Stockholm: Difference between revisions

| subdivision_type = [[Country]]

| subdivision_name = {{flag|[[Sweden}}]]

'''Stockholm''' ({{IPA|sv|ˈstɔ̂kː(h)ɔlm|lang|Sv-Stockholm.ogg}})<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hedelin |first=Per |title=Norstedts svenska uttalslexikon |publisher=Norstedts |year=1997 |location=Stockholm}}</ref> is the [[Capital city|capital]] and [[List of urban areas in Sweden by population|most populous city]] of the Kingdom of [[Sweden]], as well as the [[List of urban areas in the Nordic countries|largest urban area in the Nordic countries]]. Approximately

1 million people live in the [[Stockholm Municipality|municipality]],<ref name="SCB2014">{{Cite web |title=Folkmängden per månad efter region, ålder och kön. År 2000M01 - 2021M12 |url=https://www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se/pxweb/sv/ssd/START__BE__BE0101__BE0101A/BefolkManad/ |publisher=SCB |access-date=1 March 2022 |archive-date=5 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405062310/http://www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se/pxweb/sv/ssd/START__BE__BE0101__BE0101A/BefolkManad |url-status=live }}</ref> with 1.6&nbsp;million in the [[Stockholm urban area|urban area]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Statistics Sweden [SV "Statistiska centralbyrån"] (SCB) |author-link=Statistics Sweden |date=2021-11-24 |title=Statistical urban areas 2020, population, land area, population density [SV "Statistiska tätorter 2020, befolkning, landareal, befolkningstäthet"] |url=https://www.scb.se/MI0810 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927094545/https://www.scb.se/MI0810 |archive-date=2024-09-27 |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=Urban areas and small localities [SV "Tätorter och småorter"] |language=sv}}</ref> and 2.4&nbsp;million in the [[Metropolitan Stockholm|metropolitan area]].<ref name="SCB2014" /> The city stretches across fourteen islands where [[Mälaren|Lake Mälaren]] flows into the [[Baltic Sea]]. Outside the city to the east, and along the coast, is the island chain of the [[Stockholm archipelago]]. The area has been settled since the [[Stone Age]], in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman [[Birger Jarl]]. The city serves as the county seat of [[Stockholm County]].

Stockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's [[Gross domestic product|GDP]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Finansiella sektorn bär frukt—Analys av den finansiella sektorn ur ett svenskt perspektiv |url=http://www.regeringen.se/content/1/c6/09/80/26/c1d1f5aa.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728022057/http://www.regeringen.se/content/1/c6/09/80/26/c1d1f5aa.pdf |archive-date=28 July 2014 |access-date=19 July 2014 |publisher=[[Government of Sweden]]}}</ref> and is among the top 10 regions in [[Europe]] by [[List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita|GDP per capita]].<ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Regional GDP per capita in the EU in 20 10: eight capital regions in the ten first places |url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/1-21032013-AP/EN/1-21032013-AP-EN.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403140856/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/1-21032013-AP/EN/1-21032013-AP-EN.PDF |archive-date=3 April 2013 |access-date=19 July 2014 |publisher=[[Eurostat]] }}</ref> Considered a [[global city]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=The World According to GaWC 2020 |url=https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2020t.html |access-date=31 August 2020 |department=GaWC - Research Network |publisher=Globalization and World Cities |archive-date=24 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824031341/https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2020t.html |url-status=live }}</ref> it is the largest in [[Scandinavia]] and the main centre for [[corporate headquarters]] in the Nordic region.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Olshov |first=Anders |title=The location of nordic and global headquarters 2010 |date=2010 |publisher=Øresundsinstituttet |location=Malmö |page=197 |oclc=706436140 |quote=Stockholm is the main centre of headquarters in the Nordic region}}</ref> The city is home to some of Europe's top -ranking universities, such as the [[Karolinska Institute]] (medicine), [[KTH Royal Institute of Technology]], [[Stockholm School of Economics]] and [[Stockholm University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=World University Rankings 2011–12: Europe |url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2011-12/world-ranking/region/europe |access-date=19 July 2014 |publisher=TSL Education Ltd |archive-date=1 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140801205351/http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2011-12/world-ranking/region/europe |url-status=live }}</ref> It hosts the annual [[Nobel Prize]] ceremonies and banquet at the [[Stockholm Concert Hall]] and [[Stockholm City Hall]]. One of the city's most prized museums, the [[Vasa Museum]], is the most visited museum in Scandinavia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find out how to visit Scandinavia in this complete guide |url=https://www.nordicvisitor.com/blog/scandinavia-guide-best-time-place/ |access-date=18 October 2023 |website=www.nordicvisitor.com |language=en |archive-date=18 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018224322/https://www.nordicvisitor.com/blog/scandinavia-guide-best-time-place/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Stockholm metro]], opened in 1950, is well known for the decor of its stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stockholm's underground subway art |url=http://www.bbc.com/travel/slideshow/20120709-stockholms-underground-subway-art |access-date=19 July 2014 |publisher=BBC |archive-date=6 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406232923/http://www.bbc.com/travel/slideshow/20120709-stockholms-underground-subway-art |url-status=live }}</ref> The city was the host of the [[1912 Summer Olympics]], and has played host to several other international sports events since.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stockholm 1912 Olympic Games {{!}} Olympic Records, Sweden & Athletics {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Stockholm-1912-Olympic-Games |access-date=18 October 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en |archive-date=19 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419110602/https://www.britannica.com/event/Stockholm-1912-Olympic-Games |url-status=live }}</ref>

The earliest written mention of the name Stockholm dates from 1252, by which time the mines in [[Bergslagen]] made it an important site in the iron trade. The first part of the name ({{lang|sv|stock}}) means log in Swedish, although it may also be connected to an old German word ({{lang|de|Stock}}) meaning [[fortification]]. The second part of the name ({{lang|sv|holm}}) means islet and is thought to refer to the islet [[Helgeandsholmen]] in central Stockholm. According to the ''[[EricErik's Chronicle]]'' the city is said to have been founded by [[Birger Jarl]] to protect Sweden from sea invasions made by [[Karelia (historical province of Finland)|Karelians]] after the [[Sigtuna|pillage of Sigtuna]] on Lake Mälaren in the summer of 1187.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Carlquist |first1=Erik |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2gIK29dXvMAC |title=The Chronicle of Duke Erik: A Verse Epic from Medieval Sweden |last2=Hogg |first2=Peter C. |last3=Österberg |first3=Eva |date=1 December 2011 |publisher=Nordic Academic Press |isbn=9789185509577 |access-date=19 June 2016 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225024706/https://books.google.com/books?id=2gIK29dXvMAC |url-status=live }}</ref>

Stockholm's core, the present Old Town ([[Gamla stan|Gamla Stan]]) was built on the central island next to Helgeandsholmen from the mid-13th century onward. The city originally rose to prominence as a result of the Baltic trade of the [[Hanseatic League]]. Stockholm developed strong economic and cultural linkages with [[Lübeck]], [[Hamburg]], [[Gdańsk]] (Danzig), [[Visby]], [[Tallinn]] (Reval), and [[Riga]] during this time.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.river-cities.net/pages/cities/stockholm |title = Retrieved from |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916050317/http://www.river-cities.net/pages/cities/stockholm |archive-date=16 September 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Between 1296 and 1478 Stockholm's City Council was made up of 24 members, half of whom were selected from the town's German-speaking burghers, reflecting the importance of Germans in medieval Nordic trade.

[[File:5c2_The_council_hall_in_stockholm_city_hall_-_rådssalen.JPG|right|thumb|upright=1.15|The municipal council chamber ({{lang-langx|sv|Rådssalen}}), inside [[Stockholm City Hall]]]]The Stockholm [[Municipal council (Sweden)|Municipal Council]] ({{lang-langx|sv|Stockholms kommunfullmäktige}}) is the name of the local assembly. Its 101 councillors are elected concurrently with [[Elections in Sweden|general elections]], held at the same time as the elections to the [[Riksdag]] and [[County councils of Sweden|county councils]]. The Council convenes twice every month at [[Stockholm City Hall]], and the meetings are open to the public. The matters on which the councillors decide have generally already been drafted and discussed by various boards and committees. Once decisions are referred for practical implementation, the employees of the City administrations and companies take over.<ref name="Governance">{{Cite web |title=City Governance |url=http://international.stockholm.se/governance/ |access-date=23 July 2014 |publisher=Stockholm City |archive-date=26 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726195845/http://international.stockholm.se/governance/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The City Executive Board ({{lang-langx|sv|[[Kommunstyrelsen]]}}) is elected by the City Council and is equivalent to a [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet]]. The City Executive Board renders an opinion in all matters decided by the council and bears the overall responsibility for follow-up, evaluation and execution of its decisions. The Board is also responsible for financial administration and long-term development. The City Executive Board consists of 13 members, who represent both the majority and the opposition. Its meetings are not open to the public.<ref name="Governance" />

[[File:Zoro-pfp-1KTH entrance.jpg|thumb|[[KarolinskaKTH Royal Institute of Technology]]. (KI)The islargest technical institution in Sweden's thirdmainly oldestfocuses medicalon schoolconducting research and oneproviding ofeducation thein foremostengineering, medicalscience research institutesand globallytechnology.]]

The [[Vasa Museum]] ({{lang-langx|sv|Vasamuseet}}) is a [[maritime museum]] on [[Djurgården]] which displays the only almost fully intact 17th century [[ship]] that has ever been salvaged, the 64-gun warship ''[[Vasa (ship)|Vasa]]'' that sank on her maiden voyage in 1628.

* The [[Stockholm Culture Festival]] ({{lang-langx|sv|links=no|Stockholms kulturfestival}}) is a free recurring cultural festival in August, which is held by the City of Stockholm. Runs in parallel with We Are Stockholm.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stockholm Culture Festival |url=https://kulturfestivalen.stockholm.se/skf/om-festivalen/ |access-date=16 September 2020 |archive-date=25 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825204440/https://kulturfestivalen.stockholm.se/skf/om-festivalen/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

* The [[Stockholm Water Festival]] ({{lang-langx|sv|links=no|Vattenfestivalen}}) was a popular summer [[festival]] held annually in Stockholm between 1991 and 1999.

Stockholm has an extensive [[public transport]] system. It consists of the [[Stockholm Metro]] ({{lang-langx|sv|Tunnelbanan}}), which consist of three colour-coded main systems (green, red and blue) with seven lines (10, 11, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19); the [[Stockholm commuter rail]] ({{lang-langx|sv|Pendeltåget}}) which runs on the state-owned railroads on six lines (40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 48); four [[Trams in Stockholm|light rail/tramway lines]] ([[Spårväg City|7]], [[Nockebybanan|12]], [[Lidingöbanan|21]], and [[Tvärbanan|22]]); the [[Swedish three foot gauge railways|891 mm]] [[narrow-gauge railway]] [[Roslagsbanan]], on three lines (27, 28, 29) in the northeastern part; the local railway [[Saltsjöbanan]], on two lines (25, 26) in the southeastern part; a large number of bus lines, and the inner-city [[Djurgården ferry]]. The overwhelming majority of the land-based public transport in Stockholm County (save for the airport buses/[[Arlanda Express|airport express trains]] and other few commercially viable bus lines) is organized under the common umbrella of [[Storstockholms Lokaltrafik]] (SL), an {{Lang|sv|[[aktiebolag]]}} wholly owned by [[Stockholm County Council]]. Since the 1990s, the operation and maintenance of the SL public transport services are contracted out to independent companies bidding for contracts, such as [[MTR Corporation|MTR]], which operate the Metro. The archipelago boat traffic is handled by [[Waxholmsbolaget]], which is also wholly owned by the County Council.

* In a 2008 survey published by ''Reader's Digest'' magazine, Stockholm was ranked fourth in the world in its list of the "world's top ten honest cities".<ref>{{cite news |last=Marty |first=Phil |date=23 November 2008 |title=Phoning in search of an honest man |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |url=httphttps://articleswww.chicagotribune.com/2008-/11-/23/travel/0811200371_1_cellphoning-phonesin-hongsearch-kongof-kualaan-lumpurhonest-man/ |access-date=3 September 2016 |archive-date=14 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914073718/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2008-11-23/travel/0811200371_1_cell-phones-hong-kong-kuala-lumpur |url-status=live }}</ref>