Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]
Wikipedia

Euharamiyida: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Adding local short description: "Extinct clade of mammaliaforms", overriding Wikidata description "clade of early mammals from the Jurassic era in China" (Shortdesc helper)
 
(36 intermediate revisions by 8 users not shown)
Line 1:
{{Short description|Extinct clade of mammaliaforms}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = [[{{fossilrange|Middle Jurassic]]|Early Cretaceous}}
| image = Shenshou NT small.jpg
| image_caption = Life restoration of ''[[Shenshou]]''
| image2 = Xianshou linglong skull.svg
| image2_caption = Skull of ''[[Xianshou]]''
| display_parents = 2
| taxon = Euharamiyida
| authority = Bi, Wang,''et Guan, Sheng, & Meng,al.'' 2014
}}
 
'''EuharamiyidsEuharamiyida''' werealso aknown as '''Eleutherodontida''', is [[clade]] of early [[mammal]]s or mammal-like [[cynodont]]s from the [[Middle Jurassic]] Periodto inEarly [[China]].Cretaceous of Eurasia and possibly North America. The group is sometimes considered a [[sister group]] to [[Multituberculata]],<ref name="BiEtAl2014">{{cite journal |lastlast1=Bi |firstfirst1=Shundong |last2=Wang |first2=Yuanqing |last3=Sheng |first3=Xia |last4=Meng |first4=Jin |date=10 September 2014 |title=Three new Jurassic euharamiyidan species reinforce early divergence of mammals |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |publisher=[[Nature Publishing Group]] |volume= 514|issue= 7524|pages= 579–584|doi=10.1038/nature13718 |pmid=25209669|bibcode=2014Natur.514..579B |s2cid=4471574 }}</ref> or part of an earlier divergence within the [[synapsid]] line.<ref name="NYT-20151116-kc">{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=Jawbone in Rock May Clear Up a Mammal Family Mystery |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/17/science/haramiyid-jawbone-in-rock-may-clear-up-a-mammal-family-mystery.html |date=16 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=17 November 2015 }}</ref><ref name="PNAS-20151116-zzxl">{{cite journal |last1=Luo |first1=Zhe-Xi |last2=Gates
|first2=Stephen M. |last3=Jenkins Jr. |first3=Farish A. |last4=Amaral |first4=William W. |last5=Shubin |first5=Neil H. |title=Mandibular and dental characteristics of Late Triassic mammaliaform Haramiyavia and their ramifications for basal mammal evolution |url=http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/11/11/1519387112 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1519387112 |pmid=26630008 |date=16 November 2015 |journal=[[PNAS]] |volume=112 |issue=51 |accesspages=E7101–E7109|pmc=4697399 |bibcode=2015PNAS..112E7101L |doi-access=free }}</ref> It is disputed whether or not they are related to the Haramiyids from the Late Triassic, such as ''[[Haramiyavia]]''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Hoffmann |first1=Simone |last2=Beck |first2=Robin M. D. |last3=Wible |first3=John R. |last4=Rougier |first4=Guillermo W. |last5=Krause |first5=David W. |date=172020-12-14 |title=Phylogenetic placement of Adalatherium hui (Mammalia, Gondwanatheria) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar: implications for allotherian relationships |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2020.1801706 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=40 |issue=sup1 |pages=213–234 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2020.1801706 |s2cid=230968231 |issn=0272-4634}}</ref> The morphology of their teeth indicates that they were herbivorous or omnivorous. Some members of the group are known to be [[Arboreal locomotion|arboreal]], including gliding forms similar to modern [[Flying squirrel|flying squirrels]] or [[Colugo|colugos]].<ref name="BiEtAl2014" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Han |first1=Gang |last2=Mao |first2=Fangyuan |last3=Bi |first3=Shundong |last4=Wang |first4=Yuanqing |last5=Meng |first5=Jin |date=November 20152017 |title=A Jurassic gliding euharamiyidan mammal with an ear of five auditory bones |url=http://www.nature.com/articles/nature24483 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=551 |issue=7681 |pages=E7101–E7109451–456 |pmcdoi=469739910.1038/nature24483 |pmid=29132143 |bibcode=2017Natur.551..451H |s2cid=4466953 |issn=0028-0836}}</ref>
 
== Evolution ==
The position of euharamyidans is contested. They are either considered crown group mammals as members of [[Allotheria]], related to [[multituberculates]], or they are considered to stem-group mammals within the [[Mammaliaformes]].<ref name="BiEtAl2014" /><ref name="PNAS-20151116-zzxl"/> The position is often dependent on the relationships of euharamiyids to the Late Triassic haramiyids such as ''[[Haramiyavia]]'' and [[Thomasia (animal)|''Thomasia'']]. In some studies, the two groups are recovered as unrelated.<ref name="Luo2017">X.-Z. Luo, Q.-J. Meng, D. M. Grossnickle, D. Lui, A. I. Neander, Y.-G. Zhang, and Q. Ji. 2017. New evidence for mammaliaform ear evolution and feeding adaptation in a Jurassic ecosystem. Nature 548:326-329.</ref><ref name=":1" />
By studying Euharamiyida, Bi ''et al.'' (2014) came to the conclusion that mammals evolved during the late [[Triassic]], with [[allotheria]]ns diverging into Euharamiyids and Multituberculates around 208 million years ago from a common ''[[Haramiyavia]]''-like ancestor.<ref name="BiEtAl2014" /> However, more recent studies showcase that euharamiyidans are more basal mammaliaforms, outside of crown-group Mammalia, rendering [[Allotheria]] obsolete.<ref name="NYT-20151116-kc"/><ref name="PNAS-20151116-zzxl"/>
 
==TaxaPhylogeny==
{| class="wikitable"
{{cladogram|title=Euharamiyida
|-
|caption=[[Cladogram]] of Euharamiyida
! Huttenlocker et al. 2018<ref name="Huttenlocker2018"/>
|cladogram={{clade| style=font-size:85%;line-height:75%;width:319px;
! Mao et al. 2022<ref name="Mao2022">{{cite journal|doi=10.1080/14772019.2022.2097021|title=New allotherian specimens from the Middle Jurassic Woodeaton Quarry (Oxfordshire) and implications for haramiyidan diversity and phylogeny |year=2022 |last1=Mao |first1=Fangyuan |last2=Brewer |first2=Philippa |last3=Hooker |first3=Jerry J. |last4=Meng |first4=Jin |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=20 |pages=1–37 |s2cid=251708147 }}</ref>
|label1=Euharamiyida
|-
|1={{clade
|
|1=''[[Shenshou]]''
{{clade |style=font-size:85%;
|label2=
| label1='''Euharamiyida'''&nbsp;(='''Eleutherodontida''')
|2={{clade
| 1={{clade
|1=''[[Arboroharamiya]]''
| 1=''[[Megaconus]]''
|label1=
| 2={{clade
|label2=
| |21={{clade
| |1=''[[EleutherodonCifelliodon]]''
| 2=''[[Hahnodon]]''
|label2=
| label3='''[[Gondwanatheria]]'''
|2={{clade
| |13=''[[SineleutherusVintana]]''
|label2= ''[[Xianshou]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Xianshou linglong|X. linglong]]''
|2=''[[Xianshou songae|X. songae]]''
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
| label2='''Eleutherodontidae'''
*''[[Millsodon]]'' <small>Butler and Hooker, 2005</small>
| 2={{clade
*'''Eleutherodontidae''' <small>Kermack ''et al.'' 1998</small>
| 1=''[[Maiopatagium]]''
**''[[Eleutherodon]]'' <small>Kermack ''et al.'' 1998</small>
| 2={{clade
**''[[Maiopatagium]]'' <small>Luo et al., 2017</small>
| 1=''[[Shenshou]]''
**''[[Megaconus]]'' <small>Zhou ''et al.'', 2013</small>
| 2={{clade
**''[[Sineleutherus]]'' <small>Martin, Averianov & Pfretzschner, 2010</small>
| 1=''[[Millsodon]]''
**''[[Vilevolodon]]'' <small>Luo ''et al.'' 2017</small><ref>X.-Z. Luo, Q.-J. Meng, D. M. Grossnickle, D. Lui, A. I. Neander, Y.-G. Zhang, and Q. Ji. 2017. New evidence for mammaliaform ear evolution and feeding adaptation in a Jurassic ecosystem. Nature 548:326-329.</ref>
| 2={{clade
**''[[Xianshou]]'' <small>Wang, Meng, Bi, Guan and Sheng, 2014</small>
| 1={{clade
*'''Arboroharamiyidae''' <small>Zheng ''et al.'', 2013</small>
| 1=''[[Eleutherodon]]''
**''[[Arboroharamiya]]'' <small>Zheng ''et al.'', 2013</small>
| 2=''[[Sineleutherus]]''
*'''Shenshouidae''' <small>Mao and Meng, 2019</small>
}}
**''[[Qishou]]'' <small>Mao and Meng, 2019</small>
| 2={{clade
**''[[Shenshou]]'' <small>Bi, Wang, Guan, Sheng and Meng, 2014</small>
| 1=''[[Xianshou]]''
**''[[Sharypovoia]]'' <small>Averianov et al, 2019</small>
| 2={{clade
| 1=''[[Arboroharamiya]]''
| 2=''[[Vilevolodon]]''
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
|
{{clade |style=font-size:85%;
| label1='''Euharamiyida'''
| 1={{clade
| 1=''[[Maiopatagium|Maiopatagium furculiferum]]''
| 2={{clade
| 1=''[[Maiopatagium|Maiopatagium sibiricum]]''
| 2={{clade
| 1=''[[Cryoharamiya]]''
| 2={{clade
| 1=''[[Sharypovia]]''
| 2={{clade
| label1='''Shenshouidae'''
| 1={{clade
| 1=''[[Qishou]]''
| 2=''[[Shenshou]]''
}}
| 2={{clade
| 1=''[[Allostaffia]]''
| 2={{clade
| 1=''[[Sineleutherus]]''
| 2={{clade
| 1={{clade
| 1=''[[Butlerodon]]''
| 2=''[[Woodeatonia]]''
}}
| 2={{clade
| label1='''Kermackodontidae'''
| 1=''[[Kermackodon]]''
| label2='''Arboroharamiyidae'''
| 2={{clade
| 1=''[[Xianshou]]''
| 2={{clade
| 1=''[[Arboroharamiya|Arboroharamiya allinhopsoni]]''
| 2=''[[Arboroharamiya|Arboroharamiya jenkinsi]]''
| 3=''[[Vilevolodon]]''
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
 
}}
|}
 
==Taxa==
The following taxonomy follows Mao et al. (2022)<ref name="Mao2022"/> unless otherwise cited.
* ''[[Cryoharamiya]]''
* ''[[Maiopatagium]]''
* ''[[Millosodon]]''<ref name="Huttenlocker2018"/>
* ''[[Sharypovoia]]''
* ''[[Sineleutherus]]''
* ''[[Woodeatonia]]''
* ?''[[Allostaffia]]''
* ?'''[[Hahnodontidae]]''' <small>Sigogneau-Russell, 1991</small><ref name="Huttenlocker2018"/>
* ?''[[Megaconus]]''<ref name="Huttenlocker2018">{{cite journal|doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0126-y|title=Late-surviving stem mammal links the lowermost Cretaceous of North America and Gondwana |year=2018 |last1=Huttenlocker |first1=Adam K. |last2=Grossnickle |first2=David M. |last3=Kirkland |first3=James I. |last4=Schultz |first4=Julia A. |last5=Luo |first5=Zhe-Xi |journal=Nature |volume=558 |issue=7708 |pages=108–112 |pmid=29795343 |bibcode=2018Natur.558..108H |s2cid=43921185 }}</ref>
* ?'''[[Gondwanatheria]]'''<ref name="Huttenlocker2018"/><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1098/rspb.2020.0943|title=Tip dating supports novel resolutions of controversial relationships among early mammals |year=2020 |last1=King |first1=Benedict |last2=Beck |first2=Robin M. D. |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=287 |issue=1928 |pmid=32517606 |pmc=7341916 }}</ref>
* '''Arboroharamiyidae''' <small>Zheng ''et al.'', 2013</small>
** ''[[Arboroharamiya]]''
** ''[[Vilevolodon]]''
** ''[[Xianshou]]''
* '''Kermackodontidae''' <small>Butler and Hooker, 2005</small> (='''"Eleutherodontidae"''' <small>Kermack et al., 1998</small>) (considered by other studies to be multituberculates)
** ''[[Kermackodon]]''
** ''[[Butlerodon]]''
* '''Shenshouidae''' <small>Mao and Meng, 2019</small>
** ''[[Qishou]]''
** ''[[Shenshou]]''
 
==References==
Line 63 ⟶ 142:
 
[[Category:Euharamiyids| ]]
[[Category:MammalJurassic ordersfirst appearances]]
[[Category:Triassic mammals]]
[[Category:Late Triassic first appearances]]
[[Category:Jurassic extinctions]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Shundong Bi]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euharamiyida"