Content deleted Content added
→Prohibition: made link |
Citation bot (talk | contribs) Alter: url. URLs might have been anonymized. Add: archive-date, archive-url. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Spinixster | Category:Shakespearean scholars | #UCB_Category 190/216 |
||
Line 18:
}}
'''Elizebeth Smith Friedman''' (August 26, 1892 – October 31, 1980) was an [[Americans|American]] [[cryptanalyst]] and author who deciphered enemy codes in both [[World War]]s and helped to solve international [[smuggling]] cases during [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]]. Over the course of her career, she worked for the United States [[United States Department of the Treasury|Treasury]], [[United States Coast Guard|Coast Guard]], [[United States Navy|Navy]] and [[United States Army|Army]], and the [[International Monetary Fund]].<ref name=NYTimes-Elizebeth-Obit-1980>{{cite news|title=E.S. Friedman, 88, Cryptanalyst Who Broke Enemy Codes, Dies; Broke Bootleggers' Code|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F04EED81038E432A25750C0A9679D94619FD6CF&legacy=true|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=3 November 1980}} {{Closed access}}</ref> She has been called "America's first female cryptanalyst".<ref name="Time2021" /><ref name=Marshall-SmithFriedmanColl-FindingAid-2014>{{cite web|title=Elizebeth Smith Friedman Collection: Collection Guide|url=http://marshallfoundation.org/library/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/2014/06/Friedman_Elizabeth.pdf|website=[[George C. Marshall Foundation]]|format=Finding Aid|date=2014}}</ref><ref name=FriedmanCollection-AnalyticalGuide-2014>{{cite book|last1=Sheldon|first1=Rose Mary|title=The Friedman Collection: An Analytical Guide|date=2014|url=http://marshallfoundation.org/library/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/2014/09/Friedman_Collection_Guide_September_2014.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106201729/http://marshallfoundation.org/library/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/2014/09/Friedman_Collection_Guide_September_2014.pdf |archive-date=November 6, 2021 }}</ref><ref name=NSA-HallOfHonor-ElizebethSFriedman-1999>{{cite web|title=Cryptologic Hall of Honor: Elizebeth S. Friedman|url=https://www.nsa.gov/about/cryptologic-heritage/historical-figures-publications/hall-of-honor/1999/efriedman.shtml|website=Cryptologic Hall of Honor|publisher=[[National Security Agency]]|language=en|date=3 May 2009}}</ref>
==Early life and education==
Line 141:
** [http://marshallfoundation.org/library/audio/tape-05-interview-with-elizebeth-friedman/ Tape #5: Fabyan, Riverbank, and the Bilateral Cipher], [http://marshallfoundation.org/library/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/2015/04/Transcript-tape-5-ESF-Interviews-June-6-1974.pdf Tape #5 transcript]
* {{cite book|last1=Friedman|first1=Elizebeth Smith|last2=Valaki|first2=Virginia T.|title=Elizebeth Smith Friedman|date=11 November 1976|publisher=[[National Security Agency]] Center for Cryptologic History Oral History Program}}
* {{cite book|last1=Sheldon|first1=Rose Mary|title=The Friedman Collection: An Analytical Guide|date=2014|url=http://marshallfoundation.org/library/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/2014/09/Friedman_Collection_Guide_September_2014.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106201729/http://marshallfoundation.org/library/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/2014/09/Friedman_Collection_Guide_September_2014.pdf |archive-date=November 6, 2021 }}
* {{cite book|last1=Lyle|first1=Katie Letcher|last2=Joyner|first2=David|title=Divine Fire: Elizebeth Friedman, Cryptanalyst|date=2015|publisher=CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform|location=Middletown, Delaware|isbn=978-1-508-54512-5|language=en|oclc=931090888}}
* {{cite book|last1=Smith|first1=G. Stuart|title=A Life in Code: Pioneer Cryptanalyst Elizebeth Smith Friedman|date=2017|publisher=McFarland & Company, Inc.|location=Jefferson, North Carolina|isbn=978-1-476-66918-2|oclc=963347429}}
| |||