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{{short description|Aftermath of the shooting of Michael Brown on August 9, 2014 in Ferguson, Missouri}}
{{About|the aftermath of the shooting of Michael Brown|coverage of events immediately surrounding the shooting|
{{Use
{{Use American English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use list-defined references|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox civil conflict
|
| image = [[File:Ferguson Day 6, Picture 44.png|frameless|upright=1.4]]
| caption = Police officers using [[tear gas]] on protesters
| date = {{nowrap|'''First wave:'''<br />
| place = [[Ferguson, Missouri]], U.S. and [[St. Louis, Missouri]], U.S.
| causes = '''First wave:''' [[
| methods = Widespread rioting, vandalism, looting, arson, and gunfire.
| result = <!-- "side1" and "side2" intentionally omitted. See [[Talk:2014_Ferguson_unrest#.22Sides.22_in_infobox]] -->▼
| casualties1 = ▼
▲<!-- "side1" and "side2" intentionally omitted. See [[Talk:2014_Ferguson_unrest#.22Sides.22_in_infobox]] -->
▲| casualties1 =
| casualties_label = Arrests and injuries
| fatalities = 1 (Michael Brown)
| injuries = 10 members of the public injured<ref name=KMOV>{{cite web |title=Number of people arrested, injured continues to rise in Ferguson |url=http://www.kmov.com/special-coverage-001/Reports-Ferguson-protests-turn-violent-270697451.html |publisher=KMOV.com |access-date=December 3, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202024549/http://www.kmov.com/special-coverage-001/Reports-Ferguson-protests-turn-violent-270697451.html |archive-date=December 2, 2014 |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="FergusonApril">{{cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/2-separate-shootings-near-ferguson-protests-against-police-115320811.html |title=3 shot during Ferguson protest; 5 arrested for looting |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=April 29, 2015 |access-date=April 29, 2015}}</ref><br />6 police officers injured<ref name=CBC.Injuries/>
| arrests = 321 members of the public<ref name="FergusonApril"/><ref name=WashPost.Breakdown/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://m.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/more-than-arrested-at-ferguson-police-station-on-moral-monday/article_c1752132-9731-542e-8525-1885fae7fd10.html?mobile_touch=true |title=More than 50 arrested at Ferguson police station on 'Moral Monday,' other events elsewhere |author=Staff Reports |publisher=stltoday.com |access-date=November 25, 2014 |archive-date=December 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210215951/http://stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/more-than-arrested-at-ferguson-police-station-on-moral-monday/article_c1752132-9731-542e-8525-1885fae7fd10.html?mobile_touch=true |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| detentions =
| notes =
}}
The '''Ferguson unrest''' (sometimes called the '''Ferguson uprising''', '''
As the details of the shooting emerged, police established curfews and deployed riot squads in anticipation of unrest. Along with peaceful protests, there was a significant amount of looting and violence in the vicinity of the site of the shooting, as well as across the city. Media criticism of the militarization of the police in Ferguson after the shooting was frequent.<ref name=USAToday.Military/><ref name=WashPost.Military/> The unrest continued on November 24, 2014, after a [[grand jury]] did not [[indictment|indict]] Officer Wilson.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Davey, Monica |author2=Julie Bosman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/25/us/ferguson-darren-wilson-shooting-michael-brown-grand-jury.html |title=Protests Flare After Ferguson Police Officer Is Not Indicted |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 2, 2014}}</ref> It briefly flared again on the first anniversary of Brown's shooting.<ref name=ABCNews.Extended>{{
In response to the shooting and the subsequent unrest, the DOJ conducted an investigation into the policing practices of the [[Ferguson Police Department (Missouri)|Ferguson Police Department]] (FPD).<ref name=WSJ.JusticeDept/><ref name="Washington Post">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/federal-civil-rights-charges-unlikely-against-police-officer-in-ferguson-shooting/2014/10/31/56189d80-6055-11e4-8b9e-2ccdac31a031_story.html |title=Federal civil rights charges unlikely against police officer in Ferguson shooting |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=November 1, 2014}}</ref> In March 2015, the DOJ announced that they had determined that the FPD had engaged in [[Police misconduct|misconduct]] against the citizenry of Ferguson by, among other things, discriminating against African Americans and applying racial stereotypes in a "pattern or practice of unlawful conduct."<ref name=DOJ.Report>{{cite news |title=Ferguson Police Department Report |newspaper=The New York Times |date=March 4, 2015 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/03/04/us/ferguson-police-department-report.html |access-date=March 5, 2015}}</ref><ref name=DOJ.findings>{{cite news |title=Justice Department Finds Pattern of Police Bias and Excessive Force in Ferguson |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/04/us/justice-department-finds-pattern-of-police-bias-and-excessive-force-in-ferguson.html |work=The New York Times |date=March 3, 2015 |access-date=March 3, 2015 |last1=Apuzzo |first1=Matt}}</ref><ref name="Washington Post Editorial">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-partisan/wp/2015/03/16/lesson-learned-from-the-shooting-of-michael-brown |title='Hands up, don't shoot' was built on a lie |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=January 6, 2016}}</ref> The DOJ also found that the Ferguson [[Local government in the United States|city council]] relied on fines and other charges generated by police for funding municipal services.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Ferguson Kleptocracy |url=http://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2015/03/the-ferguson-kleptocracy.html |website=Marginal Revolution |access-date=September 2, 2016}}</ref>
==Background==
{{main|Shooting of Michael Brown}}
Michael Brown, an 18-year-old African-American male, was shot and killed during an encounter with Officer Darren Wilson. Officer Wilson arrived after a robbery and assault was reported at a nearby convenience store. The caller described the accused (later identified as Michael Brown from security cameras). Officer Wilson's account was that after seeing Brown and Brown's friend Dorian Johnson walking home in the middle of the street he asked them to walk on the sidewalk instead. When they refused Wilson noticed that Brown's shirt and a box of cigarillos he was holding matched the description from the robbery call, and suspected Brown and Johnson as being involved. When he attempted to question Michael Brown, he was attacked.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ferguson Documents: Officer Darren Wilson's Testimony |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2014/11/25/366519644/ferguson-docs-officer-darren-wilsons-testimony |website=NPR |date=November 25, 2014 |access-date=25 November 2014 |last1=Calamur |first1=Krishnadev}}</ref> There was a struggle, Brown attempting and almost succeeding in gaining possession of Officer Wilson's weapon. Due to the struggle, the weapon discharged, slightly wounding Brown, who then fled. Wilson gave brief chase firing upon Brown, ultimately shooting and killing Brown when Brown turned to confront him and, upon Wilson's account, charged at him. The officer was a 28-year-old white male [[Ferguson Police Department (Missouri)|Ferguson]] police officer.<ref name=WSJ.Missouri/><ref name=PressDemocrat.Fatal/><ref name=NYTimes.Autopsy/> After several months of deliberation, a [[grand jury]] decided not to indict Officer Wilson for any criminal charges in relation to the incident.<ref name="NYTimes.GrandJury"/>
The police response to the shooting was heavily criticized, as was the slow rate of information making its way out to the public. Many of the documents received and reviewed by the Grand Jury were released when the grand jury declined to indict Officer Wilson.<ref name="NYTimes.GrandJury"/>
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[[File:Ferguson, Day 4, Photo 11.png|thumb|250px|right|A U.S. Marine offers words of encouragement to protesters.]]
[[File:Ferguson, Day 4, Photo 13.png|thumb|250px|right|The looted, burned-out QuikTrip gas station in Ferguson]]
[[File:Ferguson, Day 4, Photo 26.png|thumb|250px|right|Protests at Ferguson on August 14, 2014]]
===August 2014===
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<!-- (5) the statements by law enforcement officials about the conditions of protests and unrest over time -->
On August 10, a day of memorials began peacefully, but some people became outspoken after an evening candlelight vigil.<ref name=NBC.Looting/> Local police stations assembled approximately 150 officers in riot gear.<ref name=ChiTribune.Protest/> Some people began looting businesses, vandalizing vehicles, and confronting police officers who sought to block off access to several areas of the city.<ref name=NBC.Looting/> At least 12 businesses were looted or vandalized and a [[QuikTrip]] convenience store and gas station was [[arson|set on fire]], as well as a [[Little Caesars]]. The Quiktrip looting was captured on video by activist [[Umar Lee]]<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/b5_ZrN30dDg Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20140811114647/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5_ZrN30dDg Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web |
On August 11, police fired tear gas to disperse a crowd at the burnt shell of the QuikTrip<ref name=STLAmerican.Protest/> convenience store, set on fire by looters the night before. According to reports, gunshots were fired in Ferguson and five people were arrested.<ref name=CNN.Protesters/><ref name=FWorthStar.Vandalism/> Some protesters threw rocks at police officers. The police responded by firing tear gas and bean bag rounds at protesters which included [[Missouri Senate
On August 12, several hundred protesters gathered in [[Clayton, Missouri|Clayton]], the [[county seat]], seeking criminal prosecution of the officer involved in the shooting.<ref name=HuffPost.Answers/> Protesters in Ferguson carried signs and many held their hands in the air while shouting "don't shoot," apparently in response to eye-witness accounts that Brown had his hands raised in an attempt to surrender at the moment he was shot. According to police, some protesters threw bottles at the officers, prompting the use of tear gas to disperse the crowd.<ref name=CNN.Decline/> The following day, a [[SWAT]] team of around 70 officers arrived at a protest demanding that protesters disperse.<ref name=HuffPost.SWAT/> That night, police used [[smoke bomb]]s, flash grenades, rubber bullets, and tear gas to disperse the crowd. Video footage of the events recorded by KARG Argus Radio shows Ferguson Police firing tear gas into a residential neighborhood and ordering the journalist to cease recording.<ref name=AP.Violent/><ref name=FTimes.Clash/><ref>{{cite news |title=I Am Mike Brown |url=http://www.argusradio.com/ |website=Argus Radio |access-date=August 13, 2014}}</ref>
Between August 12 and 13, police officers at times fired tear gas and rubber bullets at lines of protesters and reporters. At least seven protesters were arrested on the evening of August 12 and 13 after police told protesters to "go home" or face arrest.<ref name=Vice.Tension/> [[CNN]] cameras filmed an officer addressing a group of protesters by saying "Bring it, you fucking animals, bring it."<ref name=HuffPost.Animals/> On the night of August 12, a peaceful protester was shot in the head non-fatally by police. The gunshot survivor, Mya Aaten-White, complained that police had failed to interview her in connection with the shooting. Police had attempted to interview Aaten-White alone, but she refused to speak with them without an attorney present which police refused. A month after the shooting, Aaten-White's attorney indicated that he had subsequently contacted police to set up an appointment for an interview, without response. City officials refused to provide reporters with ballistics reports or other investigative records, citing state law regarding ongoing police investigations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.riverfronttimes.com/dailyrft/2014/09/ferguson_city_police_have_mya_aaten-white_case_file_bullets_location_still_in_question.php |title=Ferguson Police Have Case File for Mya Aaten-White, Bullet's Location Still in Question |author=[[Jessica Lussenhop]] |date=September 24, 2014 |work=Daily Riverfront Times |access-date=November 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213101513/http://blogs.riverfronttimes.com/dailyrft/2014/09/ferguson_city_police_have_mya_aaten-white_case_file_bullets_location_still_in_question.php |archive-date=December 13, 2014 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
As night fell on August 13, protesters threw projectiles at police including [[Molotov cocktails]], and police launched tear gas and smoke bombs in retaliation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cleveland.com/nation/index.ssf/2014/08/ferguson_protests_erupt_in_vio.html |title=The Associated Press "Ferguson protests erupt in violence as people lob Molotov cocktails, police use tear gas" Cleveland.com, August 13, 2014 |work=The Plain Dealer |date=August 14, 2014 |access-date=November 25, 2014}}</ref> While police were clearing a McDonald's restaurant, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' reporter [[Wesley Lowery]] and ''[[The Huffington Post]]'' reporter Ryan J. Reilly were arrested.<ref name=Politico.Arrests/> Officers reportedly asked them to leave first, gave them a 45-second countdown when they were not moving fast enough, and ultimately resorted to more forceful measures to remove people from the McDonald's.<ref name=Politico.Arrests/> "Officers slammed me into a fountain soda machine because I was confused about which door they were asking me to walk out of," Lowery said.<ref name=USAToday.Reporters/><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.kmov.com/video?id=271283711&sec=549692&ref=articlevidmod |title=Raw [video]: Interview with 2 national journalists arrested in Ferguson |last=Lowery |first=Wesley |date=August 14, 2014 |access-date=August 15, 2014 |archive-date=August 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819102723/http://www.kmov.com/video?id=271283711&sec=549692&ref=articlevidmod |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Martin Baron]], executive editor of ''The Washington Post'', issued a statement, saying "there was absolutely no justification for Wesley Lowery's arrest," and that the police behavior "was wholly unwarranted and an assault on the freedom of the press to cover the news."<ref name=WashPost.Lowery/>
[[Al Jazeera America]] journalists including correspondent [[Ash-har Quraishi]] covering the protests in Ferguson on Wednesday night were also tear-gassed and shot at with rubber bullets by a police SWAT team. An officer was captured on video turning the reporters' video camera toward the ground and dismantling their equipment.<ref name=AlJazeera.Gas/><ref name=KSDK.Gas/><ref name=Slate.Gas/> Al Jazeera America issued a statement, calling the incident an "egregious assault on the freedom of the press that was clearly intended to have a chilling effect on our ability to cover this important story."<ref name=CNN.Troopers/> On Thursday, August 14, the [[St. Charles County Regional SWAT Team]] put out a press release stating that "... the SWAT Team has not been any part of attempting to prevent media coverage" and that the SWAT team had helped journalists move their equipment at their request.<ref name=KSDK.Gas/> A raw video captured a vehicle marked clearly as "St. Charles County SWAT" rolling up to the Al Jazeera lights and camera and taking them down.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ksdk.com/videos/news/local/2014/08/14/14042891 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814145101/http://www.ksdk.com/videos/news/local/2014/08/14/14042891/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 14, 2014 |title=RAW video of Al Jazeera America crews hit with tear gas |publisher=KSDK |location=St. Louis, Missouri |access-date=August 15, 2014 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
[[File:Sharpshooter facing camera.jpg|thumb|left|A police marksman posted atop armored vehicle]]
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Ferguson Police Chief [[Thomas Jackson (police officer)|Tom Jackson]] announced the name of the officer involved in the shooting in a news conference the morning of Friday, August 15, nearly a week after the officer shot Brown on Saturday afternoon. Jackson prefaced the name announcement by describing a "strong-arm" robbery that had occurred a few minutes before the shooting at a nearby convenience store called Ferguson Market & Liquor. A police report released to members of the media at the news conference described Brown as the suspect involved in the robbery.<ref name=ABC.Public/> Hours later, Jackson held another news conference in which he said Wilson wasn't aware of the robbery when he stopped Brown.<ref name=WSJ.Suspect/>
On Friday night, protests continued in "an almost celebratory manner" near the [[QuikTrip]]<ref>"After nearly a week of nightly protests following the death of Michael Brown, the demonstrations in Ferguson Friday were the most peaceful, appearing almost celebratory. Music played, as people danced and generally seemed to be having a good time. "It's kind of weird to be having fun tonight," Lordell Rush, 27, said around 10 p.m. as he watched a crowd gather around a drummer outside the QuikTrip store that demonstrators had burned down earlier in the week" http://www.ibtimes.com/ferguson-during-friday-police-standoff-protesters-try-stop-looters-entering-stores-1660418</ref><ref name=CBS.Clean/> until police arrived at around 11:00 p.m.<ref>"But things changed around 11 p.m. Police officers appeared on the scene in riot gear and armored vehicles, and used smoke bombs and mace against protesters who refused to clear the street." http://www.ibtimes.com/ferguson-during-friday-police-standoff-protesters-try-stop-looters-entering-stores-1660418</ref><ref>"Just before midnight Saturday morning, some in what had been a large and rowdy but mostly well-behaved crowd, broke into that convenience store and began looting it. Police and about 200 protesters clashed. Police again brought out the riot gear and gas masks to quell with what Missouri State Highway Patrol Captain Ron Johnson called a riot of 200 people." http://stlouis.cbslocal.com/2014/08/16/clean-up-underway-after-more-rioting-looting-in-ferguson/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819044305/http://stlouis.cbslocal.com/2014/08/16/clean-up-underway-after-more-rioting-looting-in-ferguson/ |date=August 19, 2014 }}</ref> At around 1:30 a.m. Saturday morning, rioters broke into and looted the Ferguson Market & Liquor store that Brown allegedly robbed prior to his shooting, as well as other nearby businesses; after the initial break-in, a group of protesters and observers gathered near the storefronts of the looted businesses in an attempt to prevent further looting.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Caulderwood |first1=Kathleen |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/ferguson-during-friday-police-standoff-protesters-try-stop-looters-entering-stores-1660418 |title=Ferguson: During Friday Police Standoff, Protesters Try To Stop Looters Entering Stores |website=International Business Times |date=August 16, 2014 |access-date=August 22, 2014}}</ref>
[[File:Ferguson Day 6, Picture 53.png|thumb|250px|left|Law enforcement responding to civil unrest, August 17, 2014]]
As a result of looting and disruption the night before, on August 16, Nixon declared in a press conference a [[state of emergency]] and implemented nightly [[curfew]]s in Ferguson from midnight to 5:00 a.m. Some residents at the press conference said that law enforcement officers had instigated the violence with their military-like tactics.<ref name=CNN.Curfew/> Johnson said that police would not enforce the curfew with armored trucks and tear gas, and that police will communicate with protesters and give them time and opportunity to leave before curfew.<ref name=AP.Curfew/>
In the early hours of August 17, tear gas and tactical units were used, despite prior assurances. One of the protesters was shot by police and critically wounded; police have claimed that they did not fire any shots.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ktla.com/2014/08/17/shooting-in-ferguson-after-curfew-began-leaves-1-in-critical-condition-7-arrested |title=Autopsy Reveals Michael Brown Was Shot at Least 6 Times, Twice In Head: Report |publisher=KTLA |location=Los Angeles, California |date=August 17, 2014 |access-date=August 22, 2014}}</ref> Seven other individuals were arrested.<ref name=NBC.Clashes/><ref>{{cite web |last=Barrett |first=Joe |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/crowds-thin-in-ferguson-as-midnight-curfew-starts-1408253833 |title=Michael Brown Autopsy Finds Six Shots Struck Teen as Ferguson Protest March Ends in Chaos |website=The Wall Street Journal |url-access=subscription |date=August 18, 2014 |access-date=August 25, 2014}}</ref> Later that morning, a Missouri Highway Patrol spokesman announced that the curfew would be extended for a second day.<ref name=STLToday.Curfew2/>
[[File:Ferguson Day 6, Picture 13.png|thumb|250px|Protests at Ferguson on August 17, 2014]]
On August 18, after violent clashes during the imposed curfew, Nixon issued an executive order calling in the [[Missouri National Guard|National Guard]] to "help restore peace and order and to protect the citizens of Ferguson."<ref name=NYMag.Guard/> Nixon also announced that there would be no curfew on the night of August 18.<ref name=WashPost.MondayCurfew/> [[Amnesty International]] sent a 13-person contingent of human rights activists to seek meetings with officials as well as to train local activists in non-violent protest methods.<ref name=Reuters.Amnesty/> Police were recorded threatening the media with mace.<ref>"Media do not pass us, you're getting maced next time you pass us."</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Bluestone |first1=Gabrielle |url=http://gawker.com/ferguson-police-threaten-to-shoot-reporter-and-mace-chr-1623125660 |title=Cops in Ferguson Threaten to Shoot Reporter, Mace Chris Hayes |website=Gawker |date=August 18, 2014 |access-date=August 22, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821011257/http://gawker.com/ferguson-police-threaten-to-shoot-reporter-and-mace-chr-1623125660 |archive-date=August 21, 2014 |df=mdy
On the night of August 18, after several hundred protesters, some of whom were seen throwing bottles, charged toward a wall of police 60 wide and five deep, members of the crowd pushed them back including clergymen and community leaders locking arms, averting a more serious confrontation.<ref name=NBCNews.Averting/> 78 individuals were arrested, including ''[[The Intercept]]'''s Ryan Devereaux.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cook |first=John |url=https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2014/08/19/intercept-reporter-detained-covering-ferguson-protests |title=Intercept Reporter Shot With Rubber Bullets and Arrested While Covering Ferguson Protests |website=The Intercept |date=August 19, 2014 |access-date=August 22, 2014}}</ref> [[German people|German]] journalists Ansgar Graw and Frank Hermann reported being placed under arrest by an unidentified officer who would only identify himself as "Donald Duck."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thelocal.de/20140819/german-journalists-held-in-ferguson-unrest |title=German journalists arrested in Ferguson |website=The Local |date=August 19, 2014 |access-date=August 22, 2014}}</ref>
On August 20, [[United States Attorney General|Attorney General]] [[Eric Holder]] traveled to Ferguson, where he met with residents as well as Brown's family.<ref name=BBC.Holder/> Only six individuals were arrested, compared to 47 arrests the prior night.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.i24news.tv/en/news/international/americas/40984-140821-ferguson-protests-cool-after-holder-s-visit |title=Ferguson protests cool down after Holder's visit |website=i24news |location=Tel Aviv, Israel |access-date=August 25, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826130419/http://www.i24news.tv/en/news/international/americas/40984-140821-ferguson-protests-cool-after-holder-s-visit |archive-date=August 26, 2014 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Nixon then withdrew the National Guard from Ferguson on August 21 after witnessing improvements among the social unrest.<ref name=Philly.Nixon>{{cite web |title=Gov. Nixon taking National Guard out of Ferguson |url=http://www.philly.com/philly/news/nation_world/20140821_ap_7c413f03c5084fffb320803ae7713dec.html#RMDYOAuh00Y26Id8.99 |website=Philadelphia Daily News |access-date=August 21, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826183735/http://www.philly.com/philly/news/nation_world/20140821_ap_7c413f03c5084fffb320803ae7713dec.html#RMDYOAuh00Y26Id8.99 |archive-date=August 26, 2014 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> On August 23, protests continued to be peaceful, although three more arrests were made.<ref name=Reuters.Calm/> During the same day, a rally of 50 to 70 people was held in Ferguson in support of Wilson under the banner "I am Darren Wilson,"<ref name="BF.ThisIs Why">{{cite web |last1=Dalrymple II |first1=Jim |title=This Is Why Darren Wilson Supporters Are Rallying In St. Louis |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/jimdalrympleii/why-darren-wilson-supporters-are-rallying-in-st-louis |website=BuzzFeed |date=August 25, 2014 |access-date=August 26, 2014}}</ref> and as of August 25, nearly {{USD}}400,000 were raised by supporters in an online [[crowdfunding]] campaign. The online campaign drew a number of racist comments, which forced the website to shut down the comment section.<ref name=CBS.400k/><ref name=WashPost.Thousands/>
Brown's family asked that supporters suspend their protests for one day out of respect for the funeral proceedings, planned for August 25. "All I want tomorrow is peace while we lay our son to rest. Please, that's all I ask," Brown's father said.<ref name=BBC.Father/> The service was attended by thousands of people, including 2,500 filling the sanctuary, and others in an overflow auditorium which was also full. An estimated 2,000 additional people were on church property for the funeral. Eric Davis, one of Brown's cousins, said at the funeral, "[s]how up at the voting booths. Let your voices be heard, and let everyone know that we have had enough of all of this."<ref name=KCS.Mourners/>
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===October 2014===
On October 2, St. Louis County Police and Missouri State Highway Patrol arrested more than a dozen people<ref name=HuffPost.Jumpsuits/> including Mary Moore, a freelance journalist who has worked for CNN and local activists Ashley Yates, Alexis Templeton and [[Brittany Ferrell]].<ref name=WashPost.Freelance/> Protesters were charged with offenses that included failure to comply with police, noise ordinance violations and resisting arrest. They had to wear orange jumpsuits. Bonds were highest at $2,700, then reduced to $1,000.<ref name=HuffPost.Jumpsuits/> Police dismantled an encampment that lasted a few weeks on West Florissant. Police and protesters are adapting constantly to the other side's moves ("It's a legal clinic on these streets."). The city has recently raised bonds from $100 to $1,000.<ref name=WashPost.Learn/>
On October 3, Ferguson police chief Thomas Jackson ceded responsibility for managing protests in the city to the St. Louis County police department. The limited resources of Ferguson police made it difficult to handle daily protests after their resumption the previous week.<ref name=WashPost.Manage/>
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On October 12, a Ferguson October rally and service was held at [[Chaifetz Arena]], located on Saint Louis University's campus. The stated purpose of the event was to "call on the nation to repent for the sin of police brutality and support a new generation of youth activists." Activists Suheir Hammad, Ashley Yates and Tef Poe spoke to the crowd along with Christian, Jewish, and Muslim clergy members. Younger activists criticized older activists for not being radical enough. When the keynote speaker, [[Cornel West]], took the stage, he said, "I didn't come here to give a speech. I came here to go to jail!"<ref name=LATimes.October/>
On October 13, protesters attempted to cross police lines to meet with officers at the Ferguson Police Department. Dozens of protesters, estimated to be over 50, were arrested, during a staged and peaceful act of disobedience, including clergy and Cornel West.<ref name=NYTimes.October/> Saint Louis University became hosts to peaceful protesters around the Clock Tower, located near the library and is essentially the center of the campus. The protesters staged a [[sit in]] with over 250 people attending.<ref name="Protesters stage sit-in at St. Louis University">{{cite news |last1=Leiser |first1=Ken |last2=Barker |first2=Jacob |title=Protesters stage sit-in at St. Louis University |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/protesters-stage-sit-in-at-st-louis-university/article_9805e775-dffa-5b5a-b79d-6559866711ed.html |access-date=11 April 2016 |work=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |date=October 13, 2014 |ref=St. Louis Post-Dispatch}}</ref>
On October 20, [[Missouri Senate|Missouri Senator]] [[Jamilah Nasheed]] was arrested in front of the Ferguson Police Department building for blocking traffic in the street and not respecting police orders. She was taken into custody, along with a man who was accompanying her, and refused bond. At the time of her arrest she was carrying a handgun.<ref name=STLToday.Nasheed/><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/10/20/missouri-state-senator-arrested-in-ferguson/17646651/ |title=Missouri state senator arrested in Ferguson |last1=Held |first1=Kevin S. |date=October 20, 2014 |work=USA Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/10/21/jamilah-nasheed-arrested_n_6019006.html |title=Jamilah Nasheed, Missouri State Senator, Arrested During Ferguson Protests |date=October 21, 2014 |work=The Huffington Post}}</ref>
===November 2014===
On November 17, the governor of Missouri declared a state of emergency in anticipation of protests in Ferguson following the announcement of the results of the grand jury.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Swaine |first1=Jon |title=Missouri governor declares state of emergency as national guard called in to Ferguson |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2014/nov/17/missouri-governor-state-of-emergency-ferguson |website=The Guardian |access-date=November 17, 2014 |date=November 17, 2014}}</ref>
On November 21, two members of the [[New Black Panther Party]] were arrested for buying explosives they planned to detonate during protests. The same pair is also indicted for purchasing two pistols under false pretenses.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wallis |first=Daniel |title=FBI arrests two would-be Ferguson bomb suspects: law enforcement source |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-missouri-shooting-explosives-idUSKCN0J602N20141122 |work=Reuters |access-date=November 23, 2014 |date=November 23, 2014}}</ref>
On November 22, Journalist Trey Yingst was arrested in front of the Ferguson Police Department. He later filed a lawsuit with the ACLU and won an $8,500 settlement.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-ferguson-reporter-arrest-20141123-story.html |title=Journalist Trey Yingst arrested during Ferguson, Mo., protests |date=November 23, 2014 |work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/trey-yingst-journalist-arrested-in-ferguson-wins-settlement-from-st-louis-county_55b7f4bfe4b0224d88345c7d |title=Trey Yingst, Journalist Arrested In Ferguson, Wins Settlement From St. Louis County |agency=Associated Press |date=August 3, 2015 |work=The Huffington Post}}</ref>
On November 24, the grand jury decided not to indict Wilson in the shooting death of Brown.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Alcindor |first1=Yamiche |last2=Welch |first2=William M. |title=No indictment in Ferguson case |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/11/24/ferguson-grand-jury-deliberations/19474907 |website=USA Today |access-date=November 24, 2014 |date=November 24, 2014}}</ref> Following the announcement of the grand jury's decision, Michael Brown's stepfather Louis Head yelled to the crowd of protesters in front of the police department: "Burn this bitch down!"<ref>{{cite news |author1=John Eligon |author2=Alan Blinder |title=After Violent Night in Ferguson, State Acts to Protect People and Property |quote=As Ms. McSpadden cried, Mr. Head turned and yelled, with an expletive injected, "Burn this down!" The crowd began to roar, and some demonstrators rushed toward a fence near which police officers had assembled. |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 25, 2014 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/26/us/ferguson-missouri-violence.html |access-date=November 25, 2014}}</ref> There were peaceful protests as well as rioting. A dozen buildings were burned down; there was gunfire, looting, vandalism, and destruction of two St. Louis County Police patrol cars, as well as burning of various non-police cars.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Ellen Wulfhorst |author2=Daniel Wallis |author3=Edward McAllister |title=St. Louis suburb smolders after racially charged riots |work=[[Reuters]] |date=November 25, 2014 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-missouri-shooting-idUSKCN0J80PR20141125 |access-date=November 25, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Joe Millitzer |title=Protesters and police clash after Brown grand jury decision |newspaper=[[KTVI|Fox 2 KTVI]] |date=November 24, 2014 |url=http://fox2now.com/2014/11/24/live-blog-protesters-spar-with-police-in-ferguson |access-date=November 25, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ferguson grand jury decision recap: Mayhem as police cars, businesses burn |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=November 24, 2014 |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-ferguson-grand-jury-day-1-htmlstory.html |access-date=November 25, 2014}}</ref>
On {{nowrap|November 25}}, the body of 20-year-old DeAndre Joshua was found inside a parked car within a few blocks of where Brown was killed. Police initially classified the death as suspicious, later ruling it a homicide.<ref name="parked car">{{cite news |last1=Barker |first1=Jacob |title=Man found dead in car near Canfield apartments in Ferguson |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/body-of-man-found-near-canfield-apartments-in-ferguson/article_60822f0e-d41e-5809-83ce-2e51e611c4f4.html |access-date=November 25, 2014 |work=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |date=November 25, 2014 |quote=Police found the body of a man inside a parked car in Ferguson early Tuesday, after a night of looting and unrest ravaged parts of that city.}}</ref> The man had been shot in the head and burned.<ref name="Joshua burned">{{cite news |author1=Crimesider Staff |title=Cops: Body of man found in car in Ferguson was burned |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cops-body-of-man-found-in-car-in-ferguson-was-burned/ |access-date=November 30, 2014 |work=CBS News |agency=Associated Press |quote=The body of a man discovered dead in a car Tuesday in Ferguson, Missouri was burned and shot in the head, according to St. Louis County police.}}</ref> That same day, CNN reported that thousands of people rallied to protest the grand jury's decision in more than 170 U.S. cities from [[Boston]] to [[Los Angeles]], and that National Guard forces were reinforced at Ferguson to prevent the situation from escalating.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Almasy |first1=Steve |last2=Yan |first2=Holly |title=Protesters fill streets across country as Ferguson protests spread coast to coast |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/11/25/us/national-ferguson-protests/ |access-date=November 26, 2014 |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=November 25, 2014}}</ref> At least 90 people were arrested for arson, looting, and vandalism in [[Oakland, California]].<ref>[http://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Looting-in-Oakland-protests-Some-justify-it-5920462.php Looting in Oakland protests: Some justify it, others condemn it], ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'', November 26, 2014.</ref> Protests also took place internationally, with demonstrations held in several major cities in Canada<ref>[http://www.ctvnews.ca/mobile/canada/thousands-hold-vigil-in-toronto-for-slain-ferguson-black-teenager-1.2119061 Thousands hold vigil in Toronto for slain Ferguson black teenager], ''[[CTV News]]'', November 26, 2014.</ref> and in [[London]], United Kingdom.<ref>[https://www.vice.com/read/londoners-are-protesting-tonight-on-behalf-of-michael-brown-155 Londoners Are Protesting Against the Ferguson Decision Right Now], ''[[Vice News]]'', November 26, 2014.</ref> Calls by protesters to disrupt the [[Black Friday (shopping)|Black Friday]] shopping day, which took place the Friday after the grand jury decision, were heeded in the St. Louis region, with hundreds of demonstrators blocking walkways and shouting slogans at the [[Saint Louis Galleria]] and other area shopping centers.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141214231641/http://m.stlamerican.com/news/local_news/article_a021f116-773d-11e4-828e-fba99a32213d.html?mode=jqm Black Friday shutdown demonstration closes STL Galleria], ''[[The St. Louis American]]'', November 27, 2014.</ref>
On November 27, Governor Nixon reportedly rejected calls for a new grand jury to decide whether to charge Wilson over Brown's killing.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-30221838 |title=Ferguson shooting: Governor 'rejects calls for second jury' |work=BBC News |date=November 27, 2014}}</ref>
===December 2014===
On December 2, an armed militia associated with the [[Oath Keepers]] watched community members on Ferguson roofs, even after the police told them to stop doing so.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bogan |first=Jesse |title='Oath Keepers' are back on the rooftops in Ferguson despite St. Louis County ordinance |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/oath-keepers-are-back-on-the-rooftops-in-ferguson-despite/article_18757380-b471-5a6f-848c-a4dfe9805ed6.html |access-date=December 4, 2014 |work=St Louis Today |date=December 2, 2014}}</ref>
===March 2015===
On the night of March 11, 2015, around 12:00 a.m. CST, protests ensued throughout the city of Ferguson following the announcement of the chief of police's resignation. Under a mutual separation agreement, police chief Thomas Jackson would be paid one year of annual salary (nearly $96,000) with health benefits, with his resignation effective March 19. Lieutenant Colonel Al Eickhoff was declared acting chief pending the hiring of a replacement.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://abc7chicago.com/news/2-officers-shot-outside-ferguson-police-department/554937/ |title=2 officers shot at protest outside Ferguson Police Department |publisher=ABC 7 News |date=March 12, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313223933/http://abc7chicago.com/news/2-officers-shot-outside-ferguson-police-department/554937/ |archive-date=March 13, 2015 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> According to a report by Susan Weich of the ''[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]]'', there were two sets of protesters, one chanting clean slogans, and the other, "volatile, angry, hurling profanities at the police, media and other protesters."<ref name=Chandler>{{cite news |last1=Chandler |first1=Adam |title=The Gunfire in Ferguson |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2015/03/two-police-officers-shot-ferguson-protest/387553/ |access-date=March 12, 2015 |work=The Atlantic |date=March 12, 2015}}</ref>
In the early morning hours of March 12, two police officers were shot outside the Ferguson police station. Though approximately 100 protesters remained on the other side of South Florissant Road adjacent to the police line, witnesses believed the shooter was on the top of a hill approximately 220 yards from the police station.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/13/us/ferguson-police.html |last=Eligon |first=John |title=2 Officers Are Shot Outside Ferguson Police Station |date=March 12, 2015 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> A 41-year-old officer from the [[St. Louis County Police Department]] was hit in the shoulder, and a 32-year-old officer from the [[Webster Groves]] Police Department was hit in the cheek.<ref name=STLToday.ManHeld/> The St. Louis County police chief said that at least three shots were fired parallel to the ground rather than up into the air (not "skip shots") and therefore assumed his officers were the target.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.northlandsnewscenter.com/news/crime/Two-officers-shot-in-Ferguson-296055011.html |title=Two officers shot outside of department in Ferguson |work=NBC News |date=March 12, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316062913/http://www.northlandsnewscenter.com/news/crime/Two-officers-shot-in-Ferguson-296055011.html |archive-date=March 16, 2015 |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/videos/us/2015/03/12/nr-vo-witness-video-of-ferguson-officers-shot.cnn |title=New video captures gunfire in Ferguson |publisher=CNN |date=March 12, 2015}} (this low-quality video depicts the commotion of the crowd as the gunshots rang out)</ref> An "intense manhunt" was launched for the person or persons responsible for the shooting.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/gunfire-heard-protest-outside-ferguson-police-department-053643609.html |title=Police seek suspects in Ferguson, Missouri, police 'ambush' |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=February 12, 2015 |access-date=February 12, 2015}}</ref>
On March 14, 20-year-old black male [[#Jeffrey L. Williams|Jeffrey L. Williams]] was arrested in connection with the shooting.<ref name="reuters.Williams">{{cite web |url=
===April 2015===
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On August 9, the anniversary of Brown's fatal shooting, peaceful demonstrations occurred and attendants observed four-and-a-half minutes of silence, signifying the four-and-a-half hours during which Brown's body was left on the street.<ref name=CNN.Anniversary/>
[[File:Ferguson police August 2015 VOA.jpg|thumb|left|Police and protesters on August 10, 2015]]
Later on in the night, two groups of suspected looters began firing at each other during a demonstration. Four plain-clothed officers in an unmarked [[sports utility vehicle]] responded to the scene. There, they shot a man who allegedly opened fire on them with a stolen [[9mm]] [[SIG Sauer]] handgun. The suspect, identified as Tyrone Harris Jr., was hospitalized in "critical and unstable" condition. Three hours after the shooting, two teenagers were wounded in an apparent [[drive-by shooting]] as they were walking near a memorial dedicated to Brown. A journalist was also attacked and robbed in a parking lot, while three police officers were injured by protesters.<ref name=CNN.Anniversary>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/08/10/us/ferguson-protests/ |title=Gunfire erupts in Ferguson on anniversary of Michael Brown's killing |publisher=CNN |date=August 10, 2015 |access-date=August 10, 2015 |first1=Sara |last1=Sidner |first2=Faith |last2=Karimi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/11/us/shooting-ferguson-michael-brown.html |title=Ferguson Braces for Tense Day After Man Is Shot by Police |work=The New York Times |date=August 10, 2015 |access-date=August 10, 2015 |first1=John |last1=Eligon |first2=Mitch |last2=Smith}}</ref><ref name=Yahoo.Emergency>{{cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/police-shoot-gunman-who-opened-fire-during-ferguson-anniversary-protest-055405433.html |title=State of emergency issued following Ferguson anniversary violence |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=August 10, 2015 |access-date=August 10, 2015 |first=Jason |last=Sickles}}</ref><ref name=SLPD.Shot>{{cite web |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/person-shot-during-protests-late-sunday-in-ferguson/article_baaf86fd-2de0-53a7-b840-1941159aa5c7.html |title=Man shot by police in Ferguson after he fired at officers, police say |work=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |date=August 10, 2015 |access-date=August 10, 2015 |first1=Lisa |last1=Brown |first2=Tim |last2=Bryant}}</ref>
Following the violence, officials placed St. Louis County under a state of emergency on August 10, which was lifted three days later.<ref name=ABCNews.Extended/><ref name=Yahoo.Emergency/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/ferguson-missouri-state-of-emergency-ends-michael-brown-anniversary-protests/ |title=Ferguson state of emergency ends after days of protests |work=CBS News |date=August 14, 2015 |access-date=August 16, 2015}}</ref> Protests continued that day and into the night, with one such event shutting down [[Interstate 70]]. More than 100 protesters were arrested during the demonstrations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/police-man-shot-ferguson-protest-critically-injured-081101020.html |title=Police shooting, protests put Ferguson back on edge |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=August 10, 2015 |access-date=August 10, 2015 |first1=Jim |last1=Salter |first2=Alan Scher |last2=Zagier}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/protesters-arrested-while-marking-year-michael-browns-death-n407236 |title=Ferguson Demonstrations: Authorities Declare State of Emergency in St. Louis County |work=NBC News |date=August 10, 2015 |access-date=August 10, 2015 |first1=Jon |last1=Schuppe |first2=Juan |last2=Anguiano}}</ref> Early in the morning of August 11, more than 20 additional protesters were arrested.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/ferguson-suffers-another-night-of-unrest-1439284454 |title=Ferguson Suffers Another Night of Unrest |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=August 11, 2015 |access-date=August 11, 2015 |first=Ben |last=Kesling}}</ref> Later that day, police released video footage of Harris' shooting.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/police-release-video-shows-ferguson-suspect-gun-213933440.html |title=Police release video they say shows Ferguson suspect with gun |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=August 11, 2015 |access-date=August 11, 2015}}</ref>
===August 2016===
On the second anniversary of Michael Brown's death, mourners decided to hold a protest by blocking a road way. A vehicle later drove through the protesters hitting one and knocking them into the air. Protesters then began to shoot at the fleeing vehicle. The injured protester was later brought to a hospital and the driver cooperated with police.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/car-hits-protester-gunfire-briefly-erupts-at-ferguson-protest/article_5d7c259d-1dd6-5223-bd3d-bb67322cf9bd.html |title=Car hits protester, gunfire briefly erupts at Ferguson protest |work=St.Louis Post Dispatch |date=August 10, 2016 |access-date=August 10, 2016}}</ref>
==Related incidents==
Line 172 ⟶ 158:
Ray Albers of the [[St. Ann Police Department]] was suspended indefinitely from his duties after an incident at a protest in Ferguson that was captured on video. According to St. Louis County police, he pointed a semi-automatic service rifle at peaceful protesters while using profanity and threatening to kill them.<ref name=STLToday.Albers/><ref name=HuffPost.Albers2/><ref name=BostonCom.Suspend/><ref name=WashPost.Suspend/>
Albers was recorded on video saying, "I will fucking kill you."<ref name=sydney>{{cite news |last=Begley |first=Patrick |title='I will f---ing kill you': Missouri police officer threatens protesters in Ferguson |newspaper
Albers resigned eight days later on August 28, 2014.<ref name=STLToday.Officers/><ref name=HuffPost.Albers/><ref name=NYDailyNews.Officers/>
===Kajieme Powell===
Four miles from Ferguson, 25-year-old Kajieme Powell was killed by police gunfire in the early afternoon of August 19, 2014. It had been reported to the St Louis Police Department that Powell was behaving in an erratic manner, carrying a knife. Upon arriving at the scene police officers
St Louis police released several video and audio recordings of the shooting on 21 August.<ref name="St. Louis Video"/>
===Dan Page===
On August 22, St. Louis County Police officer Dan Page, who was filmed pushing CNN's [[Don Lemon]], was relieved of duty after a video emerged of an inflammatory speech Page had given to the St. Louis and St. Charles chapter of the [[Oath Keepers]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mediaite.com/tv/officer-who-pushed-don-lemon-relieved-of-duty-after-racist-rant-emerges/ |title=St. Louis Cop Dan Page Pushed Don Lemon Relieved of Duty |website=Mediaite |date=August 22, 2014 |access-date=August 25, 2014}}</ref> He retired three days later.<ref name=NYDailyNews.Officers/><ref name=HuffPost.PageRetires/>
===Matthew Pappert===
Line 189 ⟶ 177:
===Vonderrit Myers Jr.===
On October 8, 2014, Vonderrit Myers Jr. was shot and killed by an off-duty police officer in [[Shaw, St. Louis]]. Police said he had a gun and shot at them. Doug Hollis of St. Louis, a relative of both Myers and Michael Brown, did not witness the shooting but told ''[[USA Today]]'' that Myers was unarmed, with only a sandwich in his hands, and suggested that the gun found at the scene might have been planted by police.<ref name=USAToday.Second/> Following the shooting, there were multiple nights of protests.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theroot.com/articles/culture/2014/10/vonderrit_myers_family_stop_killing_our_children.html |title=Vonderrit Myers' Family: 'Stop Killing Our Children' - The Root |author=Sharee Silerio |date=October 10, 2014 |work=The Root |access-date=November 25, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112171548/http://www.theroot.com/articles/culture/2014/10/vonderrit_myers_family_stop_killing_our_children.html |archive-date=November 12, 2014 |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://thegrio.com/2014/10/10/protest-shooting-vonderitt-myers/ |title=Another night of protests over the shooting death of 18-year-old Vonderitt Myers |work=theGrio |date=October 10, 2014 |access-date=November 25, 2014}}</ref> Forensic evidence later confirmed that Myers had gunshot residue on his right hand, shirt, and pants, indicating that he had fired a gun. Three bullets fired at police matched Myers's gun.<ref name=STLToday.Forensic/><ref name=MSNBC.Matters/><ref name=IBTimes.Myers/> The family's attorney noticed that police versions differ about the weapon Myers allegedly used: first, police mentioned a 9mm Ruger, and later a 9mm Smith & Wesson.
On May 19, 2015, it was announced that no charges would be filed against the off-duty police officer. St. Louis Circuit Attorney Jennifer Joyce's report says the officer shot and killed Myers in self-defense after Myers fired a gun at him, and thus a criminal violation could not be proven beyond a reasonable doubt in the resulting death.<ref>{{cite news |last1=SUHR |first1=JIM |title=No charges for St. Louis officer who killed 18-year-old |url=http://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/no-charges-for-st-louis-officer-who-killed-18-year-old/ |access-date=May 19, 2015 |agency=AP News}}</ref>
===Antonio Martin===
{{main|Shooting of Antonio Martin}}
On December 23, 2014, 18-year-old Antonio Martin was shot and killed in [[Berkeley, Missouri]] after pulling a gun on a [[St. Louis County Police Department|St. Louis County police officer]] who was questioning him. The incident provoked additional violent protests in the area.<ref name=guardian-martin>{{cite news |last1=Weaver |first1=Matthew |title=Antonio Martin shooting |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/live/2014/dec/24/black-teenager-shot-dead-by-police-in-st-louis-live-updates |access-date=December 24, 2014 |work=The Guardian}}</ref>
===Jeffrey L. Williams===
On March 14, 2015, Jeffrey L. Williams, age 20,<ref name="reuters.Williams"/> was arrested in connection with the shooting of two police officers two days earlier (see [[#March 2015|above]]). Williams, who is black and was on probation for possession of stolen property,<ref name="reuters.Williams"/> had admitted to firing the shots but said that he was not aiming at police. According to Williams' attorney, he intended to retaliate against a person who had robbed him earlier that day.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/man-20-accused-shooting-officers-ferguson-protest-053404421.html |title=Attorney: Ferguson shooting suspect didn't target officers |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=February 16, 2015 |access-date=February 16, 2015}}</ref> Police recovered a .40-[[caliber]] handgun that matched the spent cartridges found at the crime scene.<ref name=STLToday.ManHeld>{{cite web |website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/ferguson-police-shooter-had-been-at-protest-earlier-source-says/article_a25d4fc3-5889-5f15-a8fe-2995af5962ac.html |title=Prosecutor: Man held in wounding of two officers at Ferguson may have been shooting at someone else |date=March 15, 2015 |access-date=March 15, 2015}}</ref> On April 1, the [[Associated Press]] reported that during phone conversations, Williams confessed to firing back at an unidentified person who was shooting at him during the March 12 protest. His attorney had previously claimed Williams never discharged a firearm during the shooting.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/man-charged-shooting-officers-discusses-jail-audio-191215792.html |title=Man charged in shooting officers discusses it in jail audio |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=April 1, 2015 |access-date=April 2, 2015}}</ref> Arraigned on June 3, Williams pleaded not guilty to all charges. In December 2016, a jury found Williams guilty of two counts of first-degree assault, three counts of armed criminal action and one count of unlawful use of a weapon. He was sentenced to 25 years in prison on March 17, 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/st-louis-county-man-sentenced-to-years-for-shooting-two/article_0b067d61-9e41-5f78-bae0-5e907a91c885.html |title=St. Louis County man sentenced to 25 years for shooting two officers at Ferguson protest |publisher=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |date=March 17, 2017 |access-date=November 29, 2018}}</ref>
===Tyrone Harris Jr.===
On August 9, 2015, the anniversary of Brown's shooting, Tyrone Harris Jr., age 18, was shot by four plain-clothed police officers during a gunfight between looters (see [[#August 2015|above]]). He was hospitalized in critical condition. Police charged him with four counts of first-degree assault on law enforcement, five counts of armed criminal action, and one count of discharging a firearm at a motor vehicle. Harris was held on a $250,000 cash-only bond.<ref name=CNN.Anniversary/> According to Harris' father, he graduated from the same high school as Brown and was a close friend of his.<ref name=SLPD.Shot/> Two days after the shooting, police released surveillance video of Harris firing a gun at an unmarked police car.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/surveillance-footage-shows-tyrone-harris-pulling-gun-waistband/story?id=33024044 |title=New Surveillance Footage Shows Tyrone Harris Pulling Gun from Waistband, Police Say |work=ABC News |date=August 11, 2015 |access-date=August 12, 2015 |first=Tom |last=Liddy}}</ref> Harris was out on bond for felony charges related to the theft of a vehicle and a gun at the time of the incident.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fox2now.com/2015/08/10/tyrone-harris-jr-showed-off-guns-on-facebook-was-out-on-bond-for-other-felony-charges/ |title=Tyrone Harris showed off guns on Facebook, was out on bond for other felony charges |work=fox2now |date=August 10, 2015 |access-date=August 12, 2015 |first=Chris |last=Hayes}}</ref> Despite video evidence, Harris' father denied that his son had a gun. Others in Ferguson said that Harris might not have known he was firing at an unmarked police car.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-ferguson-idUSKCN0QH1QK20150812 |title=Riot-torn Ferguson, Missouri to remain in state of emergency: officials |work=Reuters |date=August 12, 2015 |access-date=August 12, 2015 |first=Scott |last=Malone}}</ref>
On the night that Harris was shot, a free benefit concert to raise money for the family of Brown was sponsored by Activist/Rapper [[Talib Kweli]]. Kweli along with Academy Award winner [[Common (rapper)|Common]], and other members of the [[Black Lives Matter]] movement were present. Harris was shot while the concert took place. The event and subsequent protest were filmed and organized into an award-winning short documentary entitled [[Bars4Justice|#Bars4Justice]] directed by multi-media activists Queen Muhammad Ali and Hakeem Khaaliq. The film won best short film at the 24th annual Pan African Film Festival in 2016.
==Later deaths of protestors==
{{As of|2019|March}}, Ferguson protesters have continued to receive threats to their lives or wellbeing.<ref name="2019-03-18-nbc"/> A number have died under circumstances viewed as suspicious by the community.<ref name="2019-03-18-nbc"/> Continuing mistrust between the police and the community may have resulted in the police failing to adequately investigate these deaths.<ref name="2019-03-18-nbc">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/puzzling-number-men-tied-ferguson-protests-have-died-n984261 |title
On September 6, 2016, [[Darren Seals]], a leader in the Ferguson protests, was found shot and killed inside a burning car, similarly to DeAndre Joshua;<ref name="2019-03-18-nbc"/> he was 29
==Related developments==
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===Injunction against "keep moving" rule at peaceful protests===
On September 29, 2014, the [[American Civil Liberties Union|ACLU]] asked a federal court to order police to stop using the "keep moving" rule during protests in Ferguson, which prevented people from standing still under threat of arrest. St. Louis County Police Chief Jon Belmar testified that the rule was meant to be used for the most volatile night protests during curfew and was mistakenly used by some officers at calm protests during the day.<ref name=STLToday.Moving/> On October 6, Chief Judge [[Catherine D. Perry]], of the [[United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri]], ruled that "The practice of requiring peaceful demonstrators and others to walk, rather than stand still, violates the constitution," and issued an injunction against the practice for peaceful, law-abiding protesters in Ferguson.<ref name=washPost.Unconstitutional/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aclu.org/blog/free-speech-racial-justice/there-no-5-second-rule-first-amendment-ferguson |title=There Is No 5-Second Rule for the First Amendment, Ferguson |first=Lee |last=Rowland |date=August 21, 2014 |access-date=September 11, 2019 |url-status=live |archive-date=September 29, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929155648/https://www.aclu.org/blog/free-speech/freedom-press/there-no-5-second-rule-first-amendment-ferguson}}</ref>
===Rebuilding process===
The QuikTrip that was looted and burned during the first night of unrest will be rebuilt as a job training center as part of the Urban League of Metropolitan St. Louis's "empowering communities" effort. The center, when complete, will house the new Save Our Sons program. St. Louis area companies have contributed $1.2 million toward the effort, meant to give young jobless or underemployed men a month's training before matching them with area jobs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wate.com/2015/03/14/st-louis-companies-to-rebuild-a-ferguson-store-as-a-job-training-center/ |title=St. Louis companies to rebuild a Ferguson store as a job training center |access-date=March 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315151602/http://wate.com/2015/03/14/st-louis-companies-to-rebuild-a-ferguson-store-as-a-job-training-center/ |archive-date=March 15, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
===Philanthropy help===
Wanting to aid the healing process of the wounded city, an anonymous couple called the Greater Saint Louis Community Foundation and set up a $100,000 fund. But the generous couple didn't know which programs or initiatives would best help Ferguson, so they requested that a racially balanced group of Ferguson residents make the decision on how to distribute the money.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Koenig |first1=Rebecca |title=In Ferguson, a Gift to Heal Divisions |url=https://philanthropy.com/article/In-Ferguson-a-Gift-to-Heal/230777 |website=The Chronicle of Philanthropy |date=June 9, 2015 |access-date=December 7, 2015}}</ref>
The Come Together Ferguson grant committee—made up of pairs of black and white teachers, police officers, pastors, and residents—decided to award the first round of grants to Ferguson summer youth programs. On Saturday, May 23, 2015, the committee announced it would distribute $39,000 to eleven organizations, selected out of 42 applications.<ref>{{cite web |title=Come Together Ferguson |url=http://www.stlgives.org/charities/come-together-ferguson/ |website=St. Louis Gives |access-date=December 7, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113195151/http://www.stlgives.org/charities/come-together-ferguson/ |archive-date=November 13, 2015 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
===New police chief named===
[[Delrish Moss]], a seasoned Miami police officer with decades of experience related to public relations and community outreach, was appointed police chief in April 2016. Major Moss, who is black, will be leading the primarily white police force in protecting a community where over half of residents are African American.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/01/us/missouri-an-officer-from-miami-is-the-new-police-chief-for-ferguson.html Ferguson Names Black Police Chief] The New York Times, April 3, 2016
==Racial context==
''[[The Washington Post]]'' noted that racial disparities had already existed between the Ferguson Police Department and its citizenry, which had experienced significant demographic changes since 2000.<ref name=WashPost.Even/> Protests,<ref name=NYDailyNews.Stage/> vandalism, and other forms of social unrest continued for more than a week,<ref name=KY3.Next/> and the violence escalated despite the imposition of a night curfew.<ref name=Economist.Police/><ref name=Vox.Tensions/> Several of the stores looted during the unrest are [[Asian American]]-owned, with ''[[The Daily Beast]]'' writing that Asian-Americans tend to be "left out" of the race relations discussion.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mak |first=Tim |date=August 20, 2014 |title=Ferguson's Other Race Problem: Riots Damaged Asian-Owned Stores |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/08/20/ferguson-s-other-race-problem-riots-damaged-asian-owned-stores.html |newspaper=The Daily Beast |publisher=[[The Daily Beast Company LLC]] |access-date=August 21, 2014}}</ref>
Also according to ''The Washington Post'', the Ferguson Police Department "bears little demographic resemblance" to the mostly African-American community, which already harbored "suspicions of the law enforcement agency" preceding Brown's shooting, with 48 of the police force's 53 officers being white,<ref name=LATimes.Unrest/> while the population is only one-third white and about two-thirds black.<ref name=WashPost.Even/><ref name="msnbc-20140812">{{cite news |url=https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/michael-brown-aftermath-ferguson-police-brutality |title=Michael Brown shooting unearths Ferguson's deeper troubles |last=Lee |first=Trymaine |date=August 12, 2014 |publisher=MSNBC |access-date=August 15, 2014}}</ref> The community had experienced rapid demographic change in recent years; in 2000, just over half of the population was black.<ref name=WashPost.Even/> An annual report last year by the office of Missouri's attorney general concluded that Ferguson police were "twice as likely to arrest African Americans during traffic stops as they were whites."<ref name=WashPost.Even/>
The ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' argued that the situation that exploded in Ferguson "has been building for decades," stating that the protesters initially came from the town as well as from neighboring towns that have pockets of poverty, the poorest towns in St. Louis, and it also argued that "the growing challenge of the suburbanization of poverty" was the catalyst of the unrest.<ref name=LATimes.Economy/>
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''[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]]'' argued that "[[African Americans|Blacks]] in this country are more apt to riot because they are one of the populations here which still needs to riot. In the case of the [[1992 Los Angeles riots|1992 riots]], 30 years of black people trying to talk about their struggles against racial profiling are muted, but their reaction to still vastly unfair, treatment, came to a boil. Sometimes, enough is simply too much. And after that catalyst event, the landscape of southern California changed, and nationally, police forces took note."<ref name=TM/>
Another aspect of this situation might stem from a system that burdens the poor and black in Ferguson.<ref>{{Cite journal |title
==Reactions==
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* On August 12, citing an incident where a St. Louis County Police Department helicopter was fired on from the ground, the [[Federal Aviation Administration|FAA]] implemented a no-fly zone over Ferguson.<ref name=Time.Fly/><ref name=FAA.NOTAM/> Recordings of telephone conversations between FAA employees later revealed that the true reason the flight restrictions were requested was to keep news helicopters out of the area during the protest violence. The tapes were obtained by the [[Associated Press]] in a [[Freedom of Information Act (United States)|Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)]] request.<ref name=NYTimes.Tapes/>
* In an August 14 op-ed in ''[[Time Magazine]]'', [[United States Senator|U.S. Senator]] [[Rand Paul]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|R-]]Kentucky) said that police forces need to be demilitarized and that "[t]he shooting of 18-year-old Michael Brown is an awful tragedy" and that "Anyone who thinks race does not skew the application of criminal justice in this country is just not paying close enough attention."<ref name=Time.Paul/>
* Senator [[Elizabeth Warren]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D-]]Massachusetts) and Representative [[Justin Amash]] (R-Michigan) tweeted similar descriptions of Ferguson as a "war zone" in the aftermath of the police actions of August 12, with Amash calling the situation "frightening" on August 13 and Warren demanding answers on August 14.<ref name="MediaiteWarrenAmash">{{cite web |url=http://www.mediaite.com/online/sen-warren-and-rep-amash-make-near-identical-war-zone-statements-on-ferguson/ |title=Sen. Warren and Rep. Amash Make Near-Identical 'War Zone' Statements on Ferguson |last=Wilstein |first=Matt |website=Mediaite |date=August 14, 2014 |access-date=August 17, 2014}}</ref>
* On August 23, [[U.S. President]] [[Barack Obama]] ordered a review of the distribution of military hardware to state and local police, questioning the use of such equipment during the racial unrest in Ferguson. The review will be led by White House staff and includes the [[Domestic Policy Council]], the [[United States National Security Council|National Security Council]], the [[Office of Management and Budget]], as well as other agencies including the [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]], [[Homeland Security]], the [[United States Department of Justice|Justice Department]], and the [[United States Department of the Treasury|Treasury Department]], in coordination with Congress.<ref name=Reuters.ObamaReview/> Attorney General Eric Holder said in a statement to ''The New York Times'' that "it makes sense to take a look at whether military-style equipment is being acquired for the right purposes and whether there is proper training on when and how to deploy it" and that "[d]isplays of force in response to mostly peaceful demonstrations can be counterproductive."<ref name=USAToday.WhiteHouse/>
* On September 4, Eric Holder announced that the Justice Department will investigate Ferguson police force for possible misconduct or discrimination, saying that, "[w]e have determined that there is cause for the Justice Department to open an investigation to determine whether Ferguson police officials have engaged in a pattern or practice of violations of the U.S. Constitution or federal law."<ref name=WSJ.JusticeDept/> Attorney General Holder indicated that an overhaul similar to a recent agreement with the [[Albuquerque]] police department over use of excessive force could be called for in Ferguson. "It's pretty clear that the need for wholesale change in that department is appropriate," Holder said.<ref name="Washington Post"/>
* On September 24 at the United Nations General Assembly, President Obama described the racial tensions at Ferguson as a failure to live up to America's ideals, and said that, "[i]n a summer marked by instability in the Middle East and Eastern Europe, I know the world also took notice of the small American city of Ferguson, Missouri – where a young man was killed, and a community was divided. So yes, we have our own racial and ethnic tensions."<ref name=HuffPo.Embarrassment/>
* On November 24, minutes after a prosecuting attorney announced that a [[grand jury]] decided not to indict police officer Darren Wilson, President Obama urged calm and restraint in Ferguson, saying racial discrimination and distrust of police cannot be resolved by "throwing bottles." Immediately after the shooting and in the weeks leading up to the grand jury announcement, President Obama has made several such calls for calm and restraint in Ferguson.<ref>{{cite news |author=Kathleen Hennessey |title=Obama urges restraint after Ferguson grand jury decision |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-obama-ferguson-statement-20141124-story.html |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=November 24, 2014}}</ref>
* On November 24, after reports of gunshots fired into the sky in Ferguson, the FAA diverted some flights to other airports that were inbound to St. Louis. Departures were not affected. The [[Temporary Flight Restriction]] said that no news helicopters or commercial flights were allowed in a three-mile radius up to an altitude of 3000 feet.<ref>{{cite news |title=FAA issues restrictions on flights near Ferguson protest area |url=http://www.foxnews.com/us/2014/11/24/faa-issues-restrictions-on-flights-near-ferguson-protest-area-st-louis-airport/ |publisher=[[Fox News Channel]] |date=November 24, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Matt Pearce |title=Amid Missouri unrest, FAA closes air space over Ferguson |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-ferguson-no-fly-20141124-story.html |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=November 24, 2014}}</ref>
====Supreme Court Justices====
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* On August 14, [[List of Governors of Missouri|Governor of Missouri]] [[Jay Nixon]] stated that the Ferguson riots were "deeply challenging" and "promised 'operational shifts' to ease the situation,<ref name=BBC.Nixon /> using the [[Missouri State Highway Patrol]] to direct security.<ref name=CNN.Troopers />
* [[Maria Chappelle-Nadal]], a Missouri Senator who represented parts of Ferguson and was tear-gassed during the demonstrations, said in an interview that "It doesn't matter if Michael Brown committed theft or not. That's not the issue. The issue is what happened when Darren Wilson encountered Michael Brown, and when he died—when he was killed. Those are the only facts that are necessary."<ref name=HuffPost.Equal />
* [[James Knowles III]], the Mayor of Ferguson, was slow to seek support and coordination from state and county authorities as violence and civil unrest developed in his municipality. Mayor Knowles did not receive a phone call from either the Governor or others as riots developed and even as others came on the scene, no one appeared to take charge.<ref>Davey, Monica; [[Tanzina Vega|Vega, Tanzina]]. (August 20, 2014). Retrieved August 21, 2014. [https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/21/us/chaos-in-ferguson-is-fueled-by-tangle-of-leadership.html?rref=homepage&module=Ribbon&version=context®ion=Header&action=click&contentCollection=Home%20Page&pgtype=Multimedia "Chaos in Ferguson Is Fueled by Tangle of Leadership"], ''The New York Times''</ref>
====Local authorities====
* [[Jennings, Missouri]]: On August 11, in response to safety concerns, the school district in nearby [[Jennings, Missouri|Jennings]] cancelled the first day of classes.<ref name=STLToday.Events/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kfvs12.com/story/26251033/schools-cancel-classes-after-police-shooting |title=Schools cancel classes after police shooting |publisher=KFVS |location=Cape Girardeau, Missouri |date=August 5, 2014 |access-date=August 12, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812205546/http://www.kfvs12.com/story/26251033/schools-cancel-classes-after-police-shooting |archive-date=August 12, 2014 |df=mdy-all
* [[Ferguson-Florissant School District|Ferguson-Florissant School District, Missouri]]: On August 13, in response to the continuing unrest in the community, Ferguson-Florissant schools that were to open Thursday were closed and scheduled to reopen on Monday.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://stlouis.cbslocal.com/2014/08/13/ferguson-florissant-school-district-postpones-first-day-of-school/ |title=Ferguson-Florissant School District Postpones First Day of School |publisher=KMOX |location=St. Louis, Missouri |date=August 13, 2014 |access-date=August 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814040717/http://stlouis.cbslocal.com/2014/08/13/ferguson-florissant-school-district-postpones-first-day-of-school/ |archive-date=August 14, 2014 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all
* On August 12, [[Metropolitan Police Department, City of St. Louis]] Commissioner of Police [[Sam Dotson]] decided against providing any more manpower to Ferguson owing to concerns about the welfare of the protesters and the handling of the situation by local police.<ref name=AP.Tactics/>
* On September 1, it was reported that, after receiving a large amount of criticism regarding their practices, the police force in Ferguson had begun to wear [[body camera]]s. The cameras had been donated to the police by two private security firms.<ref name=NBCNews.Cameras/>
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====Brown family====
* One of Brown's cousins released a statement saying that "the stealing and breaking in stores is not what Mike will want, it is very upsetting to me and my family." The statement also said, "Our family didn't ask for this but for justice and peace."<ref name=NYDailyNews.FBI/>
* After the grand jury's decision was announced, Brown's mother, Lesley McSpadden, speaking to a crowd, expressed feelings of disbelief and innocence.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sanchez |first=Ray |date=November 25, 2014 |title=Michael Brown's stepfather at rally: 'Burn this bitch down!' |publisher=CNN |access-date=November 25, 2014 |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/11/25/us/michael-brown-stepfather-video/index.html?eref=rss_topstories}}</ref> Brown's stepfather, Louis Head, turned to a crowd of demonstrators who had gathered, and yelled, "Burn this motherfucker down" and "Burn this bitch down," according to a ''New York Times'' video.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/11/25/us/michael-brown-stepfather-video/index.html |title=Michael Brown's stepfather at rally: 'Burn this bitch down!' |author=Ray Sanchez |date=November 25, 2014 |publisher=CNN |access-date=November 29, 2014}}</ref> He later apologized for his outburst.<ref>{{cite web |
====Polls====
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====Third parties====
[[File:Protest at Ferguson police dept.jpg|thumb|Protestors gather at the Ferguson police department]]
* As of December 28, 2014, at least 253 demonstrations had been held worldwide for Michael Brown or in solidarity with Ferguson.<ref>{{cite web |title=2014 Black Lives Matter Demonstrations |url=https://www.elephrame.com/textbook/protests |website=Elephrame |access-date=December 29, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226205743/https://www.elephrame.com/textbook/protests |archive-date=December 26, 2014 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* Local pastors held a vigil on the morning of Sunday, August 10.<ref name="ktvi140810">{{cite news |first=Betsey |last=Bruce |publisher=KTVI |location=St. Louis, Missouri |title=Tensions still running high during Ferguson vigil for Michael Brown |url=http://fox2now.com/2014/08/10/clergy-hold-vigil-for-teen-shot-by-police/ |date=August 10, 2014 |access-date=August 11, 2014}}</ref> Another vigil was planned on the same day, at 8:00 p.m. in the area where Brown was killed.<ref name="ktvi140810" />
* National vigils and marches occurred on the evening of Thursday, August 14, in over 100 cities around the U.S. with thousands in attendance. They were organized by FeministaJones, using Twitter and the #NMOS14 hashtag.<ref name=WashPost.Facebook/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Johnson |first1=M. Alex |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/nmos14-vigils-held-honor-ferguson-victim-michael-brown-n180981/ |title=#NMOS14: Vigils Held to Honor Ferguson Victim Michael Brown |work=NBC News |date=August 14, 2014 |access-date=August 18, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Hacktivism|Hacktivists]] claiming an association with [[Anonymous (group)|Anonymous]] and operating under the codename "Operation Ferguson" organized cyberprotests by setting up a website and a Twitter account.<ref name=WashPost.Riot/> The group promised that if any protesters were harassed or harmed, they would attack the city's servers and computers, taking them offline.<ref name=WashPost.Riot/> City officials said that e-mail systems were targeted and phones died, while the Internet crashed at the City Hall.<ref name=WashPost.Riot/><ref name=STLToday.Hackers/> Prior to August 15, members of Anonymous corresponding with ''[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]'' said that they were working on confirming the identity of the undisclosed police officer who shot Brown and would release his name as soon as they did.<ref name=MoJo.Anonymous/> On August 14, Anonymous posted on its Twitter feed what it claimed was the name of the officer involved in the shooting.<ref name="NYTimes.Obama" /><ref>{{cite news |url=http://stlouis.cbslocal.com/2014/08/14/anonymous-releases-alleged-name-of-officer-they-say-fatally-shot-michael-brown/ |title=Anonymous Releases Alleged Name Of Officer They Say Fatally Shot Michael Brown |publisher=KMOX |location=St. Louis, Missouri |date=August 14, 2014 |access-date=August 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815034209/http://stlouis.cbslocal.com/2014/08/14/anonymous-releases-alleged-name-of-officer-they-say-fatally-shot-michael-brown/ |archive-date=August 15, 2014 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all
* A group of Tibetan monks joined the protesters in Ferguson on Sunday, August 17.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Varghese |first1=Johnlee |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/michael-brown-shooting-tibetan-monks-join-ferguson-protesters-607046 |title=Michael Brown Shooting: Tibetan Monks Join Ferguson Protesters |website=International Business Times |date=August 18, 2014 |access-date=August 22, 2014}}</ref>[[File:Ferguson Day 6, Picture 19.png|thumb|[[Civil and political rights|Civil rights]] leader Reverend [[Jesse Jackson]] in Ferguson, August 17, 2014]]
* On August 17, about 150 people protested in downtown St. Louis in support of Darren Wilson. The protesters argued that Wilson had been victimized and that any punishment for him would cause law enforcement officers to be "frightened to do their jobs."<ref name=Cleveland.WilsonRally />
* [[CNN]], along with [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] and others, described the incident as having triggered a national debate on race relations, as well as the use of force and the militarization of the police in the United States.<ref name=KY3.Next/>
* The Green Shadow Cabinet, a group led by 2012 [[Green Party of the United States|Green Party]] presidential nominee Dr. [[Jill Stein]], stated on August 14 that "[a] healthy response by the local police and government agencies in Ferguson and St. Louis County would have been to immediately announce a full investigation of the shooting and a review of police policies and practices."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://greenshadowcabinet.us/statements/healthy-response-racism-and-trauma-ferguson |title=A Healthy Response to Racism and Trauma in Ferguson |website=Green Shadow Cabinet |date=August 14, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821155447/http://greenshadowcabinet.us/statements/healthy-response-racism-and-trauma-ferguson |archive-date=August 21, 2014 |df=mdy-all
* Some veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces criticized the tactics and procedures used by the police during the unrest, including the use of assault rifles in a protest situation. They also criticized the choice to use canine units, which played into racial imagery exacerbating the issue and encouraged engaging the civilian population in dialogue and social media.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2014/08/14/military-veterans-see-deeply-flawed-police-response-in-ferguson/ |title=Military veterans see deeply flawed police response in Ferguson |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=November 25, 2014}}</ref>
* On September 22, protesters received support from a California-based group called We Copwatch to improve the way they record their interactions with the police.<ref name=KSKD.Cameras/>
* In October 2014, members of the Emerson Unitarian Universalist Chapel in the primarily white St. Louis suburb of Chesterfield, Missouri, held its first Black Lives Matter vigil to honor Michael Brown.<ref name=STLToday.FirstWECAN /> The group evolved into the West County Community Action Network (WE CAN), a grassroots organization that holds weekly Black Lives Matter vigils in visible locations in primarily white portions of St. Louis County, Missouri. The organization advocates about various Calls to Action of the Ferguson Commission Report, ''Forward Through Ferguson: A Path Toward Racial Equity'',<ref name=STLPublicRadio.Report /> a 2015 analysis that highlighted structural contributions to inequity in the region and ways to address them.<ref name=STLMag.Report /> The group's efforts, focused in the western area of the county, include working to dismantle the school-to-prison pipeline,<ref name=WestNewsMagazine.Parkway /> promoting racial equity in police work,<ref name=STLToday.FirstWECAN /> and advocating about racially equitable voting rights.<ref name=StLouisCo.Elections /> Members of the group are also poised to respond to racist acts in the area.<ref name=FoxNews2.WECANResponse />
* [[St. Louis Rams]] wide receiver [[Kenny Britt]] led his teammates [[Tavon Austin]], [[Jared Cook]], [[Stedman Bailey]], and [[Chris Givens]] in giving the "Hands up, Don't shoot." gesture when walking on to the field prior to the November 30 contest against the [[Oakland Raiders]]. The five came under fire from several media outlets, including [[Mike Ditka]], who called the display "embarrassing."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/eye-on-football/24862725/mike-ditka-im-embarrassed-for-rams-players-more-than-anything- |title=Mike Ditka: 'I'm embarrassed for (Rams) players more than anything' |publisher=CBSSports.com |access-date=December 5, 2014 |archive-date=May 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510121930/http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/eye-on-football/24862725/mike-ditka-im-embarrassed-for-rams-players-more-than-anything- |url-status=dead}}</ref>
===International reactions===
*[[China]] – The Chinese state news [[Xinhua News Agency]] said hours before the governor ordered National Guard troops into Ferguson, "Obviously, what the United States needs to do is to concentrate on solving its own problems rather than always pointing fingers at others."<ref name=LATimes.International/>
*[[Egypt]] – Its [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Egypt)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] stressed that it agrees calls for "self restraint and respect for the right of assembly and peaceful expression of opinion" in the protests, hoping that the American authorities deal with the protests according to "the international standards."<ref name=DNEgypt.Restraint>{{cite news |author=<!-- No byline given --> |title=Egypt calls for restraint in Ferguson |date=August 19, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |website=Daily News Egypt |url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2014/08/19/egypt-calls-restraint-ferguson/
*[[France]] – [[Ministry of Justice (France)|French Minister of Justice]] [[Christiane Taubira]] commented on [[Radio France Internationale]], "I will not make value judgements on the institutions of the United States but when the sense of frustration is that strong, that deep, that long-lasting and that huge, there is reason to question whether people trust these institutions. You realise that somehow it only happens to the same people: Afro-American kids. Certain clichés still persist, certain prejudices which can create terrible reflexes." She also tweeted in French "Michael Brown, racial profiling, social exclusion, territorial segregation, cultural relegation, weapons, fear, fatal cocktail." Taking a line of the song [[I Shot the Sheriff]] by [[Bob Marley]], she added: "Kill them before they grow?."<ref>{{cite web |title=Ferguson riots product of US racism, French justice minister |date=November 25, 2014 |url=http://www.english.rfi.fr/americas/20141125-Ferguson-riots-product-of-US-racism,-French-justice-minister |publisher=Radio France Internationale |access-date=November 25, 2014}}</ref>
*[[Iran]] – The [[Islamic Republic News Agency]] commented, "Violence has become institutionalized in the U.S. in recent years, but since President Obama, the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize winner, came to the White House, the violence has intensified, and now it has erupted against blacks in Ferguson."<ref name=LATimes.International/>
*[[North Korea]] - called the United States a "human rights graveyard,"<ref>{{cite news |title=North Korea calls US 'human rights graveyard' over Ferguson |url=https://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-calls-us-human-rights-graveyard-over-042656891.html |access-date=November 25, 2014 |agency=Agence France-Presse |publisher=Yahoo News |date=August 27, 2014}}</ref> the "laughingstock of the world," and "a country wantonly violating the human rights where people are subject to discrimination and humiliation due to their race and are seized with such horror that they do not know when they are [going to be] shot to death."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Taylor |first1=Adam |title=North Korea: Ferguson was a 'disgrace' and the United States is now 'laughingstock of the world' |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/08/27/north-korea-ferguson-was-a-disgrace-and-the-united-states-are-now-laughing-stock-of-the-world/ |access-date=May 2, 2015 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=August 27, 2015}}</ref>
*[[Russia]] – The [[Russian Foreign Ministry]] stated, "Our American partners [have] to pay more attention to restoring order in their own country before imposing their dubious experience on other nations" and that the U.S. "has positioned itself as a 'bastion of human rights' and is actively engaged in 'export of democracy' on a systematic basis," but that "serious violations of basic human rights and barbaric practices thrive" in the country.<ref name=LATimes.International/>
*[[Turkey]] – The [[Turkish Foreign Ministry]] criticized the U.S. police for detaining a correspondent of the state Anadolu news agency while he covered protests in Ferguson, Missouri, calling it unacceptable and against the freedom of press.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- No byline given --> |title=Turkish officials condemn US detention of Anadolu reporter in Ferguson |date=August 21, 2014 |access-date=August 21, 2014 |url=http://www.todayszaman.com/anasayfa_turkish-officials-condemn-us-detention-of-anadolu-reporter-in-ferguson_356324.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902052458/http://www.todayszaman.com/anasayfa_turkish-officials-condemn-us-detention-of-anadolu-reporter-in-ferguson_356324.html |archive-date=September 2, 2014 |df=mdy-all
===Others===
* From August 14 to 22, [[Amnesty International USA]] had a team of human rights observers, trainers and researchers in Ferguson. It included organizers to train activists in the use of non-violent protests.<ref name=Amnesty.Delegation/><ref name=Amnesty.Report/> This was the first time that [[Amnesty International]] has deployed such a team to the United States.<ref name =Buzzfeed.Amnesty/><ref name=LATimes.Curfew/><ref name=HuffPost.Amnesty/> In a subsequent report of October 24, 2014, they expressed concerns for [[human rights]] in Ferguson, related to the use of lethal force in the death of Brown, racial discrimination and excessive use of police force, imposition of restrictions on the rights to protest, intimidation of protesters, the use of tear gas, [[rubber bullet]]s and [[long range acoustic device]]s, restrictions imposed on the media covering the protests, and lack of accountability for law enforcement policing protests.<ref name=Amnesty.Report/><ref name=TimeMag.Amnesty/>
* In [[State of Palestine|Palestine]], people from Gaza and other Palestinian cities expressed their support for the protestors in Ferguson and shared tips on how to deal with tear gas and police violence, noting the weapons fired in Ferguson come from companies that supply Israel.<ref>{{Cite news |url
* [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Islamic State]] militants stated that they will use social media to encourage Islamic extremism in Ferguson.<ref name="uptown">{{cite web |url=http://uptownmagazine.com/2014/08/isis-tries-turn-ferguson-protests-recruiting-grounds/ |title=ISIS Turning Ferguson Protests Into Recruiting Grounds? |work=Uptown Magazine |date=August 20, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826114716/http://uptownmagazine.com/2014/08/isis-tries-turn-ferguson-protests-recruiting-grounds/ |archive-date=August 26, 2014 |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="WashPost.Isis" />
* On August 18, [[Secretary-General of the United Nations]] [[Ban Ki-moon]] called for U.S. authorities to ensure protection of the protesters' rights to peaceful assembly and freedom of expression. Through a spokesman, Ban called for "all to exercise restraint, for law enforcement officials to abide by U.S. and international standards in dealing with demonstrators."<ref name=Reuters.UN/>
* Protesters in Egypt expressed support for protesters in Ferguson using [[social media]], and offered advice on how to deal with tear gas.<ref name=NYTimes.Advice/>
* [[Germany]] – In an interview with ''[[Der Spiegel]]'', Marcel Kuhlmey, security expert and professor in the department of security management at the [[Berlin School of Economics and Law]], asserted that what happened in Ferguson could never happen in Germany, stating that "In the U.S., it seems to me, the police are far quicker to resort to guns. Even at the training stage, there is a much heavier emphasis on shooting [than in Germany]."<ref name=LATimes.International/> [[Die Zeit|Zeit Online]] described the incident as an example of deep-rooted racism in the U.S., concluding that "the situation of African-Americans has barely improved since [[Martin Luther King Jr.|Martin Luther King]]."<ref name=WashPost.RestOfWorld2/>
* ''[[Azteca (multimedia conglomerate)|Azteca News]]'' wrote that Obama's "words of peace and reconciliation are perceived by many activists as inadequate and almost treason to a situation they see as a direct result of slavery and racial segregation laws that were in force until 1965."<ref name=WashPost.RestOfWorld2/>
* Abigail Chandler of the newspaper ''[[Metro (British newspaper)|The Metro]]'' wrote that "[w]hile the [[2011 England riots|London riots]] were at their worst, people were calling for rubber bullets, tear gas and water cannons to be used against the rioters, Ferguson is a living example of why we should be immensely grateful that those tactics were never used during the U.K. riots."<ref name=WashPost.RestOfWorld2/>
* On November 25, 2014, journalist [[Darlena Cunha]] had a ''[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]]'' article published about the 2014 Ferguson unrest entitled "Ferguson: In Defense of Rioting." Cunha wrote that riots are "a necessary part of the evolution of society."<ref name=TM>{{cite magazine |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |title=Ferguson: In Defense of Rioting |author-link=Darlena Cunha |first=Darlena |last=Cunha |date=November 25, 2014 |url=http://time.com/3605606/ferguson-in-defense-of-rioting/#3605606/ferguson-in-defense-of-rioting/}}</ref>
* On November 26, 2014, Stand Up To Racism and the [[London Black Revolutionaries]] organized a protest outside the [[Embassy of the United States, London]] against the grand jury's decision, gathering hundreds of people throughout the night.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=November 27, 2014 |title=US embassy marchers condemn Ferguson shooting |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-30220409 |publisher=[[BBC]] |location=London |access-date=November 27, 2014
*In 2020, Vicky Osterweil wrote ''[[In Defense of Looting]]'' as an [[apologia]] for looting, as occurred in Ferguson, as a way to redistribute wealth under [[racial capitalism]]
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<ref name=ABC.Public>{{cite news |last1=Coleen |first1=Curry |title=Public Reacts With Skepticism to Ferguson Police Announcement of Officer Involved in Shooting |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/public-reacts-skepticism-ferguson-police-announcement-officer-involved/story?id=24994366 |work=ABC News |date=August 15, 2014 |access-date=August 17, 2014}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name=ABC7.Police>{{cite news |url=http://www.wjla.com/articles/2014/08/ferguson-police-shooter-s-name-revealed-106115.html |title=Ferguson, Mo. police name officer in Michael Brown shooting, say teen was killed after allegedly robbing store |publisher=WJLA |access-date=August 17, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=AlJazeera.Gas>{{cite news |author=Staff |title=Police fire tear gas, stun grenades at Ferguson protesters |url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/8/13/2nd-shooting-ferguson.html |date=August 13, 2014 |access-date=August 14, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=Amnesty.Delegation>{{cite web |title=Amnesty International Sends Human Rights Delegation to Ferguson, Missouri |url=http://www.amnestyusa.org/news/press-releases/amnesty-international-sends-human-rights-delegation-to-ferguson-missouri |publisher=Amnesty International |access-date=October 25, 2014}}</ref>
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<ref name=Amnesty.Report>{{cite web |title=On the Streets of America: Human Rights Abuses in Ferguson |url=http://www.amnestyusa.org/research/reports/on-the-streets-of-america-human-rights-abuses-in-ferguson |publisher=Amnesty International |access-date=October 25, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=AP.Curfew>{{cite news |last1=Lieb |first1=David A. |last2=Salter |first2=Jim |title=Governor declares emergency, sets Ferguson curfew |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/gov-declares-emergency-imposes-curfew-ferguson |agency=Associated Press |date=August 17, 2014 |access-date=August 17, 2014 |archive-date=August 17, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817085000/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/gov-declares-emergency-imposes-curfew-ferguson |url-status=dead
<ref name=AP.Tactics>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2014/08/14/us/ap-us-police-shooting-missouri-tactics.html |title=St. Louis Chief Questions Tactics in Ferguson |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=August 14, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=AP.Troopers2>{{cite news |title=Missouri troopers to take over Ferguson security |url=http://www.news-leader.com/story/news/local/ozarks/2014/08/14/missouri-troopers-to-take-over-ferguson-security/14071993/ |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=Springfield News-Leader |access-date=August 15, 2014 |date=
<ref name=AP.Violent>{{cite news |last1=Suhr |first1=Jim |last2=Salter |first2=Jim |url=https://news.yahoo.com/id-officer-killed-teen-xcv-195808507.html |title=Protests turn violent in St. Louis suburb |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=August 13, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=BBC.Father>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-28924099 |title=Michael Brown's father calls for peace ahead of funeral |date=
<ref name=BBC.Holder>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-28868389 |title=Michael Brown killing: Eric Holder meets teen's family |work=BBC News |date=August 20, 2014 |access-date=August 25, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=BBC.Nixon>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-28793865 |title=Michael Brown killing: Jay Nixon promises 'operational shifts' |work=BBC News |date=August 14, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=BostonCom.Suspend>{{cite web |last1=Hofherr |first1=Justine |last2=Caesar |first2=Chris |title=Cop Who Told Protesters: 'I Will F---ing Kill You' 'Suspended Indefinitely' |url=https://www.boston.com/news/nation/2014/08/20/cop-ferguson-protesters-will-ing-kill-you-yourself/2udTSNAO21AiVgIGmEaCkL/story.html |website=Boston Globe |access-date=August 20, 2014}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name=BostonGlobe.Autopsy>{{cite web |author1=Frances Robles |author2=Julie Bosman |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2014/08/17/michael-brown-was-shot-times-ferguson-officer-preliminary-autopsy-shows/izi6zze4Z2QebrpaWtG2nI/story.html |title=Michael Brown was shot 6 times by Ferguson officer, preliminary autopsy shows - Nation |work=Boston Globe |access-date=August 18, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=BuzzFeed.Cardinals>{{Cite news |last1=Vingiano |first1=Alison |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/alisonvingiano/cardinal-fans-clashswith-ferguson-protesters-and-claim-i-am#1npkkoz |title=Pro-Darren Wilson Cardinals Fans Clash With Pro-Michael Brown Ferguson Protesters In St. Louis |website=BuzzFeed |date=October 7, 2014 |access-date=October 7, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=Buzzfeed.Amnesty>{{cite web |last1=Geidner |first1=Chris |author1-link=Chris Geidner |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/chrisgeidner/amnesty-international-takes-unprecedented-us-action-in-fergu |title=Amnesty International Takes "Unprecedented" U.S. Action In Ferguson |website=Buzzfeed |date=August 14, 2014 |access-date=August 18, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=CBC.Injuries>{{Cite news |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/michael-brown-shooting-st-louis-police-shoot-knife-wielding-suspect-near-ferguson-1.2740293 |title=Michael Brown shooting: St. Louis police shoot knife-wielding suspect near Ferguson |publisher=CBC News |date=August 19, 2014 |access-date=August 19, 2014 |quote=At least two people were shot and 31 were arrested, he said. Four officers were injured by rocks or bottles. A photographer and two German reporters were arrested and later released.}}</ref>
<ref name=CBS.Clean>{{cite web |author=Staff |url=http://stlouis.cbslocal.com/2014/08/16/clean-up-underway-after-more-rioting-looting-in-ferguson/ |title=Clean-Up Underway After More Rioting, Looting In Ferguson |work=CBS News |date=August 16, 2014 |access-date=August 22, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821022555/http://stlouis.cbslocal.com/2014/08/16/clean-up-underway-after-more-rioting-looting-in-ferguson/ |archive-date=August 21, 2014 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all
<ref name=CBS.EOC>{{cite news |author=Staff |url=http://stlouis.cbslocal.com/2014/10/09/county-eoc-will-activate-today-in-anticipation-of-demonstrations |title=County EOC will Activate Today in Anticipation of Demonstrations |work=CBS News |date=October 9, 2014 |access-date=October 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011154937/http://stlouis.cbslocal.com/2014/10/09/county-eoc-will-activate-today-in-anticipation-of-demonstrations/ |archive-date=October 11, 2014 |url-status=dead
<ref name=CBS.400k>{{cite news |author=Staff |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/ferguson-shooting-nearly-400k-raised-online-for-officer-darren-wilson-who-fatally-shot-michael-brown/ |title=Nearly $400,000 raised online for Ferguson cop who fatally shot teen |work=CBS News |date=August 25, 2014 |access-date=August 25, 2014}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name=CBS.Suspect>{{cite news |author=Staff |agency=Associated Press |date=August 15, 2014 |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/darren-wilson-ferguson-police-officer-who-fatally-shot-michael-brown-identified/ |title=Darren Wilson: Ferguson police officer who fatally shot Michael Brown identified |publisher=CBS News |date=June 20, 2013 |access-date=August 15, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=CBS.Voter>{{cite news |author=Staff |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/ferguson-voter-registrations-lower-than-reported |title=No voter registration boom in Ferguson, officials now say |work=CBS News |date=October 7, 2014 |access-date=October 9, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=ChiTribune.Protest>{{cite news |author=Staff |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |location=Chicago, IL |title=Protests near St. Louis continue for slain teen after riot, arrests |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-missouri-police-shooting-20140811-story.html |date=August 11, 2014 |access-date=August 11, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825195539/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-missouri-police-shooting-20140811-story.html |archive-date=August 25, 2014 |url-status=dead
<!-- <ref name=ChristianPost.Killed>{{cite web |url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/michael-brown-killed-by-cop-after-physical-confrontation-says-police-chief-witnesses-claim-unarmed-teen-had-hands-up-when-shot-several-times-124599/ |title=Michael Brown Killed by Cop After Physical Confrontation, Says Police Chief; Witnesses Claim Unarmed Teen Had Hands Up When Shot Several Times |work=The Christian Post |date=August 10, 2014 |access-date=August 18, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=Cleveland.WilsonRally>{{cite web |first=Cliff |last=Pinckard |url=http://www.cleveland.com/nation/index.ssf/2014/08/rally_held_in_support_of_fergu.html |title=Rally held in support of Ferguson police officer who shot Michael Brown |website=The Plain Dealer |date=August 17, 2014 |access-date=August 18, 2014}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name=CNN.College>{{cite news |title=Missouri teen shot by police was two days away from starting college |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/11/justice/michael-brown-missouri-teen-shot/ |publisher=CNN |access-date=August 17, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=CNN.Curfew>{{cite news |last1=Ellis |first1=Ralph |last2=Hanna |first2=Jason |last3=Prokupecz |first3=Shimon |title=Missouri governor imposes curfew in Ferguson, declares emergency |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/16/us/missouri-teen-shooting/ |publisher=CNN |date=August 16, 2014 |access-date=August 16, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=CNN.Decline>{{cite news |last1=Shoichet |first1=Catherine E. |last2=Brumfield |first2=Ben |last3=Smith |first3=Tristan |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/13/us/missouri-teen-shooting/index.html |title=Police decline to ID officer in Michael Brown shooting |publisher=CNN |date=August 13, 2014 |access-date=August 13, 2014}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name=CNN.Disciplinary>{{citation |last1=Sanchez |first1=Ray |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/15/justice/ferguson-missouri-cop-profile |title=Police: Darren Wilson had faced no disciplinary action prior to shooting |date=August 15, 2014 |publisher=CNN |access-date=August 15, 2014}}</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name=CNN.Friend>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/us/2014/08/12/sot-dorian-johnson-michael-brown-shooting.kmov.html |title=Michael Brown's Friend [Dorian Johnson] Describes Shooting |last=Johnson |first=Dorian |date=September 8, 2014 |access-date=August 13, 2014 |publisher=CNN |type=Video interview}}</ref> -->
<ref name=CNN.Lawsuit>{{cite news |last1=Shoichet |first1=Catherine E. |last2=Stapleton |first2=AnneClaire |title=$40 million lawsuit slams Ferguson police actions during recent protests |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/28/justice/ferguson-police-lawsuit/index.html |publisher=CNN |date=August 29, 2014 |access-date=August 31, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140829053213/http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/28/justice/ferguson-police-lawsuit/index.html |archive-date=August 29, 2014 |url-status=live |df=mdy
<!-- <ref name=CNN.Protests>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/10/justice/missouri-police-involved-shooting/ |title=Fatal police shooting in Missouri sparks protests |last=McLaughlin |first=Eliott C. |date=August 11, 2014 |publisher=CNN |access-date=August 11, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=CNN.Protesters>{{cite news |last1=Fantz |first1=Ashley |first2=George |last2=Howell |first3=Catherine E. |last3=Shoichet
<!-- <ref name=CNN.Shooting>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/11/us/missouri-ferguson-michael-brown-what-we-know/index.html |first=Eliott C. |last=McLaughlin |title=What we know about the shooting of Michael Brown |publisher=CNN |date=August 13, 2014}}</ref> -->
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<!-- <ref name=CNN.Threats>{{cite news |last=Shoichet |first=Catherine E. |last2=Smith |first2=Tristan |title=Citing death threats, police won't identify officer in Michael Brown shooting |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/13/us/missouri-teen-shooting/index.html |publisher=CNN |date=August 13, 2014 |access-date=August 13, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=CNN.Troopers>{{cite news |first1=Michael |last1=Pearson |first2=Ana |last2=Cabrera |first3=Catherine E. |last3=Shoichet |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/14/us/missouri-teen-shooting/index.html |title=Missouri state troopers take over security in Ferguson
<!-- <ref name=CNN.Video>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/video/?/video/us/2014/08/18/newday-intv-ferguson-shooting-crenshaw.cnn |title=CNN Video - Breaking News Videos from |publisher=CNN |date=August 14, 2014 |access-date=August 18, 2014}}</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name=CNN.Violence>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/us/2014/08/12/ac-michael-brown-killed-thomas-jackson-intv.cnn.html |title=Violence Flares Again in Ferguson |date=August 11, 2014 |access-date=August 12, 2014 |website=Violence Flares Again in Ferguson |publisher=CNN |last=Blitzer |first=Wolf}}</ref> -->
<!--ref name=DemocracyNow.Armed>{{cite news |url=http://www.democracynow.org/2014/8/14/armed_w_military_grade_weapons_missouri |title=Armed w/ Military-Grade Weapons, Missouri Police Crack Down on Protests over Michael Brown Shooting |website=Democracy Now! |date=August 14, 2014 |access-date=August 15, 2014}}</ref-->
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<ref name=Economist.Police>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21612199-police-kill-unarmed-teenager-sparking-riots-st-louis-blues |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203031333/https://www.economist.com/united-states/2014/08/14/st-louis-blues |archive-date=3 December 2019 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |title=The Michael Brown shooting: St Louis blues: Police kill an unarmed teenager, sparking riots |magazine=[[The Economist]] |date=August 14, 2014 |access-date=August 15, 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
<ref name=FAA.NOTAM>{{cite web |title=NOTAM number FDC 4/2599 |date=August 12, 2014 |access-date=August 14, 2014 |website=Federal Aviation Administration |url=http://tfr.faa.gov/save_pages/detail_4_2599.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812201027/http://tfr.faa.gov/save_pages/detail_4_2599.html |archive-date=August 12, 2014 |url-status=dead |df=mdy
<!-- <ref name=Fox.Curfew>{{cite news |title=Gov. Nixon declares state of emergency, imposes curfew in Ferguson |url=http://www.foxnews.com/us/2014/08/16/gov-nixon-declares-emergency-imposes-curfew-in-ferguson/ |publisher=Fox News Channel |access-date=August 17, 2014}}</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name=Fox.Video>{{cite web |title=YouTube video captures purported witness backing police version in Ferguson shooting |url=http://www.foxnews.com/us/2014/08/18/youtube-video-captures-purported-witness-backing-police-version-in-ferguson/ |publisher=Fox News Channel |date=August 18, 2014 |access-date=August 18, 2014}}</ref> -->
<!--ref name=FoxNews2.FamilyFight>{{cite web |first=Chris |last=Hayes |title=Police investigating assault and theft following argument between Brown family relatives |date=October 22, 2014 |access-date=October 24, 2014 |publisher=KTVI |location=St. Louis, Missouri |url=http://fox2now.com/2014/10/22/police-investigating-assault-and-theft-following-argument-between-brown-family-relatives/}}</ref-->
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<ref name=FoxNews2.WECANResponse>{{cite web |title=Parents and Community Activists address racist slur found written in girl's bathroom |last1=Khan |first1=Ayesha |website=Fox2now.com |url=https://fox2now.com/2017/11/15/parents-and-community-activists-address-racist-slur-found-written-in-girls-bathroom/ |date=November 15, 2017 |access-date=August 14, 2021}}</ref>
<ref name=FTimes.Clash>{{Cite news |last
<ref name=FWorthStar.Vandalism>{{cite news |last=Zagier |first=Alan Scher |url=http://www.star-telegram.com/2014/08/11/6033344/vandalism-looting-after-vigil.html |title=Police, protesters again clash outside St. Louis |work=Fort Worth Star-Telegram |date=August 28, 2010 |access-date=August 12, 2014}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name=Guardian.Points>{{cite news |title=Missouri governor points finger at Ferguson police chief for new violence |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/17/missouri-governor-points-finger-ferguson-police-chief-renewed-violence |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=August 17, 2014}}</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name=GlobalDisp.Witnesses>{{cite web |url=http://www.theglobaldispatch.com/witnesses-tiffany-mitchell-piaget-crenshaw-detail-michael-brown-shooting-journalists-detained-56416/ |title=Witnesses Tiffany Mitchell, Piaget Crenshaw detail Michael Brown shooting, journalists detained |publisher=The Global Dispatch |date=August 14, 2014 |access-date=August 18, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=HuffPost.Albers2>{{cite web |last1=Murdock |first1=Sebastian |last2=Jaurequi |first2=Andres |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/20/ferguson-cop-i-will-kill-you_n_5695748.html |title=Cop Ray Albers In Ferguson To Protestors: 'I Will F**king Kill You' (video) |website=The Huffington Post |date=August 18, 2014 |access-date=August 22, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=HuffPost.Albers>{{cite web |
<ref name=HuffPost.Amnesty>{{cite news |last1=Reilly |first1=Mollie |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/17/amnesty-international-ferguson-police_n_5685952.html |title=Amnesty International Calls For Investigation Of Ferguson Police Tactics |website=The Huffington Post |date=August 17, 2014 |access-date=August 18, 2014}}</ref>
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<ref name=HuffPost.Animals>{{cite news |last1=Terkel |first1=Amanda |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/12/michael-brown-protests_n_5672163.html |title=Police Officer Caught On Video Calling Michael Brown Protesters 'F***ing Animals' |website=The Huffington Post |date=August 7, 2014 |access-date=August 14, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=HuffPost.Answers>{{cite news |last1=Suhr |first1=Jim |last2=Salter |first2=Jim |title=Ferguson Seeks Answers After Police Shooting Of Michael Brown |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/13/ferguson-michael-brown_n_5674032.html |work=The Huffington Post |date=August 13, 2014 |access-date=August 13, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=HuffPost.Coalition>{{cite news |last1=Mirkinson |first1=Jack |title=News Coalition Condemns Police Treatment Of Journalists In Ferguson |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/15/police-journalists-ferguson-protest_n_5683125.html |website=The Huffington Post |date=August 15, 2014 |access-date=August 15, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=HuffPo.Embarrassment>{{cite web |last1=Terkel |first1=Amanda |title=Obama Acknowledges Ferguson Was An International Embarrassment |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/24/obama-ferguson_n_5875198.html |website=The Huffington Post |date=September 24, 2014 |access-date=September 24, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=HuffPost.Equal>{{cite news |last1=Har |first1=Andrew |title=Missouri State Senator On Michael Brown Killing: Theft Does Not Equal Death |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/16/missouri-state-senator-michael-brown-death_n_5684883.html |website=The Huffington Post |date=August 16, 2014 |access-date=August 17, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=HuffPost.Getty>{{cite web |last1=Reilly |first1=Mollie |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/18/getty-photographer-arrested_n_5689614.html |title=Getty Photographer Scott Olson Arrested At Ferguson Protest (UPDATED) |website=The Huffington Post |date=August 18, 2014 |access-date=August 22, 2014}}</ref>
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<!-- <ref name=HuffPost.Outraged>{{cite news |title='Beyond Outraged' Family Of Michael Brown & Their Attorneys Release Statement |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/15/michael-brown-family-statement_n_5682546.html |work=The Huffington Post |access-date=August 15, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=HuffPost.PageRetires>{{cite web |last1=Hart |first1=Andrew |
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<!-- <ref name=HuffPost.Remorse>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/13/tiffany-mitchell-michael-brown_n_5677003.html |title=Tiffany Mitchell On Witnessing Michael Brown Shooting: Police 'Showed No Kind Of Remorse' |website=The Huffington Post |date=August 13, 2014 |access-date=August 18, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=HuffPost.Senator>{{cite news |last1=Reilly |first1=Ryan J. |last2=Conetta |first2=Christine |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/13/state-senator-ferguson_n_5676766.html |title=State Senator To Ferguson Police: 'Will I Get Tear-Gassed Again?' |work=[[The Huffington Post]] |access-date=August 14, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=HuffPost.SWAT>{{cite news |last1=Horowitz |first1=Alana |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/13/ferguson-protest-swat-team_n_5676690.html |title=Ferguson, Missouri Protest Of Michael Brown Death Swarmed By SWAT Team |website=The Huffington Post |date=August 7, 2014 |access-date=August 14, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=HuffPost.Tactics>{{cite news |last1=Fang |first1=Marina |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/14/ferguson-military-tactics_n_5679532.html |title=St. Louis Police Chief Condemns Military Tactics Being Used In Ferguson |website=The Huffington Post |date=August 14, 2014 |access-date=August 15, 2014}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name=IBTimes.Facts>{{cite news |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/who-was-mike-brown-5-facts-know-about-teen-fatally-shot-missouri-officer-1658040 |title=Who Was Mike Brown: 5 Facts To Know About The Teen Fatally Shot By A Missouri Officer |date=August 13, 2014 |access-date=August 17, 2014 |last=Green |first=Treye |newspaper=International Business Times}}</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name=IBTimes.Johnson>{{Cite news |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/dorian-johnson-mike-brown-shooting-witness-meeting-fbi-county-prosecutor-1657892 |title=Dorian Johnson, Mike Brown Shooting Witness, Meeting With FBI And County Prosecutor |last=Green |first=Treye |date=August 13, 2014 |work=International Business Times |access-date=August 13, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=IBTimes.Myers>{{cite news |last1=lynch |first1=Dennis |title=Vonderrit Myers Had Gunshot Residue On Hands And Clothing, According To Police Report |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/vonderrit-myers-had-gunshot-residue-hands-clothing-according-police-report-1704943 |website=International Business Times |date=October 13, 2014 |access-date=October 27, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=KCS.Mourners>{{cite news |last1=Suhr |first1=Jim |title=Mourners urge black Americans to take action |url=http://www.kansascity.com/news/state/missouri/article1290626.html#storylink=cpy |website=The Kansas City Star |access-date=August 26, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826114854/http://www.kansascity.com/news/state/missouri/article1290626.html#storylink=cpy |archive-date=August 26, 2014 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name=KMOV.Video>{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Robin |title=Another witness to Brown shooting comes forward; video shows graphic scene |url=http://www.kmov.com/special-coverage-001/Another-witness-to-Michael-Brown-Jr-shooting-speaks-to-News-4-271139501.html |publisher=[[KMOV]] |access-date=August 14, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=KSDK.Arrests>{{cite news |last=Piper |first=Brandie |publisher=KSDK |location=St. Louis, Missouri |url=http://www.ksdk.com/story/news/local/2014/08/11/ferguson-riots-arrests-injuries/13886175/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811142947/http://www.ksdk.com/story/news/local/2014/08/11/ferguson-riots-arrests-injuries/13886175/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 11, 2014 |title=2 officers injured, 32 arrested during riots |date=August 11, 2014 |access-date=August 11, 2014 |df=mdy-all
<ref name=KSKD.Cameras>{{cite web |last1=Bissell |first1=Grant |url=http://www.ksdk.com/story/news/local/2014/09/21/we-copwatch-train-ferguson-residents-on-body-cameras/16029925/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140923021842/http://www.ksdk.com/story/news/local/2014/09/21/we-copwatch-train-ferguson-residents-on-body-cameras/16029925/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 23, 2014 |title=We Copwatch train Ferguson residents on body cameras |
<ref name=KSDK.French>{{cite news |last1=Williams |first1=Aja J. |url=http://www.ksdk.com/story/news/local/2014/08/14/st-louis-alderman-antonio-french-arrested/14043007/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816204201/http://www.ksdk.com/story/news/local/2014/08/14/st-louis-alderman-antonio-french-arrested/14043007/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 16, 2014 |title=St. Louis alderman released following arrest |date=August 14, 2014 |publisher=KSDK |location=St. Louis, Missouri}}</ref>
<ref name=KSDK.Gas>{{cite news |last1=Nolen |first1=Casey |publisher=KSDK |location=St. Louis, Missouri |date=August 14, 2014 |url=http://www.ksdk.com/story/news/local/2014/08/14/crews-hit-with-bean-bags-tear-gas/14042747/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814144913/http://www.ksdk.com/story/news/local/2014/08/14/crews-hit-with-bean-bags-tear-gas/14042747/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 14, 2014 |title=TV crews hit by bean bags, tear gas |access-date=August 15, 2014 |df=mdy-all
<!--ref name=KSDK.Spreading>{{cite news |last1=Williams |first1=Aja J. |url=http://www.ksdk.com/story/news/local/2014/08/25/ferguson-no-arrests-sunday-peace-spreading/14552815/ |title=Johnson: 'Peace is being restored in Ferguson' |publisher=KSDK |location=St. Louis, Missouri |date=August 25, 2014 |access-date=August 27, 2014}}</ref-->
<!-- <ref name=KSDK.StrongArm>{{cite news |url=http://www.ksdk.com/story/news/local/2014/08/15/strong-arm-robbery-definition-st-louis-county/14122545/ |title=What is strong-arm robbery? |last=Williams |first=Aja J. |date=August 15, 2014 |access-date=August 17, 2014 |publisher=KDSK}}</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name=KSDK.Tensions>{{cite news |title=Tensions flare again in Ferguson |url=http://www.ksdk.com/story/news/local/2014/08/16/tensions-flare-again-in-ferguson/14154811/ |publisher=KSDK |access-date=August 17, 2014}}</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name=KVOR.Moments>{{cite news |title=Ferguson Police Detail Moments Before Michael Brown Was Shot |url=http://www.kvor.com/common/more.php?m=58&ts=1408128601&article=C5DC142224A811E4B51EFEFDADE6840A&mode=2 |publisher=KVOR 640 AM |access-date=August 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819103102/http://www.kvor.com/common/more.php?m=58&ts=1408128601&article=C5DC142224A811E4B51EFEFDADE6840A&mode=2 |archive-date=August 19, 2014 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref> -->
<ref name=KY3.Next>{{cite news |url=http://www.ky3.com/news/nation/whats-next-in-case-of-michael-brown-killing/21049024_27581972 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911140234/http://www.ky3.com/news/nation/whats-next-in-case-of-michael-brown-killing/21049024_27581972 |archive-date=September 11, 2014 |title=What's next in case of Michael Brown killing? |last1=Martinez |first1=Michael |last2=Pearson |first2=Michael |date=August 18, 2014 |publisher=ky3.com |access-date=August 18, 2014}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name=LATimes.Autopsy>{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-ferguson-michael-brown-20140817-story.html |title=Autopsy shows Michael Brown was shot six times, and twice in the head |date=August 17, 2014 |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=September 19, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=LATimes.Curfew>{{cite news |last1=Pearce |first1=Matt |last2=Hennessy-Fiske |first2=Molly |last3=Susman |first3=Tina |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-ferguson-protests-020140816-story.html |title=Some warn that Gov. Jay Nixon's curfew for Ferguson, Mo., may backfire |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=August 16, 2014 |access-date=August 18, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=LATimes.Economy>{{cite news |last1=Logan |first1=Tim |last2=Hennessy-Fiske |first2=Molly |title=Ferguson's mounting racial and economic stress set stage for turmoil |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-ferguson-economy-20140817-story.html
<ref name=LATimes.International>{{cite news |last1=Makinen |first1=Julie |title=Michael Brown shooting in Ferguson becomes an international incident |url=https://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-ferguson-michael-brown-shooting-world-reaction-20140818-story.html#page=1 |website=Los Angeles Times |date=August 18, 2014 |access-date=August 18, 2014}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name=LATimes.Matters>{{cite news |last1=Queally |first1=James |title=Robbery matters little in shooting death of Michael Brown, experts say |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-ferguson-police-experts-20140815-story.html |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |access-date=August 15, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=LATimes.October>{{cite news |last=Pearce |first=Matt |title='Ferguson October' rally highlights divide among St. Louis activists |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-ferguson-october-debate-20141012-story.html |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=October 12, 2014 |access-date=October 12, 2014}}</ref>
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<!-- <ref name=LATimes.Residents>{{cite news |last1=Pearce |first1=Matt |title=Angry residents confront Gov. Jay Nixon, who orders curfew in Ferguson |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-ferguson-protests-020140816-story.html |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |access-date=August 17, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=LATimes.Unrest>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-michael-brown-ferguson-missouri-shooting-20140811-story.html |title=Unrest in Ferguson, Mo., after police kill man: What you need to know |work=Los Angeles Times |date=August 13, 2014 |first=Lauren |last=Raab |access-date=August 13, 2014}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name=LATimes.Veteran>{{cite news |title=Officer who shot Michael Brown is 6-year veteran; no disciplinary record |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-fergsuon-shooting-police-name-20140815-story.html |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |access-date=August 15, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=MoJo.Anonymous>{{cite news |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2014/08/anonymous-ferguson-police-killing-unarmed-michael-brown |title=Anonymous' "Op Ferguson" Says It Will ID the Officer Who Killed Michael Brown |work=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]] |date=August 13, 2014 |access-date=August 13, 2014 |last=Harkinson |first=Josh}}</ref>
<ref name=MoJo.Tactics>{{cite web |last1=Follman |first1=Mark |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2014/08/ferguson-st-louis-police-tactics-dogs-michael-brown |title=Michael Brown's Mom Laid Flowers Where He Was Shot—and Police Crushed Them |work=Mother Jones |access-date=September 19, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=MSNBC.Burn>{{cite news |last1=Haoues |first1=Kylie |last2=Chuck |first2=Elizabeth |title=Ferguson Tensions Flare After Michael Brown Memorial Burns |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/michael-brown-memorial-ferguson-destroyed-fire-n209606 |work=NBC News |date=September 23, 2014 |access-date=September 30, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=MSNBC.Chief>{{cite news |last1=Bruton |first1=F. Brinley |last2=Duchon |first2=Richie |title=Ferguson, Missouri's Police Chief Joins Michael Brown Protesters |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/ferguson-missouris-police-chief-joins-michael-brown-protesters-n212076 |work=NBC News |date=September 29, 2014 |access-date=September 30, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=MSNBC.Matters>{{cite news |last1=Lee |first1=Trymaine |title=Why Vonderrit Myers matters |url=https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/why-vonderrit-myers-matters |work=NBC News |date=October 18, 2014 |access-date=October 27, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=MSNBC.Meetings>{{cite news |last1=Lee |first1=Trymaine |title=To keep peace in Ferguson, DOJ bars media from town hall meetings |url=https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/keep-peace-ferguson-doj-bars-media-town-hall-meetings |work=NBC News |date=September 22, 2014 |access-date=October 3, 2014}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name=MSNBC.Recounts>{{cite news |author=Trymaine Lee |url=https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/eyewitness-michael-brown-fatal-shooting-missouri |title=Eyewitness to Michael Brown shooting recounts his friend's death |publisher=MSNBC |date=August 12, 2014 |access-date=August 12, 2014}}</ref> -->
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<!-- <ref name=MSNBC.Stopped>{{cite news |first1=Trymaine |last1=Lee |first2=Michele |last2=Richinick |title=Police: Michael Brown stopped because he blocked traffic |date=August 15, 2014 |url=https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/ferguson-police-name-michael-brown |publisher=MSNBC |access-date=August 15, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=MNSBC.Warrants>{{cite news |url=https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/st-louis-cuts-222000-warrants |title=Spurred by fallout in Ferguson, St. Louis cuts 222,000 warrants |last=Lee |first=Trymaine |date=October 1, 2014 |publisher=MSNBC |access-date=October 2, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=NationalLawJournal.Justice>{{cite web |last1=Coyle |first1=Marcia |title=Justice Ginsburg Skeptical of Two-Year Law School Idea |url=http://www.nationallawjournal.com/id=1202667692557/Justice-Ginsburg-Skeptical-of-TwoYear-Law-School-Idea |website=The National Law Journal |access-date=August 22, 2014}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name=NBC.Autopsy>{{cite news |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/michael-brown-autopsy-missouri-teen-died-gun-shots-n179151 |title=Michael Brown Autopsy: Missouri Teen Died of Gun Shots |date=August 12, 2014 |access-date=August 17, 2014 |publisher=NBC News}}</ref> -->
<ref name=NBCNews.Averting>{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Rick Brown |last2=Johnson |first2=M. Alex |last3=Angelucci |first3=Bill |last4=Murray |first4=Mary |title=Michael Brown Protest: Crowd Surges Toward Police in Ferguson |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/michael-brown-protest-crowd-surges-toward-police-ferguson-n183611 |work=NBC News |access-date=August 19, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=NBCNews.Cameras>{{cite web |last1=Schuppe |first1=Jon |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/ferguson-cops-get-body-cameras-after-michael-brown-shooting-n193196 |
<ref name=NBC.Clashes>{{cite news |last1=Vinograd |first1=Cassandra |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/ferguson-one-person-shot-seven-arrested-overnight-violence-n182481 |title=Ferguson Protests: One Person Shot, Seven Arrested in Overnight Clashes |work=NBC News |date=August 14, 2014 |access-date=August 18, 2014}}</ref>
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<ref name=NBC.Militarization>{{cite news |author=Staff |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/video/nbc-news/55867114#55866941 |title=McCaskill: Police 'Militarization' Escalated Unrest In Ferguson – Video on |work=NBC News |date=August 14, 2014 |access-date=August 15, 2014}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name=NBC.Wilson>{{cite news |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/ferguson-chief-names-darren-wilson-cop-who-shot-michael-brown-n181326 |title=Ferguson Chief Names Darren Wilson as Cop Who Shot Michael Brown |publisher=NBC News |date=August 15, 2014 |access-date=August 15, 2014}}</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name=Newsday.Criticism>{{cite news |agency=[[Associated Press]] |newspaper=[[Newsday]] |title=Killing of black Missouri man, Michael Brown, draws criticism |url=http://www.newsday.com/news/nation/michael-brown-s-fatal-shooting-by-police-sparks-outcry-1.9018258 |date=August 10, 2014 |access-date=August 11, 2014}}</ref> -->
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<!-- <ref name=NPR.Guard>{{cite web |last=Chappell |first=Bill |url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/08/18/341313667/ferguson-update-national-guard-deployed-school-postponed |title=Ferguson Update: National Guard Deployed, School Postponed : The Two-Way |publisher=NPR |date=August 18, 2014 |access-date=August 22, 2014}}</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name=NPR.Name>{{cite news |last=Chappell |first=Bill |url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/08/15/340594634/ferguson-police-release-name-of-officer-who-shot-michael-brown |title=Ferguson Police Release Name Of Officer Who Shot Michael Brown |publisher=NPR |date=August 15, 2014 |access-date=August 15, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=NYDailyNews.FBI>{{cite news |first1=Michael |last1=Walsh |first2=Corky |last2=Siemaszko |date=August 11, 2014 |title=FBI takes over St. Louis teen shooting probe as Justice Department monitors case |work=Daily News |location=New York |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/mike-brown-family-condemns-looting-violence-candlelight-vigil-article-1.1899157}}</ref>
<!--ref name=NYDailyNews.Marches>{{cite news |last1=Goldstein |first1=Sasha |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/capt-ron-johnson-marches-protesters-ferguson-article-1.1904210 |title=Capt. Ron Johnson marches with protesters in Ferguson as law enforcement scales back on day 5 of turmoil after Michael Brown shooting |newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |date=August 14, 2014 |access-date=August 15, 2014}}</ref-->
<ref name=NYDailyNews.Stage>{{cite news |last1=Burke |first1=Kerry |last2=Marcius |first2=Chelsia Rose |last3=Hutchinson |first3=Bill
<ref name=NYDailyNews.Officers>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/missouri-officers-job-ferguson-threats-article-1.1921712 |title=Three Missouri police officers out of jobs in wake of Ferguson protests |newspaper=Daily News |location=New York |date=August 29, 2014 |access-date=August 30, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=NYDailyNews.Pappert>{{cite web |last1=Hastings |first1=Deborah |title=Another St. Louis area cop exposed, suspended for making racist rants |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/st-louis-suspened-racist-rants-article-1.1914569 |website=Daily News |location=New York |date=August 23, 2014 |access-date=August 26, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=NYDailyNews.Threat>{{cite web |last1=Goldstein |first1=Sasha |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/st-louis-area-suspended-threatening-kill-media-ferguson-article-1.1911046 |title=Suburban St. Louis cop suspended for threatening to kill, pointing gun at media in Ferguson, Mo. |work=Daily News |location=New York |date=August 20, 2014 |access-date=September 19, 2014}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name=NYMag.Details>{{cite news |url=https://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/08/darren-wilson-shot-and-killed-michael-brown.html |title=Ferguson Police Officer Darren Wilson Shot and Killed Michael Brown After Alleged Robbery |date=August 15, 2014 |newspaper=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |author=Joe Coscarelli}}</ref> -->
<ref name=NYMag.Guard>{{cite web |last1=Hartmann |first1=Margaret |title=National GuardDeployed After Chaotic, Violent Night in Ferguson |url=https://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/08/national-guard-called-after-more-ferguson-chaos.html |website=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |date=August 18, 2014 |access-date=August 18, 2014}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name=NYMag.Worse>{{cite news |title=New Details in Ferguson Killing Make the Police Look Even Worse |url=https://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/08/darren-wilson-shot-and-killed-michael-brown.html |work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |access-date=August 15, 2014}}</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name=NYTimes.Adult>{{cite news |author1=Julie Bosman |author2=John Schwartz |author3=Serge F. Kovaleskiaug |title=A Youth, an Officer and 2 Paths to a Fatal Encounter |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/16/us/ferguson-mo-michael-brown-and-darren-wilson-2-paths-to-a-fatal-encounter.html |website=The New York Times |date=August 15, 2014 |access-date=August 18, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=NYTimes.Advice>{{cite news |last1=Mackey |first1=Robert |title=Advice for Ferguson's Protesters From the Middle East |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/15/world/middleeast/advice-for-fergusons-protesters-from-the-middle-east.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 15, 2014 |access-date=August 16, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=NYTimes.Autopsy>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/18/us/michael-brown-autopsy-shows-he-was-shot-at-least-6-times.html?smid=tw-share |title=Autopsy Shows Michael Brown Was Struck at Least 6 Times |newspaper=The New York Times |first1=Frances |last1=Robles |first2=Julie |last2=Bosman |date=August 17, 2014 |access-date=August 17, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=NYTimes.Chronicled>{{Cite news |url
<!-- <ref name=NYTimes.Emotions>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/16/us/darren-wilson-identified-as-officer-in-fatal-shooting-in-ferguson-missouri.html |title=Emotions Flare in Missouri Amid Police Statements |last1=Vega |first1=Tanzina |last2=Williams |first2=Timothy |last3=Eckholm |first3=Eric |work=The New York Times |date=August 15, 2014 |access-date
<ref name=NYTimes.GrandJury>{{cite news |last=Eckholm |first=Erik |title=Witnesses Told Grand Jury That Michale Brown Charged At Darren Wilson, Prosecutor Says |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/25/us/witnesses-told-grand-jury-that-michael-brown-charged-at-darren-wilson-prosecutor-says.html |work=The New York Times |date=November 24, 2014 |
<ref name=NYTimes.Obama>{{cite news |last1=Bosman |first1=Julie |first2=Michael D. |last2=Shear |first3=Timothy |last3=Williams |title=Obama Calls for Open Inquiry Into Police Shooting of Teenager in Ferguson, Mo |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/15/us/ferguson-missouri-police-shooting.html |work=The New York Times |date=August 14, 2014 |access-date=August 14, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=NYTimes.October>{{cite news |last1=Davey |first1=Monica |first2=Alan
<ref name=NYTimes.Tapes>{{cite news |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/03/us/police-targeted-media-with-no-fly-zone-over-ferguson-tapes-show.html |title=Police Targeted Media With No-Fly Zone Over Ferguson, Tapes Show |work=The New York Times |date=November 2, 2014 |access-date=November 2, 2014}}</ref>
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<ref name=NYTimes.Updates>{{cite news |last1=Preston |first1=Jennifer |url=http://news.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/08/14/live-updates-on-police-shooting-in-ferguson-mo/ |title=Live Updates on Protests Over Police Shooting in Ferguson, Mo |work=The New York Times |date=August 14, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=PewResearch.Stark>{{cite web |title=Stark Racial Divisions in Reactions to Ferguson Police Shooting |url=http://www.people-press.org/2014/08/18/stark-racial-divisions-in-reactions-to-ferguson-police-shooting/ |website=Pew Research Center |date=August 18, 2014 |access-date=August 19, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=Politico.Arrests>{{cite news |last1=Byers |first1=Dylan |last2=Gold |first2=Hadas |title=Reporters arrested in Ferguson |url=http://www.politico.com/blogs/media/2014/08/reporters-arrested-in-ferguson-193914.html |access-date=August 14, 2014 |work=Politico |date=August 13, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=PressDemocrat.Fatal>{{Cite news |url
<!-- <ref name=RadioNZ.Investigator>{{cite web |url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/world/252432/top-investigator-heads-to-ferguson |title=Top investigator heads to Ferguson |date=August 18, 2014 |work=Radio New Zealand |access-date=September 19, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=RCFP.Detention>{{cite web |title=Police detention of journalists in Ferguson, Missouri, and public access to information |url=http://www.rcfp.org/sites/default/files/2014-08-15-Ferguson-media-coalition-letter.pdf |website=Reporters Committee for Freedom of Press}}</ref>
<ref name=Reuters.Calm>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-missouri-shooting-idUSKBN0GF0LP20140824 |title=Calm holds in streets of Ferguson, Missouri two weeks after police shooting |work=Reuters |date=August 24, 2014 |access-date=August 24, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=Reuters.Amnesty>{{cite web |last1=Wulfhorst |first1=Ellen |title=National Guard called to Missouri town roiled by police shooting of teen |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-missouri-shooting-idUSKBN0GF0LP20140818 |work=Reuters |date=August 18, 2014 |access-date=August 18, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=Reuters.ObamaReview>{{cite web |last1=Holland |first1=Steve |last2=Shalal |first2=Andrea |title=Obama orders review of U.S. police use of military hardware |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-missouri-shooting-militarization-idUSKBN0GN0O920140823 |work=Reuters |date=August 23, 2014 |access-date=August 23, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=Reuters.UN>{{cite news |last1=Carey |first1=Nick |last2=McAllister |first2=Edward |title=U.N. chief calls for protection of rights in Missouri protests |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-missouri-shooting-un-idUSKBN0GI1MF20140818 |access-date=August 18, 2014 |work=Reuters |date=August 18, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=RFTimes.Voter>{{cite news |last1=Lussenhop |first1=Jessica |url=http://blogs.riverfronttimes.com/dailyrft/2014/10/figures_showing_huge_jump_in_ferguson_voter_registration_are_very_inaccurate.php |title=Figures Showing Huge Jump in Ferguson Voter Registration are Very Inaccurate |work=Riverfront Times |location=St Louis |date=October 7, 2014 |access-date=October 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008182121/http://blogs.riverfronttimes.com/dailyrft/2014/10/figures_showing_huge_jump_in_ferguson_voter_registration_are_very_inaccurate.php |archive-date=October 8, 2014 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all
<!-- <ref name=RiverfrontTimes.Why>{{cite news |url=http://blogs.riverfronttimes.com/dailyrft/2014/08/michael_brown_witness_dorian_johnson_why_police_have_not_interviewed_him.php |first=Jessica |last=Lussenhop |title=Why Police Haven't Interviewed Michael Brown Shooting Witness Dorian Johnson |work=Riverfront Times |location=St Louis |date=October 12, 2014 |access-date=August 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814224859/http://blogs.riverfronttimes.com/dailyrft/2014/08/michael_brown_witness_dorian_johnson_why_police_have_not_interviewed_him.php |archive-date=August 14, 2014 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all
<!-- <ref name=SeattleTimes.Hands>{{cite web |title='Don't know' if Missouri teen shot with hands up |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2024335008_apxpoliceshootingmissouri.html |work=The Seattle Times |access-date=August 18, 2014}}</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name=SILive.Suspect>{{cite web |url=http://www.silive.com/news/index.ssf/2014/08/police_officer_who_shot_michae.html |title=Police officer who shot Michael Brown in Ferguson didn't know he was robbery suspect, chief says |publisher=SILive.com |date=August 14, 2014 |access-date=August 18, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=Slate.Gas>{{Cite news |url
<ref name=STLA.Myers>{{cite news |last1=Rivas |first1=Rebecca |url=http://www.stlamerican.com/news/local_news/article_8af4e1ba-54c7-11e4-9c98-9783f2d4a16b.html |title=VonDerrit Myers Jr.'s family responds to police version of fatal shooting |newspaper=[[The St. Louis American]] |date=October 16, 2014 |access-date=October 26, 2014}}</ref>
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<!-- <ref name=Slate.Unarmed>{{cite news |url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2014/08/10/michael_brown_unarmed_black_teenager_shot_in_ferguson_a_st_louis_suburb.html |title=Michael Brown: Unarmed black teenager shot in Ferguson, a St. Louis suburb |last=Politi |first=Daniel |date=August 11, 2014 |work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |access-date=August 11, 2014}}</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name=STLAmerican.Struggle>{{cite news |url=http://www.stlamerican.com/news/local_news/article_86cdc228-20c9-11e4-984c-001a4bcf887a.html |title=STL County Police Chief claims struggle with gun lead to fatal shooting of Michael Brown |last=O'Neil |first=Bridjes |date=August 10, 2014 |newspaper=[[The St. Louis American]] |access-date=August 11, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=STLMag.Report>{{cite web |url=https://www.stlmag.com/news/can-ferguson-provide-a-roadmap-to-change/ |last1=Miller |first1=Mike |title=Can the Ferguson Commission Report provide a roadmap to change across the region? |date=July 10, 2020 |
<ref name=StLouisCo.Elections>{{cite web |title=St. Louis County Board of Elections Signed Minutes 11-21-2017 |website=Stlouisco.com |url=https://extcontent.stlouisco.com/BOE/Board/MN20171121.pdf |date=November 21, 2017 |access-date=August 14, 2021}}</ref>
<ref name=STLPublicRadio.Report>{{cite web |last1
<ref name=STLToday.Albers>{{cite web |last1=Patrick |first1=Robert |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/st-ann-officer-removed-after-pointing-gun-threatening-ferguson-protesters/article_3854ed72-a14c-5b8e-b32f-ddb35de94803.html |title=St. Ann officer removed after pointing gun, threatening Ferguson protesters |date=August 21, 2014 |publisher=stltoday.com |access-date=September 19, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=STLToday.Blast>{{cite news |author=Staff reports |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/gov-nixon-gives-police-control-of-ferguson-situation-to-missouri/article_0806541b-ed48-5d06-9267-323531ad6cf1.html |title=McCulloch blasts Nixon for replacing St. Louis County Police control : News |newspaper=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |date=August 11, 2014 |access-date=August 15, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=STLToday.Bracelets>{{cite news |last1=Haoues |first1=Kylie |last2=Chuck |first2=Elizabeth |title=DOJ asks Ferguson chief to stop police from wearing 'I am Darren Wilson' bracelets on duty |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/doj-asks-ferguson-chief-to-stop-police-from-wearing-i/article_a2cfe060-6252-5fa6-8639-6715f643c8f4.html |website=St.Louis Post-Dispatch |date=September 26, 2014 |access-date=September 30, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=STLToday.Businesses>{{cite news |last=Barker |first=Tim |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/ferguson-area-businesses-cope-with-aftermath-of-weekend-riot/article_4a310ec3-94de-57dd-95f7-4e350f6a6fa2.html |title=Ferguson-area businesses cope with aftermath of weekend riot |newspaper=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |date=August 11, 2014 |access-date=August 12, 2014}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name=STLToday.Cedes>{{cite news |last1=Scher Zagier |first1=Alan |title=Ferguson police chief cedes much of his authority |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/state-and-regional/missouri/ferguson-police-chief-cedes-much-of-his-authority/article_9d1332ae-c2d8-5ba2-8893-d33f9ab6c23c.html |newspaper=St. Louis Post Dispatch |access-date=August 16, 2014}}</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name=STLToday.Cigars>{{cite news |title=Michael Brown a suspect in robbery of cigars from store shortly before he was killed by police; officer named |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/michael-brown-a-suspect-in-robbery-of-cigars-from-store/article_52c40b84-ad90-5f9a-973c-70d628d0be04.html |newspaper=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |date=August 15, 2014 |access-date=August 15, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=STLToday.Classes>{{cite web |author=Staff reports |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/education/ferguson-florissant-school-district-again-delays-start-of-classes/article_c2435462-d3e4-59f6-9edd-2ae6b5cfe438.html |title=No school in Ferguson-Florissant until next week, Jennings and Riverview Gardens cancel classes today : News |website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |date=August 19, 2014 |access-date=August 22, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=STLToday.Concert>{{cite news |last1=Giegerich |first1=Steve |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/michael-brown-protesters-interrupt-st-louis-symphony-orchestra-concert/article_bfd2b377-8da4-56f8-aa8d-64bf714e0114.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022045720/https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/michael-brown-protesters-interrupt-st-louis-symphony-orchestra-concert/article_bfd2b377-8da4-56f8-aa8d-64bf714e0114.html |archive-date=22 October 2014 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |title=Michael Brown protesters interrupt St. Louis Symphony Orchestra concert |newspaper=[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]] |date=October 6, 2014 |access-date=October 30, 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
<ref name=STLToday.Curfew2>{{cite news |author=Staff reports |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/article_03b8ca92-776d-525d-b95e-4387ef63a3e2.html |title=Curfew in Ferguson will be in place for second night, volunteers provide lunch |newspaper=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |date=August 17, 2014 |access-date=August 17, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=STLToday.Events>{{cite web |last=Bock |first=Jessica |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/education/ferguson-florissant-cancels-events-tonight-at-district-schools/article_007f47f3-52a2-5208-8f19-1329c8179422.html |title=Ferguson-Florissant cancels events tonight at district schools |newspaper=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |date=August 11, 2014 |access-date=August 12, 2014}}</ref>
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<ref name=STLToday.FirstWECAN>{{cite web |
<ref name=STLToday.Forensic>{{cite news |last1=Byers |first1=Christine |last2=Patrick |first2=Robert |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/forensic-evidence-shows-teen-shot-at-st-louis-officer-police/article_3dafbce7-22b0-5c9a-b7e5-98460279f135.html |title=Forensic evidence shows teen shot at St. Louis officer, police say |newspaper=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |date=October 24, 2014 |access-date=October 27, 2014}}</ref>
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<ref name=STLToday.Glendale>{{cite web |author=City of Glendale Police |url=https://www.stltoday.com/statement-on-glendale-officer-suspended/pdf_a9a82e15-d6c7-5820-b28e-68c59b3d2f27.html |title=Statement on Glendale officer suspended |website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |date=August 22, 2014 |access-date=August 25, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=STLToday.Hackers>{{cite news |last=Hunn |first=David |title=How computer hackers changed the Ferguson protests |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/how-computer-hackers-changed-the-ferguson-protests/article_d81a1da4-ae04-5261-9064-e4c255111c94.html |newspaper=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |date=August 13, 2014 |access-date=August 13, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=STLToday.James>{{cite news |last1=Deere |first1=Stephen |author2=Steve Giegerich |title=Ferguson PR man was convicted of reckless homicide; loses contract |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/ferguson-public-relations-representative-was-convicted-of-reckless-homicide/article_c5c3d517-edd8-511b-9912-566909e54a09.html |website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |date=September 26, 2014 |access-date=October 3, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=STLToday.James2>{{cite news |website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |publisher=Editorial Board |title=Editorial: A parable of St. Louis: The saga of Devin James |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/opinion/columns/the-platform/editorial-a-parable-of-st-louis-the-saga-of-devin/article_5d68d8cf-35f2-5bf7-ab85-5929f30d11f6.html |date=October 1, 2014 |access-date=October 10, 2014}}</ref>
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<ref name=STLToday.Nasheed>{{cite news |last1=Hahn |first1=Valerie Schremp |title=State Sen. Nasheed arrested at protest in Ferguson |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/state-sen-jamilah-nasheed-arrested-in-front-of-ferguson-police/article_bc0bcccc-11b0-5a51-9e73-7ad028efd35a.html |website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |date=October 21, 2014 |access-date=October 21, 2014}}</ref>
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<ref name=STLToday.Myers>{{cite news |last=Patrick |first=Robert |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/private-autopsy-claims-vonderrit-myers-shot-while-fleeing/article_ab007919-9bf9-50e2-8dd2-8f5b45088440.html |title=Private autopsy suggests Vonderrit Myers was shot while fleeing St. Louis officer |newspaper=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |date=October 24, 2014 |access-date=October 27, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=STLToday.Officers>{{cite web |last1=Currier |first1=Joel |last2=Hahn |first2=Valerie Schremp |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/st-ann-officer-resigns-glendale-lieutenant-fired-after-actions-during/article_4e9f0ee5-a8ab-5cc8-ab1a-5e8be57612ca.html |title=Officers from St. Ann, Glendale off the job after actions during Ferguson protests |date=August 29, 2014 |publisher=stltoday.com |access-date=September 19, 2014}}</ref>
<!--ref name=STLToday.Recording>{{cite web |last=Patrick |first=Robert |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/multimedia/special/darren-wilson-s-radio-calls-show-fatal-encounter-was-brief/html_79c17aed-0dbe-514d-ba32-bad908056790.html |title=Darren Wilson's radio calls show fatal encounter was brief |newspaper=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |date=November 14, 2014 |access-date=November 26, 2014}}</ref-->
<ref name=STLToday.PagePappert>{{cite web |author=Staff reports |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/article_44544bee-b353-5f86-aeb2-d13238a9fdc2.html#.U_fiAsZk0z0.twitter |title=St. Louis County officer suspended over video, Glendale officer suspended for Facebook comments : News |website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |date=August 23, 2014 |access-date=August 25, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=STLToday.Twitter>{{cite news |last=Hunn |first=David |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/twitter-suspends-anonymous-account/article_8602d482-e248-5a88-bd56-a417d638eff8.html |title=Twitter suspends Anonymous account |newspaper=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |access-date=August 15, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=Time.Fly>{{Cite news |url
<!-- <ref name=Time.Parents>{{cite news |url=http://time.com/3101712/parents-of-slain-missouri-teen-plead-for-justice/ |title=Parents of Slain Missouri Teen Plead for Justice |last1=Rhodan |first1=Maya |last2=Sauerwein |first2=Kristina |date=August 11, 2014 |access-date=August 17, 2014 |work=Time}}</ref> -->
<ref name=Time.Paul>{{cite news |last=Paul |first=Rand |title=Rand Paul: We Must Demilitarize the Police |url=http://time.com/3111474/rand-paul-ferguson-police/ |date=August 14, 2014 |magazine=Time |access-date=August 17, 2014}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name=Time.Roots>{{cite news |url=http://time.com/3104128/michael-brown-ferguson-cop-shooting-protests/ |title=The Long, Tangled Roots of the Michael Brown Shooting |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=August 12, 2014 |access-date=August 13, 2014 |last=Von Drehle |first=David}}</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name=Time.Silent>{{cite news |last=Von Drehle |first=David |url=http://time.com/3104128/michael-brown-ferguson-cop-shooting-protests/ |title=Michael Brown Shooting Ferguson Police Stay Silent |work=Time |date=August 12, 2014 |access-date=August 13, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=TimeMag.Amnesty>{{cite magazine |title=3 Key Takeaways From Amnesty International's Ferguson Report |url=http://time.com/3535101/ferguson-amnesty-international-report-michael-brown/ |magazine=Time |access-date=October 25, 2014}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name=TPM.Award>{{cite news |
<!-- <ref name=USAToday.Autopsy>{{cite web |author1=Yamiche Alcindor |author2=Kevin Johnson |author3=John Bacon |title=After Brown autopsy, mom wants officer arrested |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/08/17/justice-department-autopsy-brown-ferguson/14196559/ |work=USA Today |date=August 18, 2014 |access-date=August 18, 2014}}</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name=USAToday.Cigars>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/08/15/ferguson-missouri-police-michael-brown-shooting/14098369/ |title=Ferguson police identify officer in Michael Brown shooting |newspaper=USA Today |date=August 14, 2014 |access-date=August 15, 2014}}</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name=USAToday.Gas>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/08/10/st-louis-teen-police-shooting/13856377 |title=Police use tear gas to disperse St. Louis looters |last1=Bissell |first1=Grant |last2=Piper |first2=Brandie |last3=Matthews |first3=Elizabeth |date=August 11, 2014 |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |access-date=August 11, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=USAToday.Manhunt>{{cite news |last=Coleman |first=Christina |title=Ferguson PD arrests 8 protesters, hunts for cop shooter |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/09/29/ferguson-manhunt-continues/16411871 |website=USA Today |date=September 29, 2014 |access-date=September 30, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=USAToday.October>{{cite news |last=Alcindor |first=Bello |title=Amid weekend of protests, 'world is watching' Ferguson |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/10/11/ferguson-weekend-protests/17093627 |website=USA Today |date=October 11, 2014 |access-date=October 14, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=USAToday.Military>{{cite web |first1=Yamiche |last1=Alcindor |first2=Marisol |last2=Bello |title=Police in Ferguson ignite debate about military tactics |date=August 19, 2014 |access-date=August 23, 2014 |website=USA Today |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/08/14/ferguson-militarized-police/14064675/
<!-- <ref name=USAToday.Record>{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/08/14/michael-brown-no-record/14041457/ |title=Michael Brown had no criminal record, police say |author=Aja J. Williams, KSDK-TV, St. Louis |date=August 14, 2014 |access-date=September 19, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=USAToday.Reporters>{{cite news |last1=Eversley |first1=Melanie |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/08/13/reporters-arrested-ferguson/14038067/ |title=Two reporters arrested in Ferguson, Mo |newspaper=USA Today |access-date=August 14, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=USAToday.Second>{{cite web |last1=Alcindor |first1=Yamiche
<!-- <ref name=USAToday.Timeline>{{cite web |author1=USA Today |author2=KSDK-TV, St. Louis |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/08/14/michael-brown-ferguson-missouri-timeline/14051827/ |title=Timeline: Michael Brown shooting in Ferguson, Mo |website=USA Today |access-date=August 22, 2014}}</ref> -->
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<ref name=USAToday.Voter>{{cite news |last1=Alcindor |first1=Yamiche |title=Voter registration in Ferguson surges after Brown killing |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/10/02/ferguson-vote-registration/16572305/ |website=USA Today |date=October 2, 2014 |access-date=October 3, 2014}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name=USAToday.Witness>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/08/13/ferguson-missouri-teen-shooting-witness/13992387/ |title=Witness to Michael Brown, with Brown during the robbery and assault committed at the convenience store, shooting comes forward |last=Farrah |first=Fazal |date=August 13, 2014 |access-date=August 13, 2014 |quote=The officer is approaching us and as he pulled up on the side of us, he didn't say freeze, halt or anything like we were committing a crime. He said, 'Get the F on the sidewalk' |at
<ref name=USAToday.WhiteHouse>{{cite web |title=White House to review equipment program for local police |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2014/08/23/white-house-review-military-equipment-local-police/14506131/ |website=USA Today |access-date=August 23, 2014}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name=USDoJ.Office>{{cite web |url=http://www.justice.gov/usao/moe/news/2014/august/civil_rights_statement.html |title=USDOJ: US Attorney's Office – Eastern District of Missouri |publisher=U.S. Department of Justice |date=August 10, 2010 |access-date=August 15, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=Vice.Tension>{{cite news |last1=Speri |first1=Alice |title=Tension Is Mounting in Ferguson as More People Are Shot |url=https://news.vice.com/article/tension-is-mounting-in-ferguson-as-more-people-are-shot |access-date=August 14, 2014 |website=Vice News |date=August 13, 2014}}</ref>
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<!-- <ref name=Vox.FBI>{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/2014/8/16/6024539/federal-investigation-begins-40-fbi-agents-arrive-in-ferguson-michael-brown |title=40 FBI agents are in Ferguson to investigate the shooting of Michael Brown |last=Taub |first=Amanda |publisher=Vox.com |date=August 16, 2014 |access-date=August 17, 2014}}</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name=Vox.Feds>{{cite web |author=Lauren Williams |url=https://www.vox.com/xpress/2014/8/17/6026843/holder-doj-michael-brown-federal-autopsy |title=Feds order a third autopsy of Michael Brown |publisher=Vox |date=June 10, 2014 |access-date=August 18, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=Vox.Tensions>{{cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/2014/8/11/5988925/mike-brown-killing-shooting-case-ferguson-police-riots-st-louis |title=Outrage in Ferguson after police shooting of unarmed teenager Michael Brown |last=Lind |first=Dara |date=August 12, 2014 |website=Vox |access-date=August 12, 2014}}</ref><!--- FOR ARCHIVAL INFO On Sunday afternoon, local and national leadership planned a vigil and other responses. In the evening of August 10, police tried to break up the crowd and then some of the protesters responded violently, looting various stores in the neighborhood including a [[QuikTrip]].<ref>{{cite news |quote=A teenage girl told KMOV that a QuikTrip convenience store was being looted. Asked what looters were taking, she said, 'Everything. They destroyed everything.' |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-missouri-police-shooting-20140811-story.html |title=Protests near St. Louis continue for slain teen after riot, arrests |date=August 11, 2014 |work=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> The story became widely reported in the United States, drawing comparisons to the [[Treyvon Martin]] incident of 2012.<ref>{{cite news |title=Unarmed black teenager shot: Is #MikeBrown the next Trayvon Martin? (+video) |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/USA-Update/2014/0810/Unarmed-black-teenager-shot-Is-MikeBrown-the-next-Trayvon-Martin-video |first=David Clark |last=Scott |date=August 10, 2014}}</ref> ---->
<ref name="CTFP.Myers">{{cite news |title=Autopsy: St. Louis officer shot Myers from behind |url=https://www.timesfreepress.com/news/national/general/story/2014/oct/23/autopsy-st-louofficer-shot-myers-behind/261263/ |access-date=August 12, 2020 |work=[[Chattanooga Times Free Press]] |agency=Associated Press |date=October 23, 2014}}</ref>
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<ref name=WashPost.Breakdown>{{cite news |last1=Keating |first1=Dan |last2=Rivero |first2=Cristina |last3=Tan |first3=Shelly |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/national/ferguson-arrests/ |title=A breakdown of the arrests in Ferguson |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=May 21, 2013 |access-date=August 22, 2014}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name=WashPost.Diploma>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/mike-brown-notched-a-hard-fought-victory-just-days-before-he-was-shot-a-diploma/2014/08/12/574d65e6-2257-11e4-8593-da634b334390_story.html |title=Mike Brown notched a hard-fought victory just days before he was shot: A diploma |last1=Lowery |first1=Wesley |last2=Frankel |first2=Todd C. |date=August 12, 2014 |access-date=August 17, 2014 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> -->
<ref name=WashPost.Ease>{{cite news |last1=Samuels |first1=Robert |title=Protesters in Ferguson, Mo., stand their ground, police ease up |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/09/30/police-in-ferguson-mo-ease-up-on-peaceful-protesters |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=September 30, 2014 |access-date=October 1, 2014}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name=WashPost.Encounter>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/08/15/ferguson-police-chief-encounter-between-officer-and-michael-brown-did-not-relate-to-robbery/ |title=Ferguson police chief: Encounter between officer and Michael Brown did not relate to robbery |last=Berman |first=Mark |date=August 15, 2014 |access-date=August 15, 2014 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> -->
<ref name=WashPost.Even>{{cite news |last=Lowery |first=Wesley |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/even-before-teen-michael-browns-slaying-in-mo-racial-questions-have-hung-over-police/2014/08/13/78b3c5c6-2307-11e4-86ca-6f03cbd15c1a_story.html |title=Even before Michael Brown's slaying in Ferguson, racial questions hung over police |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=August 13, 2014 |access-date=August 14, 2014}}</ref>
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<!-- <ref name=WashPost.Eye>{{cite web |last=Leonnig |first=Carol D. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/police-officer-who-shot-michael-brown-suffered-fractured-eye-socket-friend-says/2014/08/21/177524ea-293c-11e4-958c-268a320a60ce_story.html |title=Missouri Gov. Jay Nixon withdraws National Guard from Ferguson, as clashes subside |website=The Washington Post |date=August 21, 2014 |access-date=August 22, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=WashPost.Facebook>{{cite news |last=Freelon |first=Kiratiana |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/08/14/the-nmos14-started-on-twitter-organized-on-facebook-and-looks-to-connect-people-irl-tonight/ |title=The #nmos14 started on Twitter, organized on Facebook, and looks to connect people IRL tonight |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 14, 2014 |access-date=August 18, 2014}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name=WashPost.FBI>{{cite news |first=Mark |last=Berman |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |title=FBI opens investigation into shooting of Michael Brown |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/08/11/fbi-opens-investigation-into-shooting-of-michael-brown/ |date=August 11, 2014 |access-date=August 11, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=WashPost.Freelance>{{cite news |last1=
<ref name=WashPost.Isis>{{cite news |last1=Mekhennet |first1=Souad |author1-link=Souad Mekhennet |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2014/08/21/even-islamist-fighters-in-syria-and-iraq-are-obsessing-over-ferguson/ |title=Even the Islamists of ISIS are obsessing over Ferguson |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=August 21, 2014 |access-date=October 8, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=WashPost.Learn>{{cite news |last1=
<ref name=WashPost.Lowery>{{cite news |last1=Lowery |first1=Wesley |title=In Ferguson, Washington Post reporter Wesley Lowery gives account of his arrest |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/in-ferguson-washington-post-reporter-wesley-lowery-gives-account-of-his-arrest/2014/08/13/0fe25c0e-2359-11e4-86ca-6f03cbd15c1a_story.html?Post+generic=%3Ftid%3Dsm_twitter_washingtonpost |access-date=August 14, 2014 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=August 13, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=WashPost.Manage>{{cite news |last1=
<ref name=WashPost.MondayCurfew>{{cite news |first=Mark |last=Berman |title=Governor Nixon lifts curfew for Ferguson |date=August 18, 2014 |access-date=August 18, 2014 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/08/18/governor-nixon-lifts-curfew-for-ferguson/ |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref>
<ref name=WashPost.Military>{{cite news |first=Thomas |last=Gibbons-Neff |title=Military veterans see deeply flawed police response in Ferguson |date=August 14, 2014 |access-date=August 24, 2014 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2014/08/14/military-veterans-see-deeply-flawed-police-response-in-ferguson/
<!-- <ref name=WashPost.Prosecutor>{{cite news |last=Kindy |first=Kimberly |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/objectivity-of-prosecutor-in-missouri-shooting-of-michael-brown-is-questioned/2014/08/15/1fe20690-24bc-11e4-958c-268a320a60ce_story.html |title=Objectivity of prosecutor in Missouri shooting of Michael Brown is questioned |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=August 16, 2014}}</ref> -->
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<ref name=WashPost.RestOfWorld2>{{cite news |last1=Taylor |first1=Adam |last2=Noack |first2=Rick |title=How the rest of the world sees Ferguson |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/08/18/how-the-rest-of-the-world-sees-ferguson/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=August 19, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=WashPost.Riot>{{cite news |last=Bever |first=Lindsey |title=Amid Ferguson protests, hacker collective Anonymous wages cyberwar |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/08/13/amid-ferguson-protests-anonymous-hacktivists-wage-cyberwar/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=August 13, 2014 |access-date=August 13, 2014}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name=WashPost.Suspect>{{cite news |last1=Berman |first1=Mark |last2=Lowery |first2=Wesley |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/08/15/ferguson-police-releasing-name-of-officer-who-shot-michael-brown/ |title=Ferguson police call Michael Brown a robbery suspect, identify Darren Wilson as officer who shot him |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=August 15, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=WashPost.Suspend>{{cite news |last1=Berman |first1=Mark |title=Police officer suspended for pointing rifle at protesters, threatening them |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/08/20/police-officer-suspended-for-pointing-rifle-at-protesters-threatening-them/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=August 20, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2014}}</ref>
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<ref name=WashPost.Thousands>{{cite news |last1=Johnson |first1=Thomas |last2=Sullivan |first2=Gail |title=Thousands donated to crowdfunding campaign for Darren Wilson, the officer who shot Michael Brown |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/08/22/thousands-donated-to-crowdfunding-campaign-for-darren-wilson-the-officer-who-shot-michael-brown/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=August 26, 2014}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name=WashPost.Three>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/in-ferguson-three-minutes--and-two-lives-forever-changed/2014/08/16/f28f5bc0-2588-11e4-8593-da634b334390_story.html |title=In Ferguson, three minutes — and two lives forever changed |last1=Roig-Franzia |first1=Manuel |first2=DeNeen L. |last2=Brown |first3=Wesley |last3=Lowery |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=August 16, 2014 |access-date=August 17, 2014}}</ref> -->
<ref name=washPost.Unconstitutional>{{cite news |last1=Lowery |first1=Wesley |title=Federal judges tosses '5 second rule' being used to police Ferguson protests |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/10/06/federal-judges-tosses-5-second-rule-being-used-to-police-ferguson-protests |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=October 6, 2014 |access-date=October 7, 2014}}</ref>
<!-- <ref name=WashPost.Wilson>{{cite news |last1=Itkowitz |first1=Colby |title=Here's what has been reported so far about Ferguson police officer Darren Wilson |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/08/16/heres-what-has-been-reported-so-far-about-officer-darren-wilson/ |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> -->
<ref name=WestNewsMagazine.Parkway>{{cite web |url=https://westnewsmagazine.com/2017/01/25/74632/community-action-network-asks-parkway-to-weigh-in-on-school-fights-law |title=Community action network asks Parkway to weigh in on school fights law |date=January 25, 2017 |access-date=August 13, 2021 |website=Westnewsmagazine.com}}</ref>
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<ref name=WhiteHouse.Statement>{{cite web |last1=Obama |first1=Barack |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/08/14/statement-president |title=Statement by the President | The White House |date=April 1, 2013 |via=[[NARA|National Archives]] |work=[[whitehouse.gov]] |access-date=August 15, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=WSJ.JusticeDept>{{cite web |last1=Barrett |first1=Devlin |title=Justice Department to Investigate Ferguson Police Force |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/ferguson-police-chief-welcomes-justice-department-probe-1409849928 |website=The Wall Street Journal |url-access=subscription
<ref name=WSJ.Missouri>{{cite news |first=Ben |last=Kesling |website=The Wall Street Journal |url-access=subscription
<ref name=WSJ.Suspect>{{cite web |last1=Peters |first1=Mark |last2=Kesling |first2=Ben |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/police-name-darren-wilson-as-officer-in-ferguson-missouri-michael-brown-shooting-1408108371 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026000414/https://www.wsj.com/articles/police-name-darren-wilson-as-officer-in-ferguson-missouri-michael-brown-shooting-1408108371 |archive-date=26 October 2022 |url-status=live |title=Police: Officer Wasn't Aware Michael Brown Was Suspect in Alleged Robbery |website=The Wall Street Journal |url-access=subscription
}}
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'''Collected photographs'''
* [https://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2014/08/national-guard-sent-to-ferguson-missouri-after-week-of-chaos-and-protest/100794/ Images from Ferguson] ''collected photographs at [[The Atlantic]]''
* [http://darkroom.baltimoresun.com/2014/08/images-that-define-fergusons-protests-hands-up-dont-shoot/#1 Images from Ferguson] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223125558/http://darkroom.baltimoresun.com/2014/08/images-that-define-fergusons-protests-hands-up-dont-shoot/#1 |date=December 23, 2014 }} ''collected photographs at [[The Baltimore Sun]]''
* [http://digital.wustl.edu/ferguson Documenting Ferguson] ''an online archive of images, audio, video, and stories'', an initiative of [[Washington University in St. Louis]]
'''Documents'''
* [http://apps.stlpublicradio.org/ferguson-commission-priorities/assets/report.pdf Ferguson Commission Report] ''Forward Through Ferguson: A Path Toward Racial Equity''
* {{cite web |title=Investigation of the Ferguson Police Department |url=https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opa/press-releases/attachments/2015/03/04/ferguson_police_department_report.pdf |publisher=United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division |access-date=15 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811053256/https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opa/press-releases/attachments/2015/03/04/ferguson_police_department_report.pdf |archive-date=2023-08-11 |date=2015-03-04}}
'''Organizations'''
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{{Riots in the United States (1980–present)}}
[[Category:
[[Category:2014 controversies in the United States]]
[[Category:2014 in Missouri]]
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[[Category:History of racism in Missouri]]
[[Category:History of St. Louis County, Missouri]]
[[Category:Metropolitan Police Department, City of St. Louis]]
[[Category:March 2015 crimes in the United States]]
[[Category:Mass media-related controversies in the United States]]
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