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'''Distributed Denial of Secrets''', abbreviated '''DDoSecrets''', is a [[Nonprofit organization|non-profit]] [[whistleblower]] site for [[news leak]]s founded in 2018.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=About – Distributed Denial of Secrets|url=https://ddosecrets.com/wiki/About|access-date=2021-02-17|website=ddosecrets.com}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite news|last=Satter|first=Raphael|date=2018-12-03|title=Leak site's launch shows dilemma of radical transparency|work=[[AP News]]|url=https://apnews.com/article/4c081f7c966140b4a4f8c661e0b03792|access-date=2021-03-03}}</ref><ref name=wired2020-06-22/><ref name=nytimes2019-01-25/><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Thielman|first=Sam|date=2019-02-06|title=A new group devoted to transparency is exposing secrets Wikileaks chose to keep|work=Columbia Journalism Review|url=https://www.cjr.org/tow_center/emma-best-ddosecrets.php|access-date=2021-03-03}}</ref> SometimesThe referredsite to asis a successorfrequent tosource [[WikiLeaks]],<reffor name=":11">{{Citeother magazine|last=Greenberg|first=Andy|date=2020-06-26|title=Annews Embattledoutlets Groupand ofhas Leakersworked Pickson Upinvestigations theincluding WikiLeaks[[Cyprus Mantle|magazine=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/story/ddosecrets-blueleaks-wikileaks/|access-date=2021-03-03|issn=1059-1028}}</ref>Confidential]]<ref name=":2032">{{Cite magazine|last=Greenberg|first=Andy|date=2021-01-06|title=Activists Publish a Vast Trove of Ransomware Victims' Data|magazine=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/story/ddosecrets-ransomware-leaks/|access-date=2021-03-03|issn=1059-1028}}</ref><ref name=":4111">{{Cite news|last=Menn|first=Joseph|date=2021-03-26|title=New wave of 'hacktivism' adds twist to cybersecurity woes|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cyber-hacktivism-focus-idUSKBN2BH3HJ|access-date=2021-03-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazinewith |last1=Silvermanother |first1=Jacobmedia |last2=Haas |first2=Lidija |last3=Haas |first3=Lidija |last4=Smith |first4=Jordan Michael |last5=Smith |first5=Jordan Michael |last6=Segall |first6=Pam |last7=Segall |first7=Pam |last8=Al-Agba |first8=Niran |last9=Al-Agba |first9=Niran |date=2021-08-18 |title=The New WikiLeaks |magazine=The New Republic |url=https://newrepublicorganisations.com/article/163106/ddossecrets-new-wikileaks-julian-assange |access-date=2022-03-06 |issn=0028-6583}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |titlename=Distributed Denial of Secrets is picking up where WikiLeaks left off |url=https"://www.mic.com/impact/distributed-denial-of-secrets-is-picking-up-where-wikileaks-left-off1" |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=Mic |date=October 21, 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1723">{{Cite web |last=Faife |first=Corin |date=20222020-0407-2209 |title=They'veGermany leakedseizes terabytesserver ofhosting Russianpilfered emails,US but who'spolice reading?files |url=https://www.thevergeapnews.com/2022article/4/22/23036079/russian-emails-leaked-ddosecretsab0a5f01a0bcdd4da347ba6763dcab61 |access-date=20222023-0412-2325 |website=TheAP VergeNews |language=en}}</ref> it came to international attention for its June 2020 publication of internal police documents, known as [[BlueLeaks]]. The group has also published data on [[Russian oligarch]]s, [[Fascism|fascist]] groups, [[Shell corporation|shell companies]], [[tax haven]]s and banking in the [[Cayman Islands]], as well as data [[Parler#Content scraping|scraped from Parler in January 2021]] and from the [[Gab (social network)#Hacks and data leaks|February 2021 Gab leak]]. The group is also known for publishing emails from military officials, City Hall in Chicago and the [[Washington D.C. Metropolitan Police Department]]. In December 2023, the organisation said it had published over 100 million files from 59 countries.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Best |first=Emma |date=2023-12-03 |title=Happy 5th birthday to the leaks library DDoSecrets |url=https://ddosecrets.substack.com/p/ddosecrets-turns-five-years-old |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=Distributed Email of Secrets}}</ref><ref name=":19">{{Cite web |date=2023-12-14 |title=Five years of Distributed Denial of Secrets and a dangerous automotive vulnerability |url=https://cyberscoop.com/radio/distributed-denial-of-secrets/ |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=CyberScoop |language=en-US}}</ref>
 
Sometimes referred to as a successor to [[WikiLeaks]],<ref name=":11">{{Cite magazine|last=Greenberg|first=Andy|date=2020-06-26|title=An Embattled Group of Leakers Picks Up the WikiLeaks Mantle|magazine=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/story/ddosecrets-blueleaks-wikileaks/|access-date=2021-03-03|issn=1059-1028}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite magazine|last=Greenberg|first=Andy|date=2021-01-06|title=Activists Publish a Vast Trove of Ransomware Victims' Data|magazine=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/story/ddosecrets-ransomware-leaks/|access-date=2021-03-03|issn=1059-1028}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news|last=Menn|first=Joseph|date=2021-03-26|title=New wave of 'hacktivism' adds twist to cybersecurity woes|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cyber-hacktivism-focus-idUSKBN2BH3HJ|access-date=2021-03-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last1=Silverman |first1=Jacob |last2=Haas |first2=Lidija |last3=Haas |first3=Lidija |last4=Smith |first4=Jordan Michael |last5=Smith |first5=Jordan Michael |last6=Segall |first6=Pam |last7=Segall |first7=Pam |last8=Al-Agba |first8=Niran |last9=Al-Agba |first9=Niran |date=2021-08-18 |title=The New WikiLeaks |magazine=The New Republic |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/163106/ddossecrets-new-wikileaks-julian-assange |access-date=2022-03-06 |issn=0028-6583}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Distributed Denial of Secrets is picking up where WikiLeaks left off |url=https://www.mic.com/impact/distributed-denial-of-secrets-is-picking-up-where-wikileaks-left-off |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=Mic |date=October 21, 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":17">{{Cite web |last=Faife |first=Corin |date=2022-04-22 |title=They've leaked terabytes of Russian emails, but who's reading? |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/4/22/23036079/russian-emails-leaked-ddosecrets |access-date=2022-04-23 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref> it came to international attention for its June 2020 publication of internal police documents, known as [[BlueLeaks]]. The group has also published data on [[Russian oligarch]]s, [[Fascism|fascist]] groups, [[Shell corporation|shell companies]], [[tax haven]]s and banking in the [[Cayman Islands]], as well as data [[Parler#Content scraping|scraped from Parler in January 2021]] and from the [[Gab (social network)#Hacks and data leaks|February 2021 Gab leak]]. The group is also known for publishing emails from military officials, City Hall in Chicago and the [[Washington D.C. Metropolitan Police Department]].
The site is a frequent source for other news outlets.<ref name=":1" /> The site's leaks have resulted in or contributed to multiple government investigations, including the [[Second impeachment of Donald Trump|second impeachment of President Donald J. Trump]].<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=January 23, 2021 |title=A socialist 'hacktivist' has helped expose the platform used by both US rioters and UK government ministers {{!}} The Canary |url=https://www.thecanary.co/us/us-analysis/2021/01/23/a-socialist-hacktivist-has-helped-expose-the-platform-used-by-both-us-rioters-and-uk-government-ministers/ |access-date=2021-05-23 |website=www.thecanary.co}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web|date=2019-12-22|title=Tax authorities investigate new leaks incriminating Belgians|url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/news-contents/economic/85298/tax-authorities-investigate-new-leaks-incriminating-belgians/|access-date=2021-05-23|website=The Brussels Times|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web|date=2021-02-11|title=Videos used as evidence in impeachment trial gathered by anonymous 'hacktivist'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/trump-riot-videos-parler-impeachment-b1801019.html|access-date=2021-05-23|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref> During the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]], they were considered one of the best public repositories of all the Russian files leaked since the invasion began.<ref name=":18">{{Cite web |title=Hackers flood internet with what they say are Russian companies' files |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/security/hackers-flood-internet-say-are-russian-companies-files-rcna21853 |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=NBC News |date=April 5, 2022 |language=en}}</ref>▼
 
▲The site is a frequent source for other news outlets.<ref name=":1" /> The site's leaks have resulted in or contributed to multiple government investigations, including the [[Second impeachment of Donald Trump|second impeachment of President Donald J. Trump]].<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=January 23, 2021 |title=A socialist 'hacktivist' has helped expose the platform used by both US rioters and UK government ministers {{!}} The Canary |url=https://www.thecanary.co/us/us-analysis/2021/01/23/a-socialist-hacktivist-has-helped-expose-the-platform-used-by-both-us-rioters-and-uk-government-ministers/ |access-date=2021-05-23 |website=www.thecanary.co}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web|date=2019-12-22|title=Tax authorities investigate new leaks incriminating Belgians|url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/news-contents/economic/85298/tax-authorities-investigate-new-leaks-incriminating-belgians/|access-date=2021-05-23|website=The Brussels Times|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web|date=2021-02-11|title=Videos used as evidence in impeachment trial gathered by anonymous 'hacktivist'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/trump-riot-videos-parler-impeachment-b1801019.html|access-date=2021-05-23|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref> During the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]], they were considered one of the best public repositories of all the Russian files leaked since the invasion began.<ref name=":18">{{Cite web |title=Hackers flood internet with what they say are Russian companies' files |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/security/hackers-flood-internet-say-are-russian-companies-files-rcna21853 |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=NBC News |date=April 5, 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
 
== History ==
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==== Government responses ====
In 2019, the [[Congressional Research Service]] recognized Distributed Denial of Secrets as a transparency collective.<ref name=":6" /> In December 2019, politicians in Sweden and the UK, including anti-corruption chief [[John Penrose]] said that leaks published by Distributed Denial of Secrets showed the need for reforms on company creation and registration.<ref name=":82">{{Cite web |title=The British company that set up firms for international criminals — Finance Uncovered |url=https://financeuncovered.org/stories/the-british-company-that-set-up-firms-for-international-criminals |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=financeuncovered.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Greenwood |first=Christian Eriksson, David Brown, George |date=2023-12-24 |title=Formations House leak shows need for reforms on creating companies, anti-corruption chief says |language=en |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/formations-house-leaks-show-need-for-reforms-on-creating-companies-says-anti-corruption-chief-3jq6lbk22 |access-date=2023-12-24 |issn=0140-0460}}</ref> That month, [[Belgium|Belgian]] tax authorities initiated an investigation based on data published by DDoSecrets the prior month.<ref name=":922">{{Cite web |last=Hope |first=Alan |date=December 22, 2019 |title=Tax authorities investigate new leaks incriminating Belgians |url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/news-contents/economic/85298/tax-authorities-investigate-new-leaks-incriminating-belgians/ |access-date=May 23, 2021 |website=[[The Brussels Times]] |language=en}}</ref>
 
In 2020, the U.S. counterintelligence strategy described leaktivists and public disclosure organizations like Distributed Denial of Secrets as “significant threats,” alongside five countries, three terrorist groups, and “transnational criminal organizations.”<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=The National Counterintelligence Strategy of the United States of America 2020-2022|url=https://www.dni.gov/index.php/ncsc-features/2741-the-national-counterintelligence-strategy-of-the-united-states-of-america-2020-2020|access-date=2021-03-27|website=www.dni.gov}}</ref> A June 2020 bulletin created by the [[Department of Homeland Security]]'s Office of Intelligence and Analysis described them as a "criminal hacker group". Elements of the report were challenged as inaccurate by media such as ''[[The Verge]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Winston|first=Ali|date=2020-08-13|title=Feds are treating BlueLeaks organization as "a criminal hacker group", documents show|url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/8/13/21365448/blueleaks-dhs-distributed-denial-secrets-dds-ddosecrets-police|access-date=2021-03-03|website=The Verge}}</ref> On 3 July, German authorities seized a public server used by Distributed Denial of Secrets<ref>{{Cite web |last=Franceschi-Bicchierai |first=Lorenzo |date=2020-07-07 |title=Cops Seize Server that Hosted BlueLeaks, DDoSecrets Says |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/qj43xq/cops-seize-blueleaks-ddosecrets-server |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Vice |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=German authorities seize 'BlueLeaks' server that hosted data on US cops |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/german-authorities-seize-blueleaks-server-that-hosted-data-on-us-cops/ |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=ZDNET |language=en}}</ref> at the request of the US government.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Aaron |title=German authorities seized the servers that hosted BlueLeaks police files at the request of the US government |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/blueleaks-servers-seized-by-german-authorities-at-request-of-us-2020-7 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":23" /> The nextsame month, the [[Internal Revenue Service]] (IRS) recognized the group as a 501(c)(3) [[Nonprofit organization|non-profit]].<ref name=":3" /> ▼
 
In 2021, legislators in Maine introduced a bill to close the state's [[fusion center]] in response to [[BlueLeaks]] and whistleblower reports.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Speri |first=Alice |date=2021-04-21 |title=The Defund Police Movement Takes Aim at Fusion Centers and Mass Surveillance |url=https://theintercept.com/2021/04/21/maine-defund-police-fusion-centers-mass-surveillance/ |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=The Intercept |language=en-US}}</ref>
 
In 2022, law enforcement agencies in [[New York (state)|New York]], [[New Jersey]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]] and [[Oregon]] launched investigations into officers who appeared in the leaked Oath Keepers records published by DDoSecrets.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-03 |title=From law enforcement to a sitting state senator, nearly 300 New Hampshire names appear in Oath Keepers database |url=https://www.nhpr.org/nh-news/2022-03-03/oath-keepers-new-hampshire-police-officers-militia |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=New Hampshire Public Radio |language=en}}</ref>
▲In 2020, the U.S. counterintelligence strategy described leaktivists and public disclosure organizations like Distributed Denial of Secrets as “significant threats,” alongside five countries, three terrorist groups, and “transnational criminal organizations.”<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=The National Counterintelligence Strategy of the United States of America 2020-2022|url=https://www.dni.gov/index.php/ncsc-features/2741-the-national-counterintelligence-strategy-of-the-united-states-of-america-2020-2020|access-date=2021-03-27|website=www.dni.gov}}</ref> A June 2020 bulletin created by the [[Department of Homeland Security]]'s Office of Intelligence and Analysis described them as a "criminal hacker group". Elements of the report were challenged as inaccurate by media such as ''[[The Verge]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Winston|first=Ali|date=2020-08-13|title=Feds are treating BlueLeaks organization as "a criminal hacker group", documents show|url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/8/13/21365448/blueleaks-dhs-distributed-denial-secrets-dds-ddosecrets-police|access-date=2021-03-03|website=The Verge}}</ref> The next month, the [[Internal Revenue Service]] (IRS) recognized the group as a 501(c)(3) [[Nonprofit organization|non-profit]].<ref name=":3" />
 
In November 2023, governments including [[Cyprus]] president [[Nikos Christodoulides]] and European lawmakers began responding to the [[Cyprus Confidential]] findings in less than 24 hours after it was released,<ref name=":74">{{Cite web |date=2023-11-15 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations - ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=2023-12-14 |access-date=2023-12-24 |language=en-US}}</ref> calling for a crackdown on financial corruption<ref name=":20">{{Cite web |date=2023-11-23 |title=Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ’s Cyprus Confidential revelations - ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114123/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=2023-12-24 |access-date=2023-12-24 |language=en-US}}</ref> and launching criminal probes into allegations of money laundering.<ref name=":54">{{Cite web |date=2023-11-14 |title=Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies - ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214002320/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |archive-date=2023-12-14 |access-date=2023-12-24 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":75">{{Cite web |date=2023-11-15 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations - ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=2023-12-14 |access-date=2023-12-24 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":21">{{Cite web |last=Solutions |first=BDigital Web |title=Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential' |url=https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114126/https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |archive-date=2023-12-24 |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=knews.com.cy}}</ref>
 
==== Censorship ====
In June 2020, the organisation was banned from Twitter after publishing [[BlueLeaks]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Franceschi-Bicchierai |first=Lorenzo |date=2020-06-23 |title=Twitter Bans WikiLeaks-Style Website For Publishing ‘BlueLeaks’ Documents |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/y3zwyw/twitter-bans-ddosecrets-for-publishing-blueleaks-documents |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Vice |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Micah |date=2022-11-22 |title=Elon Musk’s “Free Speech” Twitter Is Still Censoring DDoSecrets |url=https://theintercept.com/2022/11/22/elon-musk-twitter-censor-ddosecrets/ |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=The Intercept |language=en-US}}</ref> In September 2023, [[The Intercept]] reported that access to the organization's website was blocked by [[Indonesia]] and [[Russia]] and censored by [[Twitter]] and [[Reddit]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Micah |date=2023-09-12 |title=Tech Companies and Governments Are Censoring the Journalist Collective DDoSecrets |url=https://theintercept.com/2023/09/12/ddosecrets-censorship-reddit-twitter/ |access-date=2023-10-08 |website=The Intercept |language=en-US}}</ref>
 
== Publications ==
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In January 2019, DDoSecrets published hundreds of gigabytes of hacked Russian documents and emails from pro-Kremlin journalists, [[Russian oligarchs|oligarchs]], and militias.<ref name=":24">{{Cite news |last=Poulsen |first=Kevin |date=January 24, 2019 |title=This Time It's Russia's Emails Getting Leaked |work=[[The Daily Beast]] |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/this-time-its-russias-emails-getting-leaked |access-date=February 21, 2021}}</ref>
 
In November 2019, DDoSecrets published over 2 terabytes of data from the Cayman National Bank and Trust. The files were provided by the hacktivist known as [[Phineas Fisher]], and included lists of the bank's [[Politically exposed person|politically exposed clients]]. The leak was used by researchers to study how elites use offshore banking.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Feidt |first1=Dan |last2=Martinez |first2=Freddy |date=November 17, 2019 |title=Massive Hack Strikes Offshore Cayman National Bank and Trust |url=https://unicornriot.ninja/2019/massive-hack-strikes-offshore-cayman-national-bank-and-trust/ |access-date=February 17, 2021 |website=[[Unicorn Riot]]}}</ref><ref name=":72">{{Cite web |last=Collin |first=Matthew |date=May 5, 2021 |title=The hacker, the tax haven, and what $200 million in offshore deposits can tell us about the fight against illicit wealth |url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2021/05/05/the-hacker-the-tax-haven-and-what-200-million-in-offshore-deposits-can-tell-us-about-the-fight-against-illicit-wealth/ |access-date=May 6, 2021 |website=[[Brookings Institution]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Collin |first=Matthew |date=May 5, 2021 |title=What lies beneath: Evidence from leaked account data on how elites use offshore banking |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/what-lies-beneath-evidence-from-leaked-account-data-on-how-elites-use-offshore-banking/ |access-date=May 6, 2021 |website=[[Brookings Institution]] |language=en-US}}</ref> In December 2019, DDoSecrets published "#29 Leaks" in partnership with the [[Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] and more than 20 outlets in 18 countries.<ref name="OCCRP2">{{Cite web |date=December 4, 2019 |title=#29Leaks: Inside a London Company Mill |url=https://www.occrp.org/en/29leaks/ |access-date=March 7, 2021 |website=[[Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] |language=en}}</ref> The 450 gigabytes of data came from Formations House (now The London Office), a "company mill" which registered and operated companies for clients included organized crime groups, state-owned oil companies, and fraudulent banks.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Suzanne |date=December 4, 2019 |title=The story behind the #29Leaks data dump |url=https://www.crikey.com.au/2019/12/04/29-leaks-story-background/ |access-date=February 17, 2021 |website=[[Crikey]]}}</ref><ref name=":42">{{Cite web |last=Hall |first=Kevin G. |date=December 5, 2019 |title=How #29Leaks differs from Panama Papers, other leaks |url=https://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/investigations/article238024734.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214155442/https://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/investigations/article238024734.html |archive-date=December 14, 2019 |access-date=February 17, 2017 |website=[[McClatchy#McClatchy DC Bureau|McClatchy DC Bureau]]}}</ref><ref name=":52">{{Cite web |last=Feidt |first=Dan |date=December 4, 2019 |title=Global Offshore Corporate Networks Exposed in Massive Data Leak |url=https://unicornriot.ninja/2019/global-offshore-corporate-networks-exposed-in-massive-data-leak/ |access-date=February 17, 2021 |website=[[Unicorn Riot]]}}</ref> The release was compared to both the [[Panama Papers]] and the [[Paradise Papers]].<ref name=":33">{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Suzanne |date=December 4, 2019 |title=The story behind the #29Leaks data dump |url=https://www.crikey.com.au/2019/12/04/29-leaks-story-background/ |access-date=February 17, 2021 |website=[[Crikey]]}}</ref><ref name=":43">{{Cite web |last=Hall |first=Kevin G. |date=December 5, 2019 |title=How #29Leaks differs from Panama Papers, other leaks |url=https://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/investigations/article238024734.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214155442/https://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/investigations/article238024734.html |archive-date=December 14, 2019 |access-date=February 17, 2017 |website=[[McClatchy#McClatchy DC Bureau|McClatchy DC Bureau]]}}</ref><ref name=":53">{{Cite web |last=Feidt |first=Dan |date=December 4, 2019 |title=Global Offshore Corporate Networks Exposed in Massive Data Leak |url=https://unicornriot.ninja/2019/global-offshore-corporate-networks-exposed-in-massive-data-leak/ |access-date=February 17, 2021 |website=[[Unicorn Riot]]}}</ref> [[Belgium|Belgian]] tax authorities initiated an investigation based on the Cayman bank and Formations House leaks.<ref name=":92">{{Cite web |last=Hope |first=Alan |date=December 22, 2019 |title=Tax authorities investigate new leaks incriminating Belgians |url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/news-contents/economic/85298/tax-authorities-investigate-new-leaks-incriminating-belgians/ |access-date=May 23, 2021 |website=[[The Brussels Times]] |language=en}}</ref>
 
In December 2019, DDoSecrets published "PacoLeaks" and "MilicoLeaks": data from [[Carabineros de Chile|Chilean military police]] and [[Military of Chile|military]]. PacoLeaks revealed police personnel data, extensive police files on activist groups and leaders, and evidence that the police had infiltrated activist groups<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pozo |first=Camila Rayen Huecho |date=November 8, 2019 |title=PacoLeaks Puts the Spotlight on the Police |url=https://chiletoday.cl/pacoleaks-puts-the-spotlight-on-the-police/ |access-date=April 24, 2022 |website=[[Chile Today]] |language=EN-US}}</ref> MilicoLeaks included details on [[Chilean Army|Chilean army]] intelligence, including operations, finance and international relations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Milicoleaks: Los contactos del Ejército chileno con ex miembros de la inteligencia israelí |url=http://verdadahora.cl/milicoleaks-los-contactos-del-ejercito-chileno-con-ex-miembros-de-la-inteligencia-israeli.html |access-date=February 17, 2021 |website=Verdad Ahora |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Franceschi-Bicchierai |first=Lorenzo |date=March 26, 2020 |title=Phineas Fisher Says They Paid $10,000 Bounty to Person Who Hacked Chilean Military |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/wxeykb/phineas-fisher-says-they-paid-dollar10000-bounty-to-person-who-hacked-chilean-military |access-date=April 24, 2022 |website=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]] |language=en}}</ref>
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