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{{Short description|Type of steroid hormone}}
'''Sex steroids''', also known as '''gonadal steroids''', are [[steroid hormone]]s that interact with [[vertebrate]] [[androgen]] or [[estrogen]] [[receptor (biochemistry)|receptor]]s.<ref name="pmid19456336">{{cite journal|last=Guerriero|first=G|title=Vertebrate sex steroid receptors: evolution, ligands, and neurodistribution.|journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences|date=2009 Apr|volume=1163|pages=154-68|pmid=19456336}}</ref> Their effects are mediated by slow genomic mechanisms through [[nuclear receptor]]s as well as by fast nongenomic mechanisms through membrane-associated receptors and [[signaling cascade]]s.<ref name="pmid19258710">{{cite journal|last=Thakur|first=MK|coauthors=Paramanik, V|title=Role of steroid hormone coregulators in health and disease.|journal=Hormone research|date=2009|volume=71|issue=4|pages=194-200|pmid=19258710}}</ref> The term '''''sex hormone''''' is nearly always synonymous with ''sex steroid''. The non-steroid hormones [[luteinizing hormone]], [[follicle-stimulating hormone]] and [[gonadotropin-releasing hormone]] are usually not regarded as sex hormones, although they play major sex-related roles.▼
{{Infobox drug class
| Image = Estradiol.svg
| ImageClass = skin-invert-image
| Alt =
| Caption = [[Estradiol]], an important [[estrogen]] sex hormone in both women and men
| Width = 225px
| Synonyms = Sex steroid; Gonadal steroid
<!-- Class identifiers -->
| Use = Various
| ATC_prefix =
| Biological_target = [[Sex hormone receptor]]s
| Chemical_class = [[Steroid]]al; [[Nonsteroidal]]
<!-- Clinical data -->
| Drugs.com =
| Consumer_Reports =
| medicinenet =
| rxlist =
<!-- External links -->
| MeshID =
}}
▲'''Sex
==Production==
Natural sex
<div class="skin-invert-image">
==Synthetic sex steroids==▼
<gallery widths="250px" heights="250px" class="center" style="font-size:small;">
There are also many synthetic sex steroids. Synthetic androgens are often referred to as [[anabolic steroid]]s. Synthetic estrogens and progestins are used in methods of [[hormonal contraception]]. [[Ethinylestradiol]] is a semi-synthetic estrogen. Specific compounds that have partial agonist activity for [[steroid receptors]], and therefore act in part like natural steroid hormones, are in use in medical conditions that require treatment with steroid in one cell type, but where systemic effects of the particular steroid in the entire organism are only desirable within certain limits.<ref>Copland JA, Sheffield-Moore M, Koldzic-Zivanovic N, Gentry S, Lamprou G, Tzortzatou-Stathopoulou F, Zoumpourlis V, Urban RJ, Vlahopoulos SA. Sex steroid receptors in skeletal differentiation and epithelial neoplasia: is tissue-specific intervention possible? Bioessays. 2009 Jun;31(6):629-41. Review. PMID 19382224</ref>▼
Image:Steroidogenesis.svg
Image:Biosinthesis of steroid hormones (simplified version).jpg
Image:Biosinthesis of steroid hormones (extended version).jpg
Image:Стероидогенез прогестогенов.jpg
Image:Стероидогенез_андрогенов.jpg
Image:Стероидогенез_эстрогенов.jpg
</gallery>
</div>
{{Production rates, secretion rates, clearance rates, and blood levels of major sex hormones}}
==Types==
In many contexts, the two main classes of sex
Sex
* [[
** [[Pregnenolone]] → [[Progesterone]] → [[Allopregnanedione]] → [[Allopregnanolone]]
** [[17α-Hydroxypregnenolone]] → [[17α-Hydroxyprogesterone]]
* [[Androgen]]s
** [[Dehydroepiandrosterone]] → [[Androstenedione]] → [[Androstanedione]] → [[Androsterone]]
** [[Androstenediol]] → [[Testosterone]] → [[Dihydrotestosterone]] → [[Androstanediol]]
** [[2-Hydroxyestrone]] ← [[Estrone]] → [[16α-Hydroxyestrone]]
** [[2-Hydroxyestradiol]] ← [[Estradiol]] → [[Estriol]] → [[Estetrol]]
▲==Synthetic sex steroids==
▲*[[Estrogen]]s:
▲There are also many synthetic sex steroids.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Effect of endogenous and synthetic sex steroids on the clearance of antibody-coated cells |url=https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article-abstract/141/9/2959/21053/Effect-of-endogenous-and-synthetic-sex-steroids-on |access-date=2023-05-22 |website=journals.aai.org}}</ref> Synthetic androgens are often referred to as [[anabolic steroid]]s. Synthetic estrogens and progestins are used in methods of [[hormonal contraception]]. [[Ethinylestradiol]] is a semi-synthetic estrogen. Specific compounds that have partial agonist activity for [[steroid receptors]], and therefore act in part like natural steroid hormones, are in use in medical conditions that require treatment with steroid in one cell type, but where systemic effects of the particular steroid in the entire organism are only desirable within certain limits.<ref name="pmid19382224">
==See also==
* [[List of investigational sex-hormonal agents]]
* [[Effects of hormones on sexual motivation]]
* [[
==References==
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==External links==
* {{MeshName|Sex+Steroid+Hormones}}
{{Steroids}}
{{Major drug groups}}
{{Navboxes
| title = [[Sex steroidergic]]s
| list1 =
{{Androgen receptor modulators}}
{{Estrogen receptor modulators}}
{{Progesterone receptor modulators}}
}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Sex hormones|*]]
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[[Category:Animal sexuality]]
[[Category:Hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis]]
[[Category:Intersex and medicine]]
[[Category:LGBTQ studies]]
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