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{{Short description|Proposed Russian navy ship}}
{{For|[[dock landing ship|landing ships]] named Ivan Rogov and Mitrofan Moskalenko|Ivan Rogov-class landing ship}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin|display title=none}}
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image= 23900 project landing craft utility layout during the "Armiya 2022" exhibition.jpg
| Ship image=
| Ship caption= Official computer-generated imagemodel of the Project 23900.
}}
{{Infobox ship class overview
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| Ship tonnage=
| Ship displacement= 40,000 tons<ref name="ria20213"/>
| Ship length= {{convert|220|m|ftftin|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://i.servimg.com/u/f46/15/11/39/27/russia10.jpg |title=Севастополь и Bладивосток |trans-title=Sevastopol and Vladivostok |language=ru |website=servimg.com |format=jpg}}</ref>
| Ship tons burthen=
| Ship beam= {{convert|38|m|ftftin|abbr=on}}
| Ship length= {{convert|220|m|ft|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://i.servimg.com/u/f46/15/11/39/27/russia10.jpg |title=Севастополь и Bладивосток |trans-title=Sevastopol and Vladivostok |language=ru |website=servimg.com |format=jpg}}</ref>
| Ship beam= {{convert|38|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| Ship height=
| Ship draught= {{convert|7.5|m|ftftin|abbr=on}}
| Ship depth=
| Ship hold depth=
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| Ship power=
| Ship propulsion= 2 × [[Kolomna Locomotive Works|16D49]] [[turbo diesel]]s (5 MW each), 2 × M90FR gas turbines (21 MW each)
| Ship speed= {{convert|22|kn|mph km/h|abbr=on}}
| Ship range= {{convert|6000|mi|nmi km|abbr=on}}
| Ship endurance= 60 days
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| Ship capacity= *75 armored fighting vehicles
*4 landing or assault boats of the:
*[[{{sclass2|Serna-class |landing craft|Serna-class]]4}}
*[[{{sclass2|Dyugon-class |landing craft|Dyugon-class]]4}}
*2 {{sclass2|Tsaplya|LCAC|4}}
| Ship troops= up to 900 marines
| Ship complement= 320 crew
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| Ship sensors=
| Ship EW=
| Ship armament= *1 x 100mm100 mm [[AK-100 (naval gun)|A190]] naval gun
*3 x [[Kashtan CIWS]]
*2 x [[Pantsir-M]]
| Ship armour=
| Ship aircraft= *Up to 1621 military helicopters and 4 drones, mix of:
*[[Kamov Ka-27]]
*[[Kamov Ka-27#Variants|Kamov Ka-29]]
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|}
 
The '''Project 23900 ''Ivan Rogov''''' is the newest class of Russian [[amphibious assault ship]]s (LHDs) intended as a replacement for the French {{sclass|Mistral|amphibious assault ship|4}}, two of which were ordered by Russia in 2011, but that France refused to deliver in September 2014 due to the [[Russo-Ukrainian War|Russia's military intervention in Ukraine]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-29052599 |title=Ukraine crisis: France halts warship delivery to Russia |website=[[BBC News]] |date=3 September 2014 |access-date=29 September 2019}}</ref> A contract was signed on 22 May 2020 for the construction of two Project 23900 LHDsships with a displacement of 40,000 tons.<ref name="ria20213">{{cite web |url=https://ria.ru/20201230/vertoletonostsy-1591490559.html |title=Минобороны рассказало о водоизмещении строящихся в Керчи вертолетоносцев |trans-title=The Ministry of Defense spoke about the displacement of helicopter carriers under construction in Kerch |date=30 December 2020 |website=[[RIA Novosti]] |language=ru |access-date=6 June 2021}}</ref> The construction is led by [[JSC Zelenodolsk Design Bureau]], which is a part of [[JSC Ak Bars Shipbuilding Corporation]], and the first vessel should be launched by 2024 and commissioned by 2026.
 
Previously, the '''Lavina''' ({{lang-langx|ru|Лавина||Avalanche}}), and '''Priboy''' ({{lang-langx|ru|Прибой||Surf}})<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tvzvezda.ru/news/opk/content/201706271201-ad8x.htm |title=Эксперт рассказал, почему российский корабль "Прибой" лучше французского "Мистраля" |trans-title=Expert explains why the Russian ship "Priboy" is better than the French "Mistral" |language=ru |website=[[Zvezda (TV channel)|Zvezda]] |date=27 June 2017 |access-date=17 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005140326/https://tvzvezda.ru/news/opk/content/201706271201-ad8x.htm |archive-date=5 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Priboy class">{{cite web |url=https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/4370916 |title=В России началась работа над проектом перспективного вертолетоносца "Прибой" |trans-title=In Russia, work has begun on a project for a promising helicopter carrier "Priboy" |language=ru |website=[[TASS]] |date=28 June 2017 |access-date=17 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719144116/http://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/4370916 |archive-date=19 July 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> designs were proposed by the [[Nevskoe Design Bureau]] and [[Krylov State Research Center]] as the replacement for ''Mistrals''.<ref name=Lenta1>{{cite web |url=https://lenta.ru/news/2015/06/19/v_ochered/ |title=В России разработали второй корабль на замену "Мистралям" |trans-title=Russia has developed a second ship to replace the "Mistrals" |language=ru |website=[[Lenta.ru]] |date=15 June 2015 |access-date=17 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151229202424/http://lenta.ru/news/2015/06/19/v_ochered/ |archive-date=29 December 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Lenta2>{{cite web |url=https://lenta.ru/news/2016/07/29/identichny_naturalnomu/ |title=ВМФ заявил о подготовке технического задания на разработку аналога "Мистралей" |trans-title=The Navy announced the preparation of technical specifications for the development of an analogue of "Mistrals" |language=ru |website=Lenta.ru |date=29 July 2016 |access-date=17 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730161424/https://lenta.ru/news/2016/07/29/identichny_naturalnomu/ |archive-date=30 July 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
 
Project 23900 is also a successor class to the unrealized Soviet [[Project 11780]] LHD program.{{citation needed (lead)|date=October 2024}}
 
==History==
[[File:Mock_amphibious_assault_ship_of_the_surf_on_«Army_2015»_1.JPG|thumb|left|ProjectOriginal 23900"Priboy" design model]]
Initially, the "Priboy" and "Lavina" helicopter carrier designs were first revealed in June 2015 during the "ARMY-2015" military-technical forum, as a replacement for the two undelivered ''Mistral''-class vessels ordered by Russia in 2011 under a $1.3 billion contract.{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}} However, due to the [[International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian crisisWar|Westerninternational sanctions against Russia]], the French refused to proceed with the delivery and the deal was suspended in 2015. France subsequently returned to Russia the deposit paid for the construction of the two vessels.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-33798102 |title=Mistral warships: Russia and France agree compensation deal |website=[[BBC News]] |date=5 August 2015 |access-date=13 September 2019}}</ref> Both vessels were later sold to the [[Egyptian Navy]].
 
On 25 May 2017, Russian Deputy Defence Minister [[Yury Borisov]] stated that the construction cycle of new Russian helicopter carrier would last at least four years and the first such ship willwas projected to be completed by 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tass.com/defense/947622 |title=Russia to build first helicopter carrier by 2022 |website=[[TASS]] |date=25 May 2017 |access-date=17 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423151829/http://tass.com/defense/947622 |archive-date=23 April 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2017/may-2017-navy-naval-forces-defense-industry-technology-maritime-security-global-news/5235-russian-mod-first-lhd-amphibious-assault-ship-to-be-built-in-russia-by-2022.html |title=Russian MoD: First LHD Amphibious Assault Ship to be Built in Russia by 2022 |website=Navyrecognition.com |date=29 May 2017 |access-date=17 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190309034946/http://navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2017/may-2017-navy-naval-forces-defense-industry-technology-maritime-security-global-news/5235-russian-mod-first-lhd-amphibious-assault-ship-to-be-built-in-russia-by-2022.html |archive-date=9 March 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
 
In June 2017, Vice President of the [[United Shipbuilding Corporation]] Igor Ponomarev said the "Priboy" helicopter carriers were implemented in Russia's New State Armament Programme for 2018–2025 and that the construction of the ships could be carried either by [[Severnaya Verf]], [[Baltic Shipyard]] or [[Sevmash]].<ref name="Priboy class"/>
 
In July 2017, a member of the Russia's [[State Duma]] Dmitry Belik announced, the lead ship of the class willwould be named ''Sevastopol'', after the city of [[Sevastopol]].<ref name=Sevastopol>{{cite web |url=https://lenta.ru/news/2017/07/27/sevast/ |title=Перспективный российский вертолетоносец назовут "Севастополем" |trans-title=Promising Russian helicopter carrier to be named "Sevastopol" |language=ru |website=Lenta.ru |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=17 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718204316/https://lenta.ru/news/2017/07/27/sevast/ |archive-date=18 July 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> The cost for the ship is to be about RUB40 billion ($675 million),<ref name=Price>{{cite web |url=https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2017/july-2017-navy-naval-forces-defense-industry-technology-maritime-security-global-news/5377-russia-s-first-priboy-lhd-amphibious-assault-ship-to-cost-675-millions.html |title=Russia's First Priboy LHD Amphibious Assault Ship to Cost $675 Millions |website=NavyRecognition.com |date=10 July 2017 |access-date=17 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010214618/http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2017/july-2017-navy-naval-forces-defense-industry-technology-maritime-security-global-news/5377-russia-s-first-priboy-lhd-amphibious-assault-ship-to-cost-675-millions.html |archive-date=10 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> and its construction would begin after approval of the New State Armament Programme for 2018-2025.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/4575972 |title=Строительство российских вертолетоносцев начнут после утверждения госпрограммы вооружений |trans-title=The construction of Russian helicopter carriers will begin after the approval of the state armaments program |language=ru |website=[[TASS]] |date=20 September 2017 |access-date=17 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722175629/http://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/4575972 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
 
On 11 September 2019, it was reported that the first and second vessel of the class willwould be laid down in May 2020 at [[Zalyv Shipbuilding yard|Zaliv Shipyard]], [[Crimea]].<ref name="TASS September 2019">{{cite web |url=https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/6872382 |title=Источники: первые два российских вертолетоносца заложат на верфи в Крыму весной 2020 года |trans-title=Source: The first two Russian helicopter carriers will be laid at a shipyard in Crimea in the spring of 2020 |language=ru |website=[[TASS]] |date=11 September 2019 |access-date=12 September 2019}}</ref>
 
On 22 May 2020, according to a [[TASS]] news agency report, the Russian Defence Ministry had signed a RUB100 billion deal for the construction of two universal landing ships (LHDs), thewith construction of which willto take place at the Zaliv Shipyard in Crimea.<ref name="contract signed">{{cite web |url=https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/8535627 |title=Источник: Минобороны подписало контракт на два вертолетоносца |trans-title=Source: the Ministry of Defense signed a contract for two helicopter carriers |language=ru |website=[[TASS]] |date=22 May 2020 |access-date=9 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2020/may-2020/8485-russian-mod-signs-contract-for-two-project-23900-helicopter-carriers-lhd.html |title=Russian MoD Signs Contract for Two Project 23900 Helicopter Carriers LHD |website=NavyRecognition.com |date=27 May 2020 |access-date=9 June 2020}}</ref> The{{asof|2020}}, the two vessels shouldhad been projected to be delivered to the Russian Navy in 2026 and 2027, respectively.<ref name="TASSapril2020">{{cite web |url=https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/8207635 |title=Источник: Россия потратит 100 млрд рублей на постройку первых двух вертолетоносцев |trans-title=Source: Russia will spend 100 billion rubles on the construction of the first two helicopter carriers |language=ru |website=TASS |date=10 April 2020 |access-date=9 June 2020}}</ref>
 
On 20 July 2020, during the [[Keelkeel laying|laying down]] ceremony, the names of the first two ships were officially revealed. The ships were named ''Ivan Rogov'' and ''Mitrofan Moskalenko'', the same as two already decommissioned [[{{sclass|Ivan Rogov-class |landing ship|''Ivan Rogov''-class]]0}} vessels.<ref name="keel laid">{{cite web |url=https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/9006521 |title=В России впервые заложили два универсальных десантных корабля-вертолетоносца |trans-title=Two universal amphibious assault helicopter carriers were laid down for the first time in Russia |website=TASS |language=ru |date=20 July 2020 |access-date=20 July 2020}}</ref>
 
On 28 February 2021, it was reported that the shipbuilders had begun to build the hulls of the two future amphibious assault ships. It was also reported that construction was going on schedule, that the displacement of each of them willwould be 40,000 tons, and that the ships willwould behave ablethe tocapacity carryof up to four [[Sukhoi S-70 Okhotnik-B]] drones, to both perform strike missions and to perform target designation for the hypersonic [[3M22 Zircon|Zircon]] missiles launched from other ships.<ref name="tass20212">{{Cite web |url=https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/10798699 |title=Источник: на заводе "Залив" начали формировать корпуса будущих кораблей-вертолетоносцев |trans-title=Source: The Zaliv plant began to form the hulls of future helicopter carriers |language=ru |date=28 February 2021 |website=ТАSS}}</ref>{{update after|2024|10|7}}<!-- what happened in 2022-2024, following the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]] and hostilities on Crimea and in Sevastapol? -->
 
On 11 October 2021, it was reported that ''Mitrofan Moskalenko'' would become the flagship of the Black Sea Fleet. Infrastructure facilities initially intended for the second ''Mistral''-class vessel are being prepared in Sevastopol, scheduled to be ready by the time the ship is commissioned.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/10/russian-navy-project-23900-lhd-to-become-black-sea-fleets-flagship/|title=Russian Navy Project 23900 LHD To Become Black Sea Fleet's Flagship|date=11 October 2021|access-date=6 January 2022|website=navalnews.com}}</ref>
 
==Design==
"Lavina" was the first designation for the class, revealed at the «ARMY-2015» military-technical forum, and stands for the heavier variant designed by Krylov with a displacement of about 24,000 tons. "Priboy" used to refer to the lighter variant designed by Nevskoe, and displacing about 14,000 tons.<ref name=Lenta1/><ref name=Lenta2/>
 
However, basedBased on images showedshown to [[Vladimir Putin]] at a January 2020 exposition devoted to the future for the Russian Navy, the two Project 23900 LHDsships ordered for the [[Russian Navy]] appear to be a design derivative from the French {{sclass|Mistral|amphibious assault ship|4}}, having similar architecture and dimensions.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2020/05/russian-mod-signs-construction-contract-for-two-project-23900-lhd-for-the-russian-navy/ |title=Russian MoD Signs Construction Contract for Two Project 23900 LHD for the Russian Navy |website=NavalNews.com |date=26 May 2020 |access-date=9 June 2020}}</ref> The Project 23900 will be even larger and displace about 40,000 tons.<ref name="tass20212"/>
 
On 20 July 20, 2020, at the official ceremony for the laying down of the Project 23900, a computer-generated image was showcased to represent the warship. Based on that image, the design of Project 23900 looks like a hybrid between the Lavina and the ''Mistral''.<ref name="keel laid"/>
 
On 14 December 2021, it was reported that the Project 23900 ships will be able to carry strike and reconnaissance drones, which will greatly enhance the helicopter carriers' combat capabilities.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/12/russian-navy-project-23900-lhd-to-carry-drones/|title=Russian Navy Project 23900 LHD To Carry Drones|date=14 December 2021|access-date=6 January 2022|website=navalnews.com}}</ref>
 
On 6 January 2022, it was reported that the amphibious assault ships will be armed with mine warfare unmanned surface vessels, which will detect, identify, and destroy sea mines. This will allow the vessels to operate independent from the support of minesweepers, allowing them to independently fulfill missions in blue waters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2022/01/russian-navy-project-23900-lhd-to-carry-mine-warfare-usv/|title=Russian Navy Project 23900 LHD To Carry Mine Warfare USV|date=6 January 2022|access-date=6 January 2022|website=navalnews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/18084543|title=Источник: новые корабли-вертолетоносцы оснастят безэкипажными катерами для самозащиты|date=22 June 2023|website=TASS|language=ru}}</ref>
 
On 20 June 2024, it was reported that ''Ivan Rogov'' will be ready for factory and sea trials by the end of 2027, and should be delivered to the [[Russian Navy]] in Q3 2028.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://flotprom.ru/2024/%D0%9C%D0%B2%D0%BC%D1%8117/|title=Источник раскрыл сроки начала испытаний головного УДК проекта 23900|date=20 June 2024|website=flotprom.ru|language=ru}}</ref>
 
==Export==
Line 125 ⟶ 134:
|-
| ''Ivan Rogov''
| [[Zalyv Shipbuilding yard|Zaliv Shipyard]]
| 20 July 2020<ref name="keel laid"/>
|
| ''2028''<ref name="TASSapril2020"/><ref name="navykorabel2022b">{{Cite web|url=https://navy-korabel.livejournal.com/257030.html#cutid1|title=Строительство боевых кораблей основных классов для ВМФ России на 01.01.2022|date=1 January 2022|language=ru|website=navy-korabel}}</ref>
| ''2026''<ref name="TASSapril2020"/>
| [[Pacific Fleet (Russia)|Pacific Fleet]]<ref name="navykorabel2022b"/>
| [[Northern Fleet]]?
| Under construction<ref name="seawaves">{{Cite web |url=https://seawaves.com/?p=9411 |title=Zaliv Shipyard Begins Construction of UDC Assault Ships |date=2 March 2021 |website=SeaWaves Magazine }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| ''Mitrofan Moskalenko''
| Zaliv Shipyard
| 20 July 2020<ref name="keel laid"/>
|
| ''20272029''<ref name="TASSapril2020"/><ref name="navykorabel2022b"/>
| [[Black Sea Fleet|Black Sea]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tass.com/defense/1347055|title = Mitrofan Moskalenko helicopter carrier to become Russian Black Sea Fleet flagship — source}}</ref>
| Under construction<ref name="seawaves"/>
|}