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[[File:Colonel Thomas Holdich.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Colonel Thomas Holdich.]]
[[Colonel]] '''Sir Thomas Hungerford Holdich''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|KCMG|KCIE|CB|FRGS}} (13 February 1843 – 2 November 1929) was an [[England|English]] geographer and president of the [[Royal Geographical Society]]. He is best known as Superintendent of Frontier Surveys in [[British India]], [[Arbitral tribunal|arbiter]] in the [[Cordillera of the Andes Boundary Case]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Williams|first1=Glyn|title=The desert and the dream: A study of Welsh colonization in Chubut 1865 – 1915|date=1975|publisher=University of Wales Press|location=Cardiff|isbn=978-0-7083-0579-9|page=140|chapter=Cwm Hyfryd}}</ref> and author of numerous books, including ''The Gates of India'', ''The Countries of the King's Award'' and ''Political Frontiers and Boundary Making''.<ref name="times">{{cite news |title= Obituary: Sir Thomas Holdich – A Maker of Frontiers |work=[[The Times]] |date=4 November 1929 |page=14 }}</ref>
 
==Life==
[[Colonel]] '''Sir Thomas Hungerford Holdich''', [[Order of St Michael and St George|KCMG]], [[Order of the Indian Empire|KCIE]], [[Order of the Bath|CB]] (1843–1929) was an [[England|English]] geographer and president of the [[Royal Geographical Society]]. He is best known as [[Superintendent of Frontier Surveys]] in [[British India]] and author of numerous books, including ''The Gates of India'', ''The Countries of the King's Award'' and ''Political Frontiers and Boundary Making''.
Born in [[Dingley, Northamptonshire|Dingley]], [[Northamptonshire]], [[England]] to the Rev. Thomas Peach Holdich, he was educated at [[Godolphin and Latymer School|Godolphin Grammar School]] and the [[Royal Military Academy, Woolwich|Royal Military Academy]], obtaining a commission in the [[Royal Engineers]] in 1862. He saw active service in the [[Bhutan]] expedition of 1865, the [[1868 Expedition to Abyssinia|Abyssinian campaign of 1867-681867–68]] and the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]] of 1878-791878–79.▼
 
During peacetime, Holdich was largely occupied with the survey of India. He was the chief surveyor on the [[Afghan Boundary Commission]] of 1884–86. The Commission soon found itself in the midst of a crisis, inflamed by the [[Panjdeh incident]]; when this nearly led to war with Russia, Holdich was put in charge of fortifying [[Herat]] against a potential Russian invasion.<ref>[[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess of Salisbury|Salisbury, Robert]] (2020). ''William Simpson and the Crisis in Central Asia, 1884-5''. {{ISBN|978-1-5272-7047-3}}</ref> He later served on the Tasmar Boundary Commission of 1894, the Pamir Boundary Commission of 1895 and the Perso-Baluchistan Boundary Commission of 1896. He was awarded the [[Founder's Medal]] of the [[Royal Geographical Society]] in 1887 in recognition of his work on the Afghan frontier.
▲Born in [[Dingley, Northamptonshire|Dingley]], [[Northamptonshire]], [[England]] to the Rev. Thomas Holdich, he was educated at [[Godolphin and Latymer School|Godolphin Grammar School]] and the [[Royal Military Academy, Woolwich|Royal Military Academy]], obtaining a commission in the [[Royal Engineers]] in 1862. He saw active service in the [[Bhutan]] expedition of 1865, the [[1868 Expedition to Abyssinia|Abyssinian campaign of 1867-68]] and the [[Second Afghan War]] of 1878-79.
 
During peacetime, heHoldich was largelyalso occupiedmember withof the surveyBritish oftribunal India,engaged and served on thein [[Afghan Boundary Commission]] of 1884http://legal.un.org/riaa/cases/vol_IX/37-86,49.pdf the''The [[Tasmar Boundary Commission]]Cordillera of 1894, the [[PamirAndes Boundary CommissionCase'']] of 1895 and the [[Perso-Baluchistan Boundary Commission]] of 1896. He was also engaged by the governments of [[Argentina]] and [[Chile]] in 18921902 to define[[Cordillera of the Andes Boundary Case|arbitrate the boundary]] along the [[Andes| Andes Mountains]]. HeFor this service he was awardedappointed thea GoldKnight MedalCommander of the [[RoyalOrder of St Michael and GeographicalSt SocietyGeorge]] in 1887(KCMG) in recognitionDecember of1902.<ref>{{London hisGazette work|issue=27503 on|date=12 theDecember Afghan1902 frontier.|page=8589}}</ref>
 
On his retirement to half-pay in 1898, he thanked "that providence which had been good to me in that during that last year of my Indian career I had been able to put a round finish on the last of our frontier maps". InHe laterwas years, he wrote and lectured extensivelyplaced on geographicalthe issues,Retired andlist servedwith asan presidentIndian ofpension the13 RoyalFebruary Geographical Society from 1917-191900.<ref>{{London He contributed a number of entries to the [[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh EditionGazette|issue=27167|page=1173|eleventh editiondate=20 ofFebruary the Encyclopædia Britannica]].1900}}</ref>
 
In later years, he wrote and lectured extensively on geographical issues, and served as president of the Royal Geographical Society from 1917 to 1919. He also served as President of the Geographical Association between 1917 and 1918. He contributed a number of entries to the [[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|eleventh edition of the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'']].
Sir Thomas was married to Ada Vanrenan, and had two daughters and two sons. He died in 1929 at his home at Parklands in [[Merrow, Surrey]], near [[Guildford]], at the age of 86.▼
 
<blockquote>Boundaries are the inevitable product of advancing civilisation; they are human inventions not necessarily supported by nature's dispositions, and as such they are only of solid value so long as they can be made strong enough and secure enough to prevent
==List of publications==▼
their violation and infringement. – Sir Thomas Hungerford Holdich (1916)<ref>Political Frontiers and Boundary Making (London:Macmillan
* T H Holdich, [[L A Bethell]] and [[Hamilton Bower]]. ''The Abor Expedition: Geographical Results: Discussion''. [[Geographical Journal]], Feb., 1913, vol. 41, no. 2, pages 109-114.▼
and Co., 1916 p.2.</ref></blockquote>
 
His thought on international boundaries emphasized a need for them to be, or have the potential to become, militarily strong.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Geography of Frontiers and Boundaries |last=Prescott |first=J.R.V. |publisher=Hutchinson University Library |year=1965 |pages=14}}</ref>
* T H Holdich. ''Boundaries in Europe and the Near East'', 1918.▼
 
▲Sir Thomas was married to Ada Vanrenan, and had two daughters and two sons. HeHoldich died in 1929 at his home at Parklands in [[Merrow, Surrey]], near [[Guildford]], at the age of 86.
* T H Holdich. ''Countries of the King’s Award'', 1904.▼
 
* T H Holdich. ''England’s Strength in Asia''. Proceedings of the Central Asian Society, 1904.▼
 
* T H Holdich. ''Gates of India'', 1910.▼
 
* T H Holdich. ''Indian Borderland 1880-1900'', 1901.▼
 
▲==List of publications==
* T H Holdich. (Editor). ''Peru-Bolivia Boundary Commission Report 1911-1913''. 1918.▼
▲* T H Holdich. ''Boundaries in Europe and the Near East'', 1918.
▲* T H Holdich. ''GatesFrontiers ofand IndiaBoundary Making'', 19101916.
▲* T H Holdich, [[LLeonard AArthur Bethell]] and [[Hamilton Bower]]. ''The Abor Expedition: Geographical Results: Discussion''. [[Geographical Journal]], Feb., 1913, vol. 41, no. 2, pages 109-114109–114.
* T H Holdich. ''Gates of India, Being an Historical Narrative of Early Relations Between the East and the West'', 1910.
* T H Holdich. ''Tibet, the Mysterious'', 1906.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Review of ''Tibet, the Mysterious'' by Sir Thomas Holdich|journal=Journal of the Royal Colonial Institute|date=February 1907|issue=3, Session 1906–1907|pages=194–195|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eDo4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA194}}</ref>
▲* T H Holdich. ''Countries of the King’sKing's Award'', 1904.
▲* T H Holdich. ''England’sEngland's Strength in Asia''. Proceedings of the Central Asian Society, 1904.
▲* T H Holdich. ''Indian Borderland 1880-19001880–1900'', 1901.
* M. G. Gerard, T. H. Holdrich, R. A. Wahab, A. W. Alcock. [http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/afghanenglish/159 Report on the proceedings of the Pamir Boundary Commission.] Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India. 1897.
* T H Holdich. ''Notes on the Antiquities, Ethnography and History of Las Bela and Makran'', 1894.
* {{cite book |title=The Empire and the century |publisher=John Murray |location=London |pages=651–662 |chapter=[[s:The Empire and the century/The Frontier Question|The Frontier Question]]|year=1905}}
 
==Family==
* T H Holdich. ''Frontiers and Boundary Making'', 1916.
Holdich was married to Ada Vanrenen, and had two daughters and two sons.
His elder daughter Laura Holdich married in 1898 Major Edmund Peach (1865–1902), Indian Staff Corps.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Obituaries |date=22 December 1902 |page=6 |issue=36957}}</ref>
 
==References==
* T H Holdich. ''Tibet the Mysterious'', 1906.
{{Reflist}}
 
▲* T H Holdich. (Editor). ''Peru-Bolivia Boundary Commission Report 1911-1913''. 1918.
 
==External links==
{{wikisource author|Thomas Hungerford Holdich}}
* [http://www.holdiches.orgcom/sir-thomas-hungerford-holdich-1843-1929/thomasholdich.htm Biography] from the Holdich Family History Society
* [httphttps://www.jstor.org/pss/1784003 The Geographical Journal] -– Obituary, Vol LXXV, No 3, March 1930▼
* [http://www.himalayanclub.org/journal/in-memoriam-3/ In Memoriam: Colonel Sir Thomas Hungerford Holdich, k.c.m.g., k.c.i.e., c.b. (1843—1929.)] - Himalayan Journal
* {{Gutenberg author | id=41957| name=Thomas Holdich}}
* [http://www.aim25.ac.uk/cats/10/6437.htm Royal Geographical Society] - archived documents
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Thomas Holdich}}
* [http://images.rgs.org/search_.aspx?artistID=7712 Royal Geographical Society] - Paintings by Holdich
▲* [http://www.jstor.org/pss/1784003 The Geographical Journal] - Obituary, Vol LXXV, No 3, March 1930
 
{{RGSPresidents}}
 
{{Authority control}}
{{Persondata
 
|NAME=Holdich, Thomas Hungerford
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=English geographer, writer and soldier; surveyed the Indian frontier, and Chilean-Argentine border
|DATE OF BIRTH=1843
|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Dingley, Northamptonshire|Dingley]], [[Northamptonshire]], [[England]]
|DATE OF DEATH=1929
|PLACE OF DEATH=[[Merrow, Surrey|Merrow]], [[Surrey]], [[England]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Holdich, Thomas}}
[[Category:1843 births]]
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[[Category:British military personnel of the Abyssinian War]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Royal Geographical Society]]
[[Category:Central Asian studiesIndology]]
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[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
 
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
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[[Category:British people in colonial India]]
{{Geographer-stub}}
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