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{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Institut National des Jeunes Aveugles
| image = Paris institut national des jeunes aveugles.jpg
| city = Paris
| country = France
| website = http://www.inja.fr/
| address = boulevard des Invalides, 56
| postalcode = 75007
| established = 1785
}}
 
{{Expand French|Institut national des jeunes aveugles|date=January 2011}}
The '''Institut National des Jeunes Aveugles''', (''National Institute for Blind ChildrenYouth'') oris ''Royala Institution[[Special education|special school]] for Blind[[Visual Youth''),impairment|blind]] students in [[Paris]], France. It was the first [[specialBlindness and education|school]] for blindthe studentsblind]] in the world, and served as a model for many subsequent schools for blind students.
 
==History==
Only at the end of the 18th century did Western societies begin to take an interest in the education of the blind; before that, they were considered incapable of being educated. In 1784, [[Valentin Haüy]] undertook to teach François Lesueur to read with the help of the ''[[:fr:Société philanthropique|Société philanthropique]]'', a group of benefactors dedicated to various philanthropic projects, which enabled him to prove the efficiency of his method. In 1785, he founded, with his own funds, the ''Institution des jeunes aveugles'' ("Instituted for the blind youth"), in Coquillère street, Paris. In 1786 the school moved again, to a building on Notre-Dame-des-Victoires rented by the ''Société philantropique''. On December 26, Haüy presented his methods and some of his pupils to [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]], and was provided with royal funding for 120 pupils, whereupon the school's name was changed to the '''Institution Royale des Jeunes Aveugles''', the "Royal Institute for Blind Youth".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://camillesourget.com/en-12022-revolutionary-method-to-educate-the-blind-by-hauy.html|title=HAÜY, Valentin Essai sur l'éducation des aveugles, ... " The first printed book ...|website=Librairie Camille Sourget|language=fr|access-date=October 18, 2017}}</ref>
The INJA was created in 1784 by [[Valentin Haüy]].
 
In 1791, after the French Revolution, it was renamed the '''Institution nationale des jeunes aveugles''' ("National Institute for the Blind Youth"), and moved to the [[Couvent des Célestins]]. From 1800 to 1815, the school was merged with the [[Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital|Quinze-Vingts]] Hospital, and renamed the '''Institut national des aveugles travailleurs''' ("National Institute of the Working Blind").
 
In 1816, the school moved into a former prison that was used during the French Revolution. Sébastien Guillié, who had established the first [[ophthalmology|ophthalmological]] clinic in France, became its director, but he was forced to leave the position in 1821 due to the brutality he exerted against his pupils.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Blind in French Society from the Middle Ages to the Century of Louis Braille|last=Weygand|first=Zina|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2009}}</ref> Although it was better than its previous location, the building was cold, poorly lit, and unsanitary: students bathed just once a month (there was only one bathroom) and the meals were of poor quality.<ref>{{cite web|title=Arrival at the Institute for Blind Youth|url=http://www.afb.org/louisbraillemuseum/braillegallery.asp?FrameID=179|website=afb.org|access-date=August 22, 2015}}</ref> Despite this, it was still notable as a location where blind pupils could receive education in grammar, music, history, and science. [[Louis Braille]], the inventor of the [[braille]] system, attended the school in 1819 and later taught there.
 
In 1843, the institute moved into a new, bigger building on Boulevard des Invalides, where it still resides today.
It was not until the late 18th century that society began to take an interest in the education of the blind. Until that time they were considered mostly uneducable and untrainable. One of the major figures in the movement to educate the blind was [[Sébastien Guillié]]. He established the first [[ophthalmology|ophthalmological]] clinic in France and became director of the school in Paris. [[Louis Braille]], the inventor of the [[braille]] system, attended the school in 1819 and later taught there. In 1816, the school moved into a former prison that was used for the French Revolution. Although it was better than it's previous location, the building was cold, poorly lit, and very unsanitary.<ref>{{cite web|title=Arrival at the Institute for Blind Youth|url=http://www.afb.org/louisbraillemuseum/braillegallery.asp?FrameID=179|website=www.afb.org|accessdate=2015-08-22}}</ref> At the time Louis attended, students bathed just once a month (there was only one bathroom), the meals were of poor quality, and strict rules brought harsh punishments. But many different subjects, like grammar, music, history, and science, were taught there. In 1843, the institute moved into a new, bigger building.
 
==Organ class==
The first organ class for blind students was established at the institute in 1826, and, by 1833, no less than 14fourteen blind students held organist positions in the churches of Paris. The institute continued to produce largea number of successful organistorganists, such as [[André Marchal]], [[Jean Langlais]], and [[Gaston Litaize]].<ref>Jean Langlais: The Man and his Music, Ann Labounsky 2000, pages 30-4730–47</ref>
 
==Effect on other schools==
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== Further reading ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100613020002/http://www.nbp.org/ic/nbp/braille/louisbraillebook.html ''Louis Braille: A Touch of Genius''], C. Michael Mellor, National Braille Press, 2006. Includes sections on [[Valentin Haüy]], ''Institution Royale des Jeunes Aveugles'', Sébastien Guillié, and of course Louis Braille.
 
==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.inja.fr/ L'Institut National des Jeunes Aveugles] (in French)
* [http://www.musimem.com/INJA.htm History of INJA] (in French)
 
{{Coord|48|50|51|N|2|18|56|E|type:landmark_region:FR|display=title}}
{{Authority control}}
 
[[Category:1785 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in the 1780s1785]]
[[Category:Schools for the blind in France]]
[[Category:Schools in France]]
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