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{{Short description|14th century Arab historian and Mamluk statesman}}
'''Shihāb al-Dīn Abū al-‘Abbās Aḥmad b. Faḍl Allāh al-'Umarī''' ('''شهاب الدين أبو العبّاس أحمد بن فضل الله العمري'''), or simply '''al-‘Umarī''', (1300 – 1349) was an [[Arab]] [[historian]], born in [[Damascus]].<ref name="Britannica">{{cite web|accessdate=2020-09-04|title=Al-ʿUmarī - Syrian scholar|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/al-Umari|website=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]]}}</ref> His major works include ''at-Taʾrīf bi-al-muṣṭalaḥ ash-sharīf'', on the subject of the [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamlūk]] administration, and ''Masālik al-abṣār fī mamālik al-amṣār'', an encyclopedic collection of related information.<ref name="Britannica"/> The latter was translated into French by [[Maurice Gaudefroy-Demombynes]] in 1927.▼
{{Infobox historian
| name = Ibn Fadlallah al-Umari
| image = <!-- Image of Ibn Fadlallah al-Umari, if available -->
| caption =
| birth_name = Shihab al-Din Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Fadlallah al-Umari
| birth_date = 12 June 1301
| birth_place = [[Damascus]], [[Mamluk Sultanate]] (modern-day [[Syria]])
| death_date = 1 March 1349
| death_place = Damascus, Mamluk Sultanate
| nationality = Arab
| occupation = Historian, Geographer, Bureaucrat
| notable_works = ''Masālik al-abṣār fī mamālik al-amṣār'', ''at-Taʾrīf bi-al-muṣṭalaḥ ash-sharīf''
| era = Mamluk Sultanate
| title =
| influenced =
| influences = [[Ibn Taymiyya]]
}}
▲'''
al-Umari visited [[Cairo]] shortly after the [[Mali Empire|Malian]] ''[[Mansa (title)|Mansa]]'' [[Mansa Musa|Kankan Musa I]]'s pilgrimage to [[Mecca]], and his writings are one of the primary sources for this legendary ''[[hajj]]''. In particular, al-Umari recorded that the Mansa dispensed so much gold that its value fell in [[Egypt]] for a decade afterward, a story that is often repeated in describing the wealth of the Mali Empire.<ref>[https://www.bu.edu/africa/outreach/teachingresources/history/k_o_mali/ Kingdom of Mali Primary Sources] - Boston University: African Studies Center</ref>▼
▲
al-Umari also recorded Kankan Musa's stories of the previous ''mansa''; Kankan Musa claimed that the previous ruler had abdicated the throne to journey to a land across the ocean, leading contemporary [[Mali]]an historian [[Gaoussou Diawara]] to theorize that Abubakari reached the [[Americas]] years before [[Christopher Columbus]].{{citation needed|date=September 2020}}▼
▲
Gaudefroy-Demombynes believed that al-Umari wrote the ''Masalik al-Absar'' between 1342 and 1349, but internal evidence suggests that at least the chapter on Egypt and Syria and the section covering the Mali Empire were written in 1337-1338.<ref name="Holt1987"/><ref name="LevtzionHopkins2000"/>
In March 1339, al-Umari was arrested following an altercation with the sultan, but al-Umari's father persuaded the sultan to spare him, and he was sentenced to house arrest. He subsequently had further conflict with the sultan and was imprisoned, but released in October. He subsequently moved to Damascus, and worked as a secretary there from August 1340 to May or June 1343.<ref name="Holt1987"/>
==Works==
* Ibn Faḍl Allāh al-‘Umārī, ''Masālik al-abṣār'', éd. Sayyid {{When|date=November 2022}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nli.org.il/en/books/NNL_ALEPH001130226/NLI|title= Masalik al-absar fi mamalik al-amsar: l'Egypte, la Syrie, le Higaz at le Yemen / Ibn Fadl Allah al-'Umari Ahmad ibn Yahya edite et presente par Ayman Fu'ad Sayyid.|publisher=|location=Cairo|year=1885|language=French}}</ref><ref>Cited in: {{cite book|first1=Éric|last1=Vallet|url=https://books.openedition.org/psorbonne/2450|chapter=Chapitre 3. Le fisc d’Aden, percepteur, acheteur et vendeur|title=L'Arabie Marchande. État et commerce sous les sultans rasūlides du Yémen (626-858/1229-1454)|series=Bibliothèque historique des pays d’Islam|language=French|publisher=Éditions de la Sorbonne|doi=10.4000/books.psorbonne.2441|oclc=960808924|location=Paris|isbn=9782859448714|date=16 October 2015|page=870|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170922012103/https://books.openedition.org/psorbonne/2450|archive-date=22 September 2017|url-status=live|access-date=21 July 2021}}</ref><ref>Ibn Faḍl Allāh Al‑ʿUmarī, Masālik al‑abṣār fī mamālik al‑amṣār, ed. Muḥammad ʿAbd al‑Qādir Kharīsāt et al., al‑ʿAyn, Zayd Center for Heritage and History, 2001–2004, 25 vols. As cited in: {{cite journal|author=Mehdi Berriah|url=https://journals.openedition.org/cy/6491|title=The Mamluk Sultanate and the Mamluks seen by Ibn Taymiyya: between Praise and Criticism|journal=Arabian Humanities|issue=14|year=2020|issn=2308-6122|oclc=8930826072|doi=10.4000/cy.6491|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210309043132/https://journals.openedition.org/cy/6491|archive-date=9 March 2021|url-status=live|doi-access=free|access-date=21 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=D.S. Richards|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wCklDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA115|title=Egypt and Syria in the Early Mamluk Period: An Extract from Ibn Faḍl Allāh Al-'Umarī's Masālik Al-Abṣār Fī Mamālik Al-Amṣā|page=115|publisher=Taylor & Francis|date=6 January 2017|isbn=9781315458809|oclc=1257806554}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist
<ref name="LevtzionHopkins2000">{{Cite book| publisher = Markus Wiener Publishers| isbn = 978-1-55876-241-1| first1 = N. | last1 = Levtzion | first2 = J. F. P. | last2 = Hopkins | title = Corpus of early Arabic sources for West African history| location = Princeton| date = 2000}}</ref>
<ref name="Holt1987">{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1017/S0041977X00053350| issn = 1474-0699| volume = 50| issue = 1| pages = 136–137| last = Holt| first = P. M.| title = Ayman Fu'ad Sayyid: Masālik alabṣar fī Mamālik al-amsār d'Ibn Faḍl Allāh al-'Umarī Šihāb al-Din Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā b. Faḍl Allāh, m. 749/1349. (Textes Arabes et Etudes Islamiques, Tom. xxiii.) x, 203 pp., 48 pp., 6 Plates. Le Caire: Institut Francais d'Archéologie Orientale du Caire, 1958.| journal = Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies| date = 1987 | url = https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0041977X00053350/type/journal_article}}</ref>
}}
==External links==
*{{cite journal | author =Shihab al-Umari| authorlink=Shihab al-Umari | title = A medieval Arabic description of the Haram of Jerusalem| journal = Quarterly
*{{cite journal | author =Shihab al-Umari| authorlink=Shihab al-Umari | title = A medieval Arabic description of the Haram of Jerusalem| journal = Quarterly
{{Historians of Islam}}
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