South Sudan: Difference between revisions

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South Sudan gained independence from Sudan on 9 July 2011, making it the [[List of sovereign states by date of formation|most recent]] sovereign state or country with widespread recognition as of 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/which-are-the-youngest-countries-of-the-world.html|title=The World's Youngest Countries|website=WorldAtlas|date=28 May 2018|language=en|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> It includes the vast swamp region of the [[Sudd]], formed by the [[White Nile]] and known locally as the ''[[Bahr al Jabal (river)|Bahr al Jabal]]'', meaning "Mountain River".<ref>eg. example reference in {{cite web|url=https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Bahr+al+Jabal|title=Bahr el Jabal|work=The Free Dictionary|access-date=1 July 2021}}</ref> Sudan was occupied by [[History of Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty|Egypt]] under the [[Muhammad Ali dynasty]] and was governed as an [[Anglo-Egyptian Sudan|Anglo-Egyptian condominium]] until Sudanese independence in 1956. Following the [[First Sudanese Civil War]], the [[Southern Sudan Autonomous Region (1972–83)|Southern Sudan Autonomous Region]] was formed in 1972 and lasted until 1983. A [[Second Sudanese Civil War|second Sudanese civil war]] soon broke out in 1983 and ended in 2005 with the [[Comprehensive Peace Agreement]]. Later that year, southern autonomy was restored when an [[Autonomous Government of Southern Sudan]] was formed. South Sudan became an [[independent state]] on 9 July 2011, following 98.83% support for independence in [[South Sudanese independence referendum, 2011|a January 2011 referendum]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-sJugNxYVA8|title=Broadcast of Declaration of Independence (part 1)|publisher=YouTube|date=10 July 2011|access-date=2 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721084549/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-sJugNxYVA8|archive-date=21 July 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/user/Laseranthem#p/a/u/0/v5m4JUyBW38|title=Broadcast of Declaration of Independence (part 2)|publisher=YouTube|date=19 June 2011|access-date=2 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707130327/http://www.youtube.com/user/Laseranthem#p/a/u/0/v5m4JUyBW38|archive-date=7 July 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> It has suffered [[Ethnic violence in South Sudan|ethnic violence]] and endured [[South Sudanese Civil War|a civil war]] characterized by rampant [[Human rights in South Sudan|human rights abuses]], including various ethnic massacres and [[List of journalists killed in South Sudan|killings of journalists]] by various parties to the conflict from December 2013 until February 2020, when competing combat leaders [[Salva Kiir Mayardit]] and [[Riek Machar]] struck a unity deal and formed a coalition government,<ref name="power-sharing">{{cite news|title=South Sudan rivals strike power-sharing deal|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-51562367|access-date=28 February 2020|work=[[BBC News]]|date=22 February 2020}}</ref> paving the way for refugees to return home.<ref name=malak>{{cite web| last=Malak| first=Garang A.| title=Trust issues persist in Juba despite new dawn| website=The East African| date=22 February 2020| url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Trust-issues-persist-in-South-Sudan/4552908-5464954-format-xhtml-fexisgz/index.html| access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>