Evolution: Difference between revisions

As evolution can produce highly optimized processes and networks, it has many applications in [[computer science]]. Here, simulations of evolution using [[evolutionary algorithm]]s and [[artificial life]] started with the work of Nils Aall Barricelli in the 1960s, and was extended by [[Alex Fraser (scientist)|Alex Fraser]], who published a series of papers on simulation of [[artificial selection]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Fraser AS |title=Monte Carlo analyses of genetic models |journal=Nature |volume=181 |issue=4603 |pages=208–9 |year=1958 |pmid=13504138 |doi=10.1038/181208a0 }}</ref> [[Evolutionary algorithm|Artificial evolution]] became a widely recognized optimization method as a result of the work of [[Ingo Rechenberg]] in the 1960s and early 1970s, who used [[Evolution strategy|evolution strategies]] to solve complex engineering problems.<ref>{{cite book |last=Rechenberg |first=Ingo |year=1973 |title=Evolutionsstrategie - Optimierung technischer Systeme nach Prinzipien der biologischen Evolution (PhD thesis) |publisher=Fromman-Holzboog | language = German}}</ref> [[Genetic algorithm]]s in particular became popular through the writing of [[John Henry Holland|John Holland]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Holland |first=John H. |year=1975 |title=Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems | publisher=University of Michigan Press | isbn = 0262581116}}</ref> As academic interest grew, dramatic increases in the power of computers allowed practical applications, including the automatic evolution of computer programs.<ref>{{cite book |last=Koza|first=John R. |year=1992 |title=Genetic Programming| subtitle=On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural Selection | publisher=MIT Press}}</ref> Evolutionary algorithms are now used to solve multi-dimensional problems more efficiently than software produced by human designers, and also to optimize the design of systems.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Jamshidi M |title=Tools for intelligent control: fuzzy controllers, neural networks and genetic algorithms |journal=Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences |volume=361 |issue=1809 |pages=1781–808 |year=2003 |pmid=12952685 |doi=10.1098/rsta.2003.1225}}</ref>

 

 

'''Introductory reading'''