Horizontal bar: Difference between revisions

{{Hatnote|This article is about the gymnastic apparatus. For the typographic symbols, see [[Dash#Horizontal bar|Dash]], [[Fraction bar]], and [[Inference line]].<br />"High bar" redirects here. For the Canadian government, see [[High Bar First Nation]].}}

The '''horizontal bar''', also known as the '''high bar''', is an apparatus used by [[male]] [[gymnast]]s in [[artistic gymnastics]]. It traditionally consists of a cylindrical [[metal]] (typically [[steel]]) bar that is rigidly held above and parallel to the floor by a system of cables and stiff vertical supports. Gymnasts typically wear suede leather [[grip (gymnastics)|grip]]s while performing on the bar. The Currentcurrent elite-level competition uses a morestainless elastic [[fiberglass]]steel core rail. similar in material to the rails used in the women's [[uneven bars]] and men's [[parallel bars]] apparatus.

The horizontal bar was used by [[Acrobatics|acrobat]]s in [[ancient Greece]] and [[Ancient Rome|Rome]], and on through the [[Middle Ages]].<ref name=Butterworth1902>{{Citation |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=O95AAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA5#v=onepage&q&f=false |title= The Horizontal Bar |first= Horace |last= Butterworth |year= 1902 }}</ref> It was introduced into gymnastics by [[Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths]] in his 1793 book ''Gymnastik für die Jugend'', which in turn inspired further use and development by [[Friedrich Ludwig Jahn]] in 1811.<ref name=Butterworth1902/><ref name=Goodbody>{{cite book |last=Goodbody |first=John |title=The Illustrated History of Gymnastics |url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedhisto0000good |url-access=registration |publisher=Stanley Paul & Co. |location=London |date=1982 |isbn=0-09-143350-9 |pages=11–18[https://archive.org/details/illustratedhisto0000good/page/n95 11]–18 }}</ref>

The mechanical dimensions of the horizontal bar apparatus are specified in [[Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique|FIG]]'s ''Apparatus Norms'' brochure:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fig-gymnastics.com/publicdir/rules/files/en_Apparatus%20Norms.pdf|title=Apparatus Norms for gymnastics (2017)|date=2019-07-20|website=International Federation of Gymnastics (FIG)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720194311/http://www.fig-gymnastics.com/publicdir/rules/files/en_Apparatus%20Norms.pdf|archive-date=2019-07-20|access-date=2019-07-20}}</ref>

TheHow mannera ingymnast whichgrasps the horizontal bar is grasped by a gymnast is called the ''grip'' (not to be confused with the suede leather grips that are worn on the hands). Each grip is commonly used for a particular set of skills. When gymnasts compete on the horizontal bar, they are often required by the [[Code of Points (artistic gymnastics)|Code of Points]] to use specific grips.

* The '''overhand grip''', or ''regular grip'', is the standard grip used for the horizontal bar. On the overhand grip, the hands circle the bar with the backs of the hands facing the gymnast.<ref>Bill Sands and Mike Conklin, ''Everybody's Gymnastics Book'', (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1966), 42.</ref>

* The ''reverse grip'' and ''underhand grip'', is the opposite of the overhand grip. The palms of the hands face the gymnast. ItThis grip is similar to the grip used in chin-ups. Forward giant swings are among the skills that use this grip.

* The '''mixed grip''' is a combination ofcombines the overhand and underhand grips with one hand in each position. This grip can be used to gain more height on release skills.<ref>{{CitationCite neededbook|url=https://archive.org/details/teachingfundamen0000mitc|url-access=registration|quote=gymnastics horizontal bar mixed grip.|title=Teaching Fundamental Gymnastics Skills|last1=Mitchell|first1=Debby|last2=Davis|first2=Barbara|last3=Lopez|first3=Raim|date=October2002|publisher=Human 2010Kinetics|isbn=9780736001243|pages=[https://archive.org/details/teachingfundamen0000mitc/page/237 237]|language=en}}</ref>

==ReferencesRoutines==

==External=Scoring linksand rules===