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{{Main|Sangh Parivar}}
Hindutva is commonly identified as the guiding ideology of the
Most nationalists are organised into political, cultural and social organisations - using the concept of Hindutva as a political tool. The first Hindutva organisation formed was the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), founded in 1925. A prominent Indian political party, the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) (BJP) is closely associated with a group of organisations that advocate Hindutva. They collectively refer to themselves as the "Sangh Parivar" or family of associations, and include the RSS, [[Bajrang Dal]] and the [[Vishva Hindu Parishad]]. Other organisations include:
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* [[Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad]] - a student's union
* [[Bharatiya Kisan Sangh]] - a farmers' organisation
* [[Vanavasi Kalyan Ashram|Vanvasi Kalyan Ashram]] - an organisation of the welfare of forest dwellers.
* [[Vidya Bharati]] - a group of educational institutions run by the RSS.
* [[Seva Bharati]] - works among urban slum dwellers and resettlement colonies by introducing a number of welfare and social service programs, such as free medical assistance, free education, as well as vocational training through its nationwide network of more than 10000 centers.
The major political wing is the BJP which was in power in India's Central Government for six years from 1998 to 2004 and is currently the ruling party of India with [[Narendra Modi]] as the Prime Minister. As of June 2013 it is in power in the states of [[Gujarat]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Chhattisgarh]]. It is an alliance partner in the states of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]], and [[Goa]]. BJP ended its alliance with JDU in Bihar in June, 2013.
Political parties pertaining to the Hindutva ideology are not limited to the [[Sangh Parivar]]. Examples of political parties independent from the Sangh's influence but espouse the Hindutva ideology include Prafull Goradia's [[Akhil Bharatiya Jana Sangh]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://in.news.yahoo.com/041021/43/2hfvw.html |title=Latest India News & World News Headlines |work=Yahoo News India |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041105060336/http://in.news.yahoo.com/041021/43/2hfvw.html |archivedate=5 November 2004 }}</ref> [[Subramanian Swamy]]'s [[Janata Party]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://forumforhinduawakening.org/dharma/news/2013/04/11/india-can-revived-hindutva-voted-majority-dr-subramanian-swamy/|title=India can be revived if 'Hindutva' is voted with majority |author=Subramanian Swamy |publisher=Forum for Hindu Awakening |date=10 April 2013}}</ref>
▲Examples of political parties independent from the Sangh's influence but espouse the Hindutva ideology include Prafull Goradia's [[Akhil Bharatiya Jana Sangh]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://in.news.yahoo.com/041021/43/2hfvw.html |title=Latest India News & World News Headlines |work=Yahoo News India |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041105060336/http://in.news.yahoo.com/041021/43/2hfvw.html |archivedate=5 November 2004 }}</ref> [[Subramanian Swamy]]'s [[Janata Party]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://forumforhinduawakening.org/dharma/news/2013/04/11/india-can-revived-hindutva-voted-majority-dr-subramanian-swamy/|title=India can be revived if 'Hindutva' is voted with majority |author=Subramanian Swamy |publisher=Forum for Hindu Awakening |date=10 April 2013}}</ref> and the [[Marathi nationalism|Marathi nationalist]] [[Shiv Sena]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Mumbai/Shiv-Sena-for-PM-with-Hindutva-view/Article1-1051070.aspx|title=Shiv Sena for PM with Hindutva view|newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=27 April 2013}}</ref> The [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] is a [[Sikh]] religious party, but maintains ties with Hindutva organisations, as they also represent Sikhism.<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19990119/01951725.html SAD-BJP Alliance helped bridge Hindu Sikh gap] Indian Express, 19 January 1999 {{wayback|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19990119/01951725.html |date=20150217105251 |df=y }}</ref>
[[Rajeev Menon]], National President of the [[Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha|Hindu Mahasabha]], is active in South Indian States like [[Karnataka]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Kerala]] and [[Tamil Nadu]].{{Cn|date=April 2016}}
==Criticism and support==
The opponents of Hindutva philosophy consider Hindutva ideology as a euphemistic effort to conceal [[Communalism (South Asia)|communal]] beliefs and practices. Many Indian social scientists have described the Hindutva movement as fascist in classical sense, in its ideology and class support specially targeting the concept of homogenised majority and [[cultural hegemony]].<ref name="links.jstor.org">{{cite journal |title=Fascism of our times |jstor=3517631 |author=Prabhat Patnaik |journal=Social Scientist |volume=21 |issue=3/4|year=1993 |pp=69–77 |doi=10.2307/3517631|url=http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0970-0293(199303%2F04)21%3A3%2F4%3C69%3ATFOOT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Y}}</ref> The Hindutva movement on the other hand terms such description as coming from the [[far left]], Christian missionaries, and Muslims.<ref>e.g. [http://www.proxsa.org/resources/ghadar/v1n2/priya.html Partha Banerjee's views in "Showing our True Colors: Culture, Nation and the Left], Priyamvada Gopal, Ghadar, 26 November 1997</ref><ref>- Rajesh Tembarai Krishnamachari, [[South Asia Analysis Group]]</ref>
Critics<ref>e.g. [http://www.proxsa.org/resources/ghadar/v1n2/priya.html Partha Banerjee], [[Romila Thapar]], [[Himani Bannerji]], [[Prabhat Patnaik]]</ref> have used the political epithets of "Indian fascism" and "Hindu fascism" to describe the ideology of the [[Sangh Parivar]]. For example, Marxist social scientist [[Prabhat Patnaik]] has written that the Hindutva movement as it has emerged is "classically [[fascist]] in class support, methods and programme."<ref name="links.jstor.org"/> Patnaik bases this argument on the following "ingredients" of classical fascism present in Hindutva: the attempt to create a unified homogeneous majority under the concept of "the Hindus"; a sense of grievance against past injustice; a sense of cultural superiority; an interpretation of history according to this grievance and superiority; a rejection of rational arguments against this interpretation; and an appeal to the majority based on [[Race (classification of human beings)|race]] and [[masculinity]].<ref name="links.jstor.org" />
The description of Hindutva as fascist has been condemned by
Academics Chetan Bhatt and Parita Mukta reject the identification of Hindutva with fascism, because of Hindutva's embrace of cultural rather than racial nationalism, because of its "distinctively Indian" character, and because of "the RSS’s disavowal of the seizure of state power in preference for long-term cultural labour in [[civil society]]." They instead describe Hindutva as a form of "revolutionary conservatism" or "ethnic absolutism".<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Ethnic and Racial Studies |volume=23 |issue=3|date=May 2000 |pp=407–441 |author1=Chetan Bhatt |author2=Parita Mukta |title=Hindutva in the West: Mapping the Antinomies of Diaspora Nationalism |doi= 10.1080/014198700328935}}</ref> [[Nobel Laureate]] Shri [[V.S. Naipaul]] also rejects these allegations and views the rise of Hindutva as a welcome, broader
▲The description of Hindutva as fascist has been condemned by pro-Hindutva authors such as [[Koenraad Elst]] who claim that the ideology of Hindutva meets none of the characteristics of fascist ideologies. Claims that Hindutva social service organisations such as the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] are "fascist" have been disputed by academics such as Vincent Kundukulam.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://world.christianpost.com/article/20031219/1016.htm |title=RSS neither Nationalist nor Fascist, Indian Christian priest's research concludes |newspaper=Christian Post |date=19 December 2003 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061021224420/http://world.christianpost.com/article/20031219/1016.htm |archivedate=21 October 2006 |accessdate=6 March 2015}}</ref>
▲Academics Chetan Bhatt and Parita Mukta reject the identification of Hindutva with fascism, because of Hindutva's embrace of cultural rather than racial nationalism, because of its "distinctively Indian" character, and because of "the RSS’s disavowal of the seizure of state power in preference for long-term cultural labour in [[civil society]]." They instead describe Hindutva as a form of "revolutionary conservatism" or "ethnic absolutism".<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Ethnic and Racial Studies |volume=23 |issue=3|date=May 2000 |pp=407–441 |author1=Chetan Bhatt |author2=Parita Mukta |title=Hindutva in the West: Mapping the Antinomies of Diaspora Nationalism |doi= 10.1080/014198700328935}}</ref> [[V.S. Naipaul]] also rejects these allegations and views the rise of Hindutva as a welcome, broader civilizational resurgence of India.<ref>V. S. Naipaul, ''India, A Million Mutinies Now'', Penguin 1992</ref>
==See also==
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