020/03/27/coronavirus-in-minnesota-were-watching-you-racist-note-left-on-woodbury-home-of-asian-american-couple/|archive-date=29 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Hannah|last=Jones|url=http://www.citypages.com/news/racist-note-tells-woodbury-couple-to-take-the-virus-back-to-china/569169611|title=Racist note tells Woodbury couple to 'take the virus back to China'|newspaper=[[City Pages]]|date=30 March 2020|access-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331030444/http://www.citypages.com/news/racist-note-tells-woodbury-couple-to-take-the-virus-back-to-china/569169611|archive-date=31 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
In [[Moorhead, Minnesota|Moorhead]] in April 2020, a man was arrested for coughing on two grocery store employees while blaming racial minorities for COVID-19.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.startribune.com/police-man-coughs-on-moorhead-grocery-worker-blames-minorities-for-virus/569318052/|title=Police: Man coughs on Moorhead grocery worker, blames minorities for virus|website=[[Star-Tribune]]|date=2 April 2020 |access-date=3 April 2020}}</ref>
In September 2020, the words "China virus" were burned onto the front yard of an [[Austin, Minnesota|Austin]] man of Chinese heritage.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bachtle|first=Brett|url=https://www.kaaltv.com/austin-minnesota-news/austin-chinese-burned-front-yard/5866215/|title=Austin man of Chinese heritage finds words 'China virus' burned into front yard|website=ABC 6 News|date=17 September 2020|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-date=31 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331035501/https://www.kaaltv.com/austin-minnesota-news/austin-chinese-burned-front-yard/5866215/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
====Missouri====
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====Nebraska====
[[Leirion Gaylor Baird]], the Mayor of [[Lincoln, Nebraska]], said there are racial and ethnic disparities in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lincoln.ne.gov/News-articles/New-Data-Shows-Racial-Disparities-in-COVID-19-Cases|title=New Data Shows Racial Disparities in COVID-19 Cases|date=13 May 2020}}</ref> There
====New Jersey====
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====New York====
[[File:NYC, anti-xenophobia poster amid coronavirus pandemic, Canal St, 6 Line--.jpg|thumb|right|An unofficial<ref name="poster">{{cite news |last1=O'Hara |first1=Mary Emily |title=Mock Subway Posters Urge New Yorkers to Curb Anti-Asian Hate |url=https://www.adweek.com/creativity/faux-subway-posters-urge-nyc-commuters-to-curb-anti-asian-hate/ |access-date=5 May 2021|work=Adweek |date=20 March 2020}}</ref> anti-xenophobia poster at a
Overall during 2020, the [[New York City Police Department|NYPD]] arrested 20 suspects for committing anti-Asian hate crimes. Of the perpetrators, 55% were non-Hispanic Black, 35% were Hispanic and 10% were non-Hispanic White. 60% of the accused were male and 40% were female.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/usa/anti-asian-hate-crime-crosses-racial-and-ethnic-lines|title=Anti-Asian Hate Crime Crosses Racial and Ethnic Lines|access-date=5 May 2021|date=24 March 2021|author=Masood Farivar|publisher=[[Voice of America]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|publisher=[[New York City Police Department]]|access-date=5 May 2021|title=Hate Crimes Reports, Arrest Statistics by Bias Motivation, Annual 2020|url=https://www1.nyc.gov/site/nypd/stats/reports-analysis/hate-crimes.page}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|publisher=New York City Police Department|access-date=5 May 2021|title=NYC Hate Crime Report, Arrest Statistics involving Hate Crime Incidents by Arrestee Gender, Race, Age and Bias Motivation, CY2020|url=https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/nypd/downloads/excel/hate-crimes/2020/hate-crime-arrests-by-motivation-annual-2020.xlsx|format=XLSX}}</ref> The overall number of anti-Asian hate crimes registered with police had risen from three in 2019 to 28 in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/anti-asian-hate-crimes-increased-nearly-150-2020-mostly-n-n1260264|title=Anti-Asian hate crimes increased by nearly 150% in 2020, mostly in N.Y. and L.A., new report says|access-date=5 May 2021|date=9 March 2021|author=Kimmy Yam|publisher=[[NBC News]]}}</ref> There were 129 reported hate crimes against Asian-Americans in 2021 as of 5 December, up 361% from 28 in 2020, and more than a fortyfold increase since 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hate crimes up 100% in New York City this year, driven by crimes against the Asian community, police say|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/hate-crimes-new-york-city-up-100-percent-anti-asian/|access-date=18 December 2021|website=www.cbsnews.com|date=8 December 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref>
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In March 2020, as New York became a global hotspot, prejudicial sentiment against New Yorkers began to be reported as several states put into place regulations banning, blocking or imposing quarantines on them.<ref name="nyt-2020-03-25">{{cite news |title=Governors tell outsiders to stay away |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/25/us/coronavirus-united-states.html/ |work=The New York Times |date=25 March 2020 |access-date=1 March 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325190032/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/25/us/coronavirus-united-states.html |archive-date=25 March 2020 }}</ref><ref name="bloomberg-2020-03-28">{{cite news |title=Rhode Island search for New Yorkers |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-28/rhode-island-governor-issues-stay-at-home-order-until-april-13l/ |work=Bloomberg |date=28 March 2020 |access-date=1 March 2020 |archive-url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-28/rhode-island-governor-issues-stay-at-home-order-until-april-13/ |archive-date=28 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="wapo-2020-03-30">{{cite news |title=Vilifying New Yorkers |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2020/03/30/vilifying-new-yorkers-is-mistake// |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=28 March 2020 |access-date=1 March 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331202159/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2020/03/30/vilifying-new-yorkers-is-mistake/ |archive-date=31 March 2020 }}</ref> New York state governor [[Andrew Cuomo]] proclaimed "We will not let New Yorkers be discriminated against" as he reprimanded Rhode Island for initiating xenophobic procedures targeting New Yorkers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gov. Cuomo reprimands discrimination |url=https://boston.cbslocal.com/2020/03/29/coronavirus-news-andrew-cuomo-new-york-rhode-island// |work=CBS Boston |date=29 March 2020 |access-date=1 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329213519/https://boston.cbslocal.com/2020/03/29/coronavirus-news-andrew-cuomo-new-york-rhode-island/ |archive-date=29 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
In February 2022 a South Korean diplomat was physically attacked, prompting city councilman [[Keith Powers (politician)|Keith Powers]] to issue a statement on the increase in hate crimes against the AAPI over the past year.<ref>{{Cite web|title=South Korean diplomat attacked, nose broken on New York City street|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/south-korean-diplomat-attacked-nose-broken-new-york-city-street-rcna15701|access-date=11 February 2022|website=NBC News|date=10 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
====North Carolina====
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====Oklahoma====
On 20 June 2020, in a speech in [[Tulsa, Oklahoma]], former President of the United States [[Donald Trump]] used language widely considered racist when he referred to COVID-19 as "Kung Flu",<ref>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump calls Covid-19 'kung flu' at Tulsa rally |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jun/20/trump-covid-19-kung-flu-racist-language |access-date=22 June 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=20 June 2020 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621201813/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jun/20/trump-covid-19-kung-flu-racist-language |archive-date=21 June 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> a phrase Senior [[Counselor to the President]] [[Kellyanne Conway]] had previously described as "wrong", "highly offensive"<ref>{{cite news |last1=Riechmann |first1=Deb |last2=Tang |first2=Terry |title=Trump continues to call coronavirus 'Chinese virus' in spite of hate crime risks |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/6698597/donald-trump-coronavirus-racism/ |access-date=22 June 2020 |work=[[Global News]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=18 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623112842/https://globalnews.ca/news/6698597/donald-trump-coronavirus-racism/ |archive-date=23 June 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=NPRRacist>{{cite news |last1=Wise |first1=Alana |title=White House Defends Trump's Use Of Racist Term To Describe Coronavirus |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/06/22/881810671/white-house-defends-trumps-use-of-racist-term-to-describe-coronavirus |access-date=23 June 2020 |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=22 June 2020 |quote=The White House on Monday denied any malicious intent behind President Trump's use of the racist term "kung flu" this weekend{{
====Oregon====
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A bar in [[Medford, Oregon|Medford]] drew backlash after the electronic billboard displayed the words "CHINA VIRUS HOURS". In response, the bar was [[review bomb]]ed on [[Yelp]], leading the site to disable reviews for it.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rodriguez|first=Ambar|url=https://ktvl.com/news/local/yelp-forced-to-turn-off-local-bar-reviews-after-china-virus-sign-causes-uproar |title=Yelp forced to turn off local bar reviews after 'China Virus' sign causes uproar |date=1 February 2021 |website=CBS 10 |access-date=15 February 2021 }}</ref>
Vandalism targeting a [[Jade District|Portland district of Asian-owned businesses]] has been suggested as being related to racism related to COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jensen|first=Latisha|title=Restaurants in the Jade District Have Windows Smashed as Wave of Vandalism Hits Asian-Owned Businesses|url=https://www.wweek.com/news/city/2021/02/08/restaurants-in-the-jade-district-had-their-windows-smashed-as-wave-of-vandalism-hits-asian-owned-businesses/
A college student in [[Salem, Oregon|Salem]] was assaulted by two men while walking to a store. Police are investigating the incident as a possible hate crime.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Abad|first=Jacqueline|title=Willamette University student victim of possible hate crime|url=https://www.koin.com/news/crime/willamette-university-student-victim-of-possible-hate-crime-salem-police-bias-crime/
====Pennsylvania====
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}}</ref>
In August 2020, a woman shouted expletives at a nine-month-pregnant<ref>{{cite web|url=https://6abc.com/asian-woman-attack-philly-attacked-philadelphia/6356446/|title='She punched me on my face': Asian-American pregnant mother attacked in Philadelphia|first=Christie|last=Ileto|access-date=19 April 2021|date=6 August 2020}}</ref> Jing Chen, 38, and her daughter, 12; sprayed water on her; then punched her in the face in Philadelphia at 13th Street and [[Walnut Street (Philadelphia)|Walnut Street]].<ref name="used2x">{{cite web|url=https://6abc.com/asian-woman-attack-philly-attacked-philadelphia/6369568/|date=13 April 2020|title=Woman arrested following attack on Asian-American pregnant woman in Philadelphia|first=Christie|last=Ileto|access-date=19 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=3 September 2020|title=Philadelphia community holds meeting on anti-Asian hate, violence|url=https://6abc.com/asian-attack-philly-meeting-philadelphia-community-anti-asian-hate-and-violence/6405781/|access-date=19 April 2021}}</ref>
On 3 September 2020, Philadelphia's Chinese business community organized two meetings of a panel of Asian-American community leaders and organizers to emphasize how enforcing hate crime laws and [[constitutional right]]s education reduces hate crimes against Asian Americans.<ref name="used2x"/>
Line 734:
In February 2021, a restaurant in [[Philadelphia]] received complaints after naming a macaroni and cheese dish "COVID Mac". The dish in question was made with Chinese [[Chili pepper|chili]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Brown|first=Natasha|url=https://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/2021/02/21/lennies-hoagies-philadelphia-covid-mac-asian-american-racism/ |title=Racially Insensitive Menu Item At Lennie's Hoagies Sparking Outrage In Philadelphia's Asian American Community |date=21 February 2021 |website=CBS 3 |access-date=21 February 2021 }}</ref>
On 4 April 2021, at 2:00{{
On 6 April 2021, at 7:40{{
On 15 April 2021, [[Philadelphia City Council]] passed a resolution to have the [[School District of Philadelphia]] teach Asian American history during [[Asian Pacific American Heritage Month]] (May) to help combat anti-Asian hate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://6abc.com/education/philadelphia-city-council-passes-resolution-to-help-combat-anti-asian-hate/10517431/|title=Philadelphia City Council passes resolution to help combat anti-Asian hate|first1=Nydia|last1=Han|first2=Heather|last2=Grubola|date=15 April 2021}}</ref>
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}}</ref>
On 14 March 2021, a [[ramen]] restaurant in [[San Antonio]] was covered in racist graffiti after its owner spoke out against [[Greg Abbott|Governor Abbot]]'s lifting of the state mask mandate.<ref>{{Cite web|
====Utah====
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==Oceania==
===Australia===
On 26 January 2020, two [[Rupert Murdoch|Murdoch]] [[News Corp Australia|News Corp]] [[Tabloid (newspaper format)|tabloids]] ran controversial headlines, the [[Melbourne]] ''[[Herald Sun]]''{{'}}s headline read, "Chinese virus pandamonium", a misspelling of "pandemonium" and alluding to China's native [[panda]]s, while [[Sydney]]{{'}}s ''[[The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)|The Daily Telegraph]]'' headline read "China kids stay home". One of the outcomes of these headlines was a petition of over 51,000 signatures in 24 hours demanding an apology and stating that these tabloids were not representative of Australians.<ref name=":02"/><ref>{{Cite news |last=Vrajlal |first=Alicia |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/entry/coronavirus-australia-racism_au_5e33a522c5b6f2623326d72b|title=Chinese-Australians Facing Racism After Coronavirus Outbreak|date=31 January 2020 |work=HuffPost |access-date=3 February 2020}}</ref> In response, the ''[[Sydney Morning Herald]]'' ran a counter-piece titled "This virus is not 'Chinese'
Several isolated incidents of xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic were also reported in the media. On 28 January 2020, a man collapsed and died of a suspected cardiac arrest outside of a restaurant in Sydney's Chinatown. Unconfirmed viral videos circulating on social media suggest that bystanders refused to perform CPR out of fear of the coronavirus.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chung|first1=Frank|url=https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/health/health-problems/bystanders-feared-coronavirus-after-man-collapsed-outside-chinatown-restaurant/news-story/4b1c6810fd911ec3f4f2b568b3695e10|title=Bystanders 'feared coronavirus' after man collapsed outside Chinatown restaurant|date=30 January 2020|access-date=20 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206094521/https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/health/health-problems/bystanders-feared-coronavirus-after-man-collapsed-outside-chinatown-restaurant/news-story/4b1c6810fd911ec3f4f2b568b3695e10|archive-date=6 February 2020|agency=Australian Associated Press}}</ref> In February, it was reported that a supermarket employee had refused entry to customers of Asian appearance, claiming it was to prevent the spread of the coronavirus. A witness made a complaint that was upheld by [[Woolworths
One news agency reported in February 2020 that Chinese restaurants and establishments in Sydney and Melbourne
During the early months of the pandemic there was an increased number of isolated reports where members of the Chinese-Australian and Asian-Australian communities were subjected to verbal vitriol and racist slurs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/this-is-racism-chinese-australians-say-they-ve-faced-increased-hostility-since-the-coronavirus-outbreak-began|title='This is racism': Chinese-Australians say they've faced increased hostility since the coronavirus outbreak began|website=SBS News|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203043111/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/this-is-racism-chinese-australians-say-they-ve-faced-increased-hostility-since-the-coronavirus-outbreak-began|archive-date=3 February 2020|access-date=9 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Pearlman|first1=Jonathan|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/australianz/coronavirus-chinese-community-in-australia-complain-of-racism-as-mps-call-for-calm|title=Coronavirus: Chinese community in Australia complain of racism as MPs call for calm|date=7 February 2020|work=The Straits Times|access-date=9 February 2020|language=en}}</ref> On 20 March 2020, a student wearing a mask in [[Hobart]], Tasmania was told, "you've got the virus" and "go back to your country" before being punched, leaving him with a bruised eye and broken glasses. The
In October 2020, a Chinese restaurant in [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] reportedly received a letter telling the owners to "go back to Wuhan" and calling Chinese people "bloody bird and animal shit eating".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.weareresonate.com/2020/10/bird-sht-eating-wuhan-chinese-restaurant-in-australia-receives-racist-letter-ton-lok-chinese-restaurant/|title='Bird sh*t eating Wuhan Chinese, monkey looking children': Restaurant in Australia receives racist letter |date=29 October 2020|access-date=19 February 2021
In March 2021, it was reported that a pregnant Asian-Australian couple, while waiting for a pregnancy scan in south Perth, was at the receiving end of racial slurs and abuse. A woman allegedly told the couple to "piss off back to China" as well as other slurs. The Asian-Australian man responded by saying, "Don't tell me to get out of my own country ... You just told me to get out of my own country, go back to where I come from ... I was born here, mate." The incident was recorded on camera and posted online. The couple said they were "heartened" by the supportive responses they had received after the video was posted and had over 250,000 views.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 March 2021|title=Perth man's message to woman who told him to 'p*** off back to China'|url=https://7news.com.au/news/wa/perth-mans-message-for-woman-who-hurled-racist-abuse-at-him-and-pregnant-partner-c-2437252|access-date=6 July 2021|website=7NEWS|language=en}}</ref>
The COVID-19 Racism Incident Report Survey 2021, conducted by the Asian Australian Alliance revealed that 52% of those who had faced COVID-19-related racism were of Chinese descent, followed by Vietnamese (8%), Malaysian (8%), Korean (7%), Singaporean (3%), Filipino (3%) and Indian (2%) descent. The survey noted that COVID-19-related racism had affected those of East Asian, Southeast Asian and South Asian descent and other migrant backgrounds, with blame being pushed on different communities as times goes on.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-07-23/covid-19-racism-australia-report-racial-hatred-pandemic/100316184|title='He said my face should meet his fist': All Rahul wanted to do was board a bus when he was attacked|date=23 July 2021|newspaper=ABC News}}</ref>
===Fiji===
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===New Zealand===
MP [[Raymond Huo]] said there were racial abuse incidents in the country's Chinese community. An online petition to prevent people from China from entering the country was signed by more than 18,000 people.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12304816|title=Calm urged as anti-Chinese sentiment felt in New Zealand|work=The New Zealand Herald|access-date=6 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206014546/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12304816|archive-date=6 February 2020}}</ref> In [[Canterbury Region|Canterbury]], an email was sent to a Chinese-origin student's parent, which reportedly said, "our [[Kiwi (nickname)|Kiwi]] kids don't want to be in the same class with your disgusting virus spreaders."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/119225943/police-investigating-racist-coronavirus-email-say-xenophobia-will-not-be-tolerated|title=Police investigating 'ignorant, arrogant' coronavirus email|work=Stuff (company)|access-date=6 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206121644/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/119225943/police-investigating-racist-coronavirus-email-say-xenophobia-will-not-be-tolerated|archive-date=6 February 2020}}</ref>
Mayor of Auckland [[Phil Goff]] said he was "sickened" by the reports of Asian-origin people being racially targeted at swimming pools, public transport and restaurants.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/119551104/coronavirus-auckland-mayor-phil-goff-sickened-at-reports-of-racism-at-pools-buses-restaurants|title=Coronavirus: Auckland Mayor Phil Goff sickened at reports of racism at pools, buses, restaurants|work=Stuff (company)|access-date=16 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215174850/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/119551104/coronavirus-auckland-mayor-phil-goff-sickened-at-reports-of-racism-at-pools-buses-restaurants|archive-date=15 February 2020}}</ref>
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Indigenous [[Māori people|Māori]] reported high levels of discrimination throughout the pandemic, potentially due to "iwi checkpoints" in which tribal authorities set up COVID-19 safety checkpoints to discourage non-essential travelers from visiting predominantly Māori lands.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rolleston |first1=Te Aorewa |title=Covid-19 heightens racism against Māori, Chinese – research |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/te-manu-korihi/436605/covid-19-heightens-racism-against-maori-chinese-research |access-date=23 February 2021 |publisher=Radio New Zealand |date=17 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217052120/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/te-manu-korihi/436605/covid-19-heightens-racism-against-maori-chinese-research |archive-date=17 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Nicklin |first1=Germana |title=If we're to defend our borders from the pandemic, what do we mean by borders? |url=https://theconversation.com/if-were-to-defend-our-borders-from-the-pandemic-what-do-we-mean-by-borders-154176 |access-date=23 February 2021 |publisher=The Conversation |date=2 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203015234/https://theconversation.com/if-were-to-defend-our-borders-from-the-pandemic-what-do-we-mean-by-borders-154176 |archive-date=3 February 2021}}</ref>
Following a [[SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant|Delta variant]] community outbreak in
==South America==
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===Brazil===
Brazil's Education Minister, [[Abraham Weintraub]], tweeted an anti-Chinese slur on 4{{
On 16 April 2020, a judge ruled in favor of tribes in the [[Vale do Javari|Javari Valley]] and barred the evangelical Christian group [[Ethnos360|New Tribes Mission of Brazil]] from entering the area. The group UNIVAJA, which unites some of these tribes, released a statement identifying themselves as "survivors of previous genocidal plagues" and accusing the missionaries of "physically expos[ing] us to a lethal virus". Two months earlier, President Bolsonaro had selected a former missionary from New Tribes to head the government agency responsible for protecting these tribes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/coronavirus-indigenous-amazon-missionaries-bolsonaro_n_5e9cf173c5b635d25d6ec824|title=Amazon Tribes Say Christian Missionaries Threaten 'Genocide' During Pandemic|last=Waldron|first=Travis|date=20 April 2020|website=HuffPost|language=en|access-date=20 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420213113/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/coronavirus-indigenous-amazon-missionaries-bolsonaro_n_5e9cf173c5b635d25d6ec824|archive-date=20 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
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According to Brazilian journalist Gabriel Leão, [[Asian Brazilians]] have not been impacted as much by racism and discrimination as other Asian communities in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly those in the United States, United Kingdom, and other European countries. However, Leão expressed concern that anti-Asian sentiment will increase in Brazil as well, because of how Brazil's president [[Jair Bolsonaro]] tried to use the pandemic as an opportunity to attack China, similar to Donald Trump. In early 2020, Bolsonaro reportedly became convinced that COVID-19 was "part of a Chinese government scheme to expand its global power".
According to Leão, there have already been reports of Brazilians of Asian descent suffering from pandemic-related harassment, for example, being told to "go back to their country" or being accused of "spreading the virus". He himself has heard strangers in Brazil casually curse the "Chinese virus".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Leão |first1=Gabriel |title=I fear for Asian communities in Brazil |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2021/4/2/i-fear-for-asian-communities-in-brazil |access-date=7 May 2021 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |date=2 April 2021}}</ref> [[Chinese Brazilians]] in particular have been dealing with increased occurrences of discrimination in 2020, for example being told to "go back to China", "watch out for sellers", or to "get out, Chinese". One Chinese Brazilian in particular was told "Put the fucking mask on, you piece of shit. These pests come to our country to kill us. Go back to your country, you animal" when he tried to take off his mask to drink water at a clinic in [[Rio de Janeiro]] at the end of 2020.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fleck |first1=Giovana |title=Is Bolsonaro's anti-China rhetoric fueling anti-Asian hate in Brazil? |url=https://globalvoices.org/2021/03/26/is-bolsonaros-anti-china-rhetoric-fueling-anti-asian-hate-in-brazil/ |access-date=7 May 2021 |agency=[[Global Voices]] |date=26 March 2021}}</ref>
==Responses==
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Canadian Prime Minister [[Justin Trudeau]] condemned racism against [[Chinese Canadians]] while attending a Lunar New Year festival in Toronto on 29 January 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/video/6494388/trudeau-condemns-racism-linked-to-coronavirus-outbreak/|title=Trudeau condemns racism linked to coronavirus outbreak |website=Global News |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203013617/https://globalnews.ca/video/6494388/trudeau-condemns-racism-linked-to-coronavirus-outbreak|archive-date=3 February 2020|access-date=3 February 2020}}</ref> Likewise, [[John Tory]], the Mayor of Toronto, denounced xenophobia toward Chinese Canadians, amid reports of increasing stigma facing that community.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/toronto-mayor-denounces-xenophobia-against-chinese-community-amid-coronavirus-fears-n1125991|title=Toronto mayor denounces xenophobia against Chinese community amid coronavirus fears|date=29 January 2020 |publisher=NBC News|language=en|access-date=18 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206143000/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/toronto-mayor-denounces-xenophobia-against-chinese-community-amid-coronavirus-fears-n1125991|archive-date=6 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Jaynes|first=Allie|url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/thecurrent/the-current-for-jan-28-2020-1.5442819/chinese-canadians-speak-out-against-racism-misinformation-in-wake-of-coronavirus-1.5442824|title=Chinese Canadians speak out against racism, misinformation in wake of coronavirus|date=28 January 2020|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=2 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202081338/https://www.cbc.ca/radio/thecurrent/the-current-for-jan-28-2020-1.5442819/chinese-canadians-speak-out-against-racism-misinformation-in-wake-of-coronavirus-1.5442824|archive-date=2 February 2020}}</ref>
On 30 January 2020, the [[World Health Organization]]'s Emergency Committee issued a statement advising all countries to be mindful of the "principles of Article{{
In response to the heightened outbreak of the virus in Italy, which caused the Chinese community to shut down businesses due to racist attacks, President [[Sergio Mattarella]] made a surprise visit on 6{{
An [[online petition]] titled "{{Lang|nl|We zijn geen virussen!}}" ("We are not viruses!" in English) was started in the Netherlands on 8{{
On 27 February 2020, the [[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights|High Commissioner for Human Rights]] [[Michelle Bachelet]] called for solidarity with people of ethnic Asian origin subject to such discrimination.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/china-health-rights-idUSL5N2AR3RY|title=U.N. asks world to fight virus-spawned discrimination|date=27 February 2020|work=Reuters|access-date=27 February 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227101356/https://www.reuters.com/article/china-health-rights-idUSL5N2AR3RY|archive-date=27 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
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[[Category:Anti-Chinese sentiment in Asia]]
[[Category:Racially motivated violence]]
[[Category:Racially motivated violence against Asian
[[Category:Xenophobia]]
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