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==Life and work==
 
James Ripley Osgood was born in Fryeburg, Maine, on February 22, 1836.<ref>https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/88446244/james-ripley-osgood</ref> A reputed child prodigy, he knew Latin at the age of three and entered college at 12 years of age. He studied at [[Bowdoin College]] in [[Maine]], graduating [[Phi Beta Kappa Society|Phi Beta Kappa]] in 1854.<ref>''General Catalogue of Bowdoin College, 1794-1916,'' p. 147.</ref> While there, he was a member of the Peucinian Society among others.{{citation<ref>Carl needed|date=SeptemberJ. 2016}}Weber, ''The Rise and Fall of James Ripley Osgood'', Waterville, Maine: Colby College Press, 1959.</ref>
 
He entered the publishing trade as a clerk in the Boston firm [[Ticknor and Fields]] and, <!-- after Ticknor's death?--> by 1864, became a partner.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} It was reorganized in 1868 as Fields, Osgood, and Company. The firm inherited ''[[The Atlantic Monthly]]'', as did James R. Osgood and Company, the firm created by Osgood and two remaining partners after Fields retired on New Year's Day 1871.<!--we say in latter biography-->