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{{Short description|Former state in the French Mandate of Syria}}
{{Infobox Former Country
| conventional_long_name = State of Damascus
| native_name = ''{{lang|fr|État de Damas}}'' ([[French language|French]])<br />{{lang|ar|دولة دمشق}} ([[Arabic]])
| common_name = Damascus
| status = '''1920–1922'''<br>State administered according to the [[French Mandate of Syria]]<br>'''1922–1925'''<br>State of the [[Syrian Federation]] (administered according to the [[French Mandate of Syria]])
|continent = Asia
| empire = France▼
|region = Middle East
| p1 = Arab Kingdom of Syria▼
|country = Syria
| flag_p1 = Flag of Kingdom of Syria (1920-03-08 to 1920-07-24).svg▼
|status = League of Nations Mandate
| s1 = Jabal Druze State{{!}}<small>'''1921:'''</small><br>{{nowrap|Jabal Druze State}}
▲|empire = France
|image_flag flag_s1 = Flag of the State of DamascusSouaida (state).svg▼
▲|p1 = Kingdom of Syria
| s2 = Syrian Federation{{!}}<small>'''1922:'''</small><br>{{nowrap|Syrian Federation}}
▲|flag_p1 = Flag of Kingdom of Syria (1920-03-08 to 1920-07-24).svg
|s1 flag_s2 = StateFlag of Syria (1924–1930)French mandate.svg
|flag_s1 image_flag = Flag of Syriathe FrenchState of mandateDamascus.svg
| image_map = French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon map en.svg
▲|image_flag = Flag of the State of Damascus.svg
|image_map image_map_caption = Location of the State of Damascus (yellow)<br />within the [[French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon|Mandate mapfor en.svgSyria]]
| capital = [[Damascus]]▼
|image_map_caption = Location of the State of Damascus (yellow)<br />within the [[French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon|Mandate for Syria]].
| common_languages = [[French language|French]]<br />[[Arabic]]▼
▲|capital = Damascus
| era = Interwar period▼
▲|common_languages = [[French language|French]]<br />[[Arabic]]
| event_start = [[Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon|French Mandate]]
▲|era = Interwar period
| date_start = 25 July
|event_start = Mandate granted
| year_start = 1920▼
|date_start = 3 September
| event1 = [[Jabal Druze State]] separated
▲|year_start = 1920
| date_event1 = 221 JuneMay 19221921▼
|event1 = Federation established
| event2 = [[Syrian Federation|Federation]]
▲|date_event1 = 22 June 1922
| date_event2 = 28 June 1922
|event_end = Unification of [[Aleppo]] and [[Damascus]]
| event_end = [[State of Syria (1925–1930)|Unification]] with<br>{{nowrap|[[State of Aleppo]]}}
|date_end = 1 December
| date_end = 1 January
|year_end = 1924
| year_end = 1925
| currency =
}}
 
The '''State of Damascus''' (1920&ndash;1924; {{lang-langx|fr|État de Damas}}; {{lang-langx|ar|دولة دمشق}} ''{{transl|ar|Dawlat Dimashq}}''&nbsp;) was one of the six states established by the [[France|French]] General [[Henri Gouraud (French Army officer)|Henri Gouraud]] in the [[French Mandate of Syria]] which followed the [[San Remo conference]] of 1920 and the defeat of [[Faisal I of Iraq|King Faisal]]'s short-lived monarchy in Syria.
 
The other states were the [[State of Aleppo]] (1920), the [[State of Alawites]] (1920), the [[State of Jabal Druze]] (1921), andthe [[The Sanjak of Alexandretta]] (1921)., Theand the [[Greater Lebanon|State of Greater Lebanon]] (1920), becamewhich later became the modern country of [[Lebanon]].
 
== Establishment ==▼
 
▲== Establishment ==
The State of Damascus was declared by the French General [[Henri Gouraud (French Army officer)|Henri Gouraud]] on 3 September 1920,<ref>[http://www.syrianhistory.com/node/3379 Syrian History: Timeline]</ref> with [[Damascus]] as its capital. The first president of the new state was [[Haqqi Al-Azm]]. The state of Damascus included Damascus and its surrounding region, in addition to the cities of [[Homs]], [[Hama]] and the [[Orontes river|Orontes]] river valley.
 
The new Damascus state lost four Qada's (sub-districts) that had been part of the Vilayet (district) of Damascus during Ottoman times to the mainly [[Christians|Christian]] [[Mount Lebanon]] to create the new [[State of Greater Lebanon]]. The territory separated from Damascus corresponds today to the [[Biqa' valley]] plus [[south Lebanon]]. Damascus, and later Syria, continuously protested the separation of these lands and kept demanding them back throughout the mandate period. The population of these regions, which was mainly [[Muslim]], also protested the separation from Damascus.
 
== Syrian Federation and the State of Syria ==
 
==Syrian Federation and the State of Syria==
On 2228 June 1922, general Gouraud announced the [[Syrian Federation (la Fédération Syrienne)]] which included the states of Damascus, Aleppo, and the Alawite state. In 19251924, the Alawite State was separated again. The Syrian Federation became the [[State of Syria (1925–1930)|State of [[Syria]] on 1 January 1925.
 
==Population==
{| cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width=250 align="center" rules="all" style="margin: 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 2px solid #aaa; font-size: 100%;"
|- bgcolor=#DDDDDD
| colspan=8 align="center" | General Distribution of Population in the State of Damascus according to the French census in 1921-22<ref>E. J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936, Volume 2, page 301</ref>
|- bgcolor=#f0f0f0 align="center"
! Religion
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| Foreigners || 49,000 || 8.2%
|-
| [[MutawaliTwelvers]] || 9,000 || 1.5%
|-
| [[Ismailis]] || 8,000 || 1.3%
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|}
 
== See also ==
*[[French Mandate of Syria]]
*[[State of Alawites]]
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*[[French colonial flags]]
 
== References ==
{{reflist}}
 
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Damascus, State of}}
[[Category:1925 disestablishments in Asia]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1920]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1925]]
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[[Category:Former French colonies]]
[[Category:French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon]]
[[Category:Former countries of the interwar period]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Damascus"