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The magpie-lark was originally described by the English ornithologist [[John Latham (ornithologist)|John Latham]] in the genus ''[[Corvus]]'' in 1801 (as ''Corvus cyanoleucus'').<ref name=mayr>{{cite book | last=Mayr | first=E. | chapter=Family Granillidae, Australian mud nest builders | editor1-last=Mayr | editor1-first=E. | editor2-last=Greenway | editor2-first=J.C. Jr. | year=1962 | title=Check-list of birds of the world, Volume XV | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=159 | chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14485532 }}</ref><ref name=latham25>{{cite book | last=Latham | first=John | year=1801 | title=Supplementum indicis ornithologici sive systematis ornithologiae | place=London | publisher=G. Leigh and S. Sotheby | language=la | page=25 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33261399 }}</ref> Its species name is derived from the [[Ancient Greek]] words ''cyanos'' "dark blue" and ''leukos'' "white" despite the black and white plumage. However, there can be a bluish sheen to the black back.<ref name=fraser13>{{cite book|last1=Gray|first1=Jeannie|last2=Fraser|first2=Ian|title=Australian Bird Names: A Complete Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1TCqHVWQp0C&pg=PT209|year=2013|publisher=Csiro Publishing|location=Collingwood, Victoria | isbn=978-0-643-10471-6|page=249}}</ref> In the same publication, Latham described the same species as ''Gracula picata''.<ref name=mayr/><ref name=latham29>{{cite book | last=Latham | first=John | year=1801 | title=Supplementum indicis ornithologici sive systematis ornithologiae | place=London | publisher=G. Leigh and S. Sotheby | language=la | page=29 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33261403 }}</ref> In 1843, [[Hugh Edwin Strickland]] proposed using the second name as it was the more accurate, resulting in ''Grallina picata''.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Strickland | first=Hugh Edwin | year=1843 | title=Remarks on a collection of Australian drawings of birds, the property of the Earl of Derby | pages=333–38 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2326503 | journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History | volume=11| doi=10.1080/03745484309445312 }}</ref> Formerly, some authorities have classified the magpie-lark as belonging to a genus of bee-eaters, ''[[Merops (genus)|Merops]]''.
 
Latham gave the species the common names of blue and white crow and pied grackle, based on the scientific names.<ref name=latham25/><ref name=latham29/> [[John Gould]] likewise called it the pied grallina in 1848, though he noted that it was called magpie-lark by the early settlers.<ref>{{cite book | last=Gould | first=John | author-link=John Gould | year=1848 | title=The birds of Australia | volume=Volume 2 | place=London | publisher=Self-published | at=Plate 54 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48200705 }}</ref> Alternate names for the magpie-lark include the mudlark (more common in southeastern Australia<ref name=bryant11>{{cite thesis | url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/8744 | author=Bryant, Pauline |title=Regional variation in the lexicon of Australian English |year=2011}}</ref>) or pugwall (pug "clay"), from its nest, and peewee (more common in northeastern Australia<ref name=bryant11/>), peewit, from its call.<ref name=fraser13/> Unlike many species in southwestern Australia, the magpie-lark was given names by the local indigenous people that were [[onomatopoeic]] (sounding like the calls they make). Names recorded include ''byoolkolyedi'' (Perth and lowlands), ''dilabot'' (mountains and interior), and ''koolyibarak''.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Abbott | first=Ian | title=Aboriginal names of bird species in south-west Western Australia, with suggestions for their adoption into common usage |year= 2009 |journal= Conservation Science Western Australia Journal |volume= 7 |issue=2 |pages=213–78 [265–66] |url=http://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/images/documents/about/science/cswa/articles/14.pdf}}</ref> Indigenous people in the Sydney region called it ''birrarik'' or ''birrerik''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Troy, Jakelin|year=1993|title=The Sydney Language|publisher=Self-published| location=Canberra|isbn=0-646-11015-2| url=http://www.williamdawes.org/docs/troy_sydney_language_publication.pdf}}</ref>
 
Additional common names used regionally include Murray magpie in [[South Australia]].<ref name=fraser13/>