Editing Glossary of entomology terms

{{short description|List of definitions of terms and concepts commonly used in the study of entomology}}
[[Image:Butterfly parts.svg|thumb|300px|{{center|Parts of an adult butterfly}}]]
This glossary of '''[[entomology]]''' describes terms used in the formal study of [[insect]] [[species]] by [[entomology|entomologist]]s.
[[File:Rove Beetle sp.^ Staphylinidae - Flickr - gailhampshire.jpg|thumb|When present, [[elytra]] of the [[Staphylinidae]] are markedly '''abbreviate.''']]
[[File:Scaptomyza (29599788132).jpg|thumb|This fly in the genus ''Scaptomyza'' has clearly visible rows of [[Sagittal plane|para-sagittal]] '''acrostichal bristles''' on its thorax]]
[[File:Alitrunk of aculeate Hymenoptera.jpg|thumb|the '''alitrunk''' of [[aculeate Hymenoptera]] comprises the three thoracic segments, plus the [[propodeum]], which strictly speaking, is the first segment of the abdomen.]]
==A–C==
{{Glossary}}

{{term|term= abbreviate(d)}}{{defn|1= (adjective) Of an [[Organ (biology)|organ]] or [[Limb (anatomy)|member]]: markedly or unexpectedly short in [[Body shape|proportion]] to the rest of the body}}

{{term|term= abdomen |content= [[Abdomen#Invertebrates|abdomen]] }}{{defn|1= Body of the insect, toward the [[Posterior (anatomy)|posterior]] of the thorax.}}

{{term|term= abdominal feet}}{{defn|1= See [[Glossary of entomology terms#proleg|proleg]]}}

{{term|term= Acalyptrata}}{{defn|1= See [[Acalyptratae]]}}

{{term|term= acanthus|content= [[Glossary of entomology terms#acanthus|acanthus]] }}{{defn|1= thorn-like projection, typically a single-celled cuticular growth without tormogen (socket) or sensory cells.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1= Gordh|editor-first1= Gordon |editor-last2=  Headrick|editor-first2= David |date= 2011|title= A dictionary of entomology|journal= Nature |volume= 91 |issue= 2267 |location= United Kingdom|publisher= Wallingford, Oxfordshire [u.a.] CABI 2011|page= 8|isbn= 9781845935429 |editor-link1= Gordon Gordh|bibcode= 1913Natur..91S.134. |doi= 10.1038/091134c0 |s2cid= 3947767 |oclc= 1038886039 }}</ref>}}

{{term|term= acaricide |content= [[acaricide]] }}{{defn|1= A chemical employed to kill and control mites and ticks.}}

{{term|term= acariphagous |content= acariphagous }}{{defn|1= feeding on mites (also refers to parasitoids of mites).}}

{{term|term= accessory gland |content= accessory gland }}{{defn|1= Any secondary gland of the glandular system.}}
{{Redirect|Accessory gland|the accessory glands of the human male|Male accessory gland}}

{{term|term= accessory pulsatile organs |content= accessory pulsatile organs (APOs) {{anchor|APOs}} }}{{defn|1= Small muscular pumps and the veins that accompany them that pump [[hemolymph]] into the wings.}}

{{term|term= acetyl choline |content= [[acetyl choline]] }}{{defn|1= Alternative spelling of "[[acetylcholine]]".}}

{{term|term= acrostichal bristles |content= acrostichal bristles }}{{defn|1= The two rows of hairs or bristles lying one on either side of the mid-line of the thorax of a true fly.}}

{{term|term= active space |content= active space }}{{defn|1= The space within which the concentration of a pheromone or other behaviorally active substance is concentrated enough to generate the required response, remembering that like light and sound pheromones become more dilute the further they radiate out from their source.}}

{{term|term= aculeate |content= [[aculeate]] }}{{defn|1= (Hymenoptera) Any member of a group of families that include the familiar stinging ants, bees, and social and hunting wasp.}}

{{term|term= acuminate |content= acuminate }}{{defn|1= Tapering to a long point.}}

{{term|term= acylurea |content= [[acylurea]] }}{{defn|1= A class of insect growth regulators.}}

{{term|term= adecticous |content= adecticous }}{{defn|1= Of pupa: the state in which the pupa does not possess movable mandibles, the opposite being ''decticous''.}}

{{term|term= adipocytes |content= [[adipocyte]]s }}{{defn|1= A major cell type of insects that stores fat body and reserves nutrients.}}

{{term|term= admarginal |content= admarginal }}{{defn|1= (adjective): Along the margin.}}

{{term|term= aedeagus |content= [[aedeagus]] }}{{defn|1= The sclerotized terminal portion of the male genital tract that is inserted into the female during insemination. Its shape is often important in separating closely related species.}}

{{term|term= aestivation |content= [[aestivation]] }}{{defn|1= Summer dormancy, entered into when conditions are unfavourable for active life i.e. it is too hot or too dry.}}

{{term|term= age polyethism |content= [[age polyethism]] }}{{defn|1= The regular changing of roles of colony members as they get older.}}

{{term|term= air sac |content= [[Pulmonary alveolus|air sac]] }}{{defn|1= A dilated portion of a trachea.}}

{{term|term= alar squama |content= alar squama }}{{defn|1= The middle of three flap-like outgrowths at the base of the wing in various flies.}}

{{term|term= alary muscles |content= alary muscles }}{{defn|1= Muscles along the dorsal diaphragm that may drive circulation.}}

{{term|term= alata |content= alata }}{{defn|1= The parthenogenetic winged morph of vividae, specialized for migration.}}

{{term|term= alate |content= [[alate]] }}{{defn|1= Winged; having wings.}}

{{term|term= aldrin |content= [[aldrin]]}} A synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide, toxic to vertebrates. Though its [[phytotoxicity]] is low, solvents in some formulations may damage certain crops. cf. the related [[Dieldrin]], [[Endrin]], [[Isodrin]]

{{term|term= algophagy |content= algophagy {{anchor|algophagous}} }}{{defn|1= Feeding on [[algae]].}}

{{term|term= alitrunk |content= [[alitrunk]] }}{{defn|1= Name given to the thorax plus propodeum of 'wasp-waisted' [[aculeate Hymenoptera]] The term is now dated, and seldom used, but it describes the apparent "thorax" of bees, wasps, and ants, which actually incorporates the first abdominal segment, which precedes the petiole.}}

{{term|term= alloparental |content= [[Alloparenting]] }}{{defn|1= When individuals other than the parent assist in the caring for that parents offspring. Alloparenting takes many forms, including castes in social insects raising the offspring of reproductives, and slave ant workers feeding the larvae of the slaver species.}}

{{term|term= allopatric |content= [[Allopatric speciation|allopatric]] }}{{defn|1= Refers to the state when two or more populations, such as different species, or forms of one species have essentially separate distributions. cf. [[Sympatry|sympatry]], [[Parapatry|parapatric]]}}

{{term|term= alternating generations |content= [[Alternation of generations|alternating generation]]s }}{{defn|1= When two generations are produced within a life cycle each producing individuals of only one sex, either male first and then female or vice versa.}}

{{term|term= altruistic |content= altruistic }}{{defn|1= Self-destructive. or potentially self-destructive behavior performed for the benefit of others.}}

{{term|term= alula |content= [[Morphology of Diptera|alula]] }}{{defn|1= A broad lobe at the proximal posterior margin of the wing stalk of Diptera. Also termed the axillary lobe.}}

{{term|term= ambrosia |content= [[ambrosia]] }}{{defn|1= The fungus cultivated by wood-boring beetles of the family Scolytidae.}}

{{term|term= Ametabola |content= [[Apterygota|Ametabola]] }}{{defn|1= Originally: The now obsolete subclass of [[Hexapoda]] that develop without clearly defined stages of metamorphosis, such as nymph, larva, pupa, adult; namely the [[Thysanura]], [[Protura]], [[Diplura]], and [[Springtail|Collembola]]. Also known as the [[Apterygota]]. Subsequently the others have been reclassified as separate from the [[Insecta]], while the Thysanura have been split into the orders [[Archaeognatha]] and [[Zygentoma]]}}

{{term|term= amide |content= [[amide]] }}{{defn|1= Compound derived from carboxylic acids by replacing the hydroxyl of the -COOH by the amino group, -NH<sub>2</sub>-.}}

{{term|term= amine |content= [[amine]] }}{{defn|1= An organic compound containing nitrogen, derived from ammonia, NH<sub>3</sub>, by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms by as many hydrocarbon radicals.}}

{{term|term= amino acid |content= [[amino acid]] }}{{defn|1= Organic compounds that contain the amino (NH<sub>2</sub>) group and the carboxyl (COOH) group. Amino acids are the "building stones" of proteins.}}

{{term|term= ammonia |content= [[ammonia]] }}{{defn|1= A colorless alkaline gas, NH<sub>3</sub>, soluble in water.}}

{{term|term= anal |content= anal }}{{defn|1= Pertaining to last abdominal segment which bears the anus.}}

{{term|term= anal angle |content= anal angle }}{{defn|1= The posterior corner of the wing (same as ''tornus'').}}

{{term|term= anal fold |content= [[anal fold]] }}{{defn|1= A fold in the inner margin of the hindwing.}}

{{term|term= anal valves |content= anal valves }}{{defn|1= Exposed claspers at the end of the abdomen.}}

{{term|term= anaplasmosis |content= [[anaplasmosis]] }}{{defn|1= Infection with Anaplasma, a genus of Sporozoa that infests red blood cells.}}

{{term|term= anasa wilt |content= anasa wilt }}{{defn|1= A wilt disease of cucurbits caused solely by the feeding of the squash bug, no parasitic microorganism involved.}}

{{term|term= androconia |content= [[androconia]] }}{{defn|1= (singula = Androconium) In male butterflies, specialised wing scales (often called scent scales) possessing special glands which produce a chemical attractive to females.}}

{{term|term= androconium |content= [[androconium]] or androconia (plural) {{anchor|androconia}} }}{{defn|1= Specialised microscopic scales on the wings of male butterflies, believed to be scent scales for attracting the female.}}

{{term|term= annulate |content= [[annulate]] }}{{defn|1= Formed in ring-like segments or with ring-like markings.}}
[[File:Antennae ctb.png|260px|thumb|right|{{center|Butterfly antennae shapes}}]]

{{term|term= anemic |content= anemic }}{{defn|1= Deficient in blood quantity or quality.}}

{{term|term= anteclypeus |content= anteclypeus }}{{defn|1= the lower (anterior) portion of the [[Clypeus (arthropod anatomy)|clypeus]] of insects.}}

{{term|term= antenna |content= [[Antenna (biology)|antennae]] }}{{defn|1= The long feelers situated on the head and close to the eyes. They are however not tactile but used for detecting airborne scents and currents.
* In [[Papilionoidea]] the antennae end in bulging tips called clubs.
* In [[Hesperioidea]] they have hooked tips and the club is found just before the tip.
* In some [[Lycaenidae]] like the genus ''[[Liphyra]]'' the antenna tapers gradually.}}

{{term|term= antennation |content= [[antennation]] }}{{defn|1= Touching with the antenna.}}

{{term|term= antenniferous |content= [[antenniferous]] }}{{defn|1= Bearing antennae, as in "''antenniferous tubercle''".}}

{{term|term= antennomere |content= [[antennomere]] }}{{defn|1= A segment of an [[Antenna (biology)|antenna]]. The term antennomere is used in particular when the segments are fairly uniform, as in [[wikt:Special:Search/filiform|filiform]] antennae, but it also may be used in referring to segments of odd sizes, shapes and functions, such as the scape and pedicel. More specific terms may be used where there are distinct antennal regions; for example flagellomeres are the antennomeres comprising the flagellum.}}

{{term|term= anterior |content= [[anterior]] }}{{defn|1= in front of or after the aforementioned structure.}}

{{term|term= antenodal veins |content= antenodal veins }}{{defn|1= Small cross-veins at the front of the dragonfly or damselfly wing, between the wing base and the nodus.}}

{{term|term= anthophagy |content= anthophagy }}{{defn|1= feeding on flowers.}}

{{term|term= antibiosis |content= [[antibiosis]] }}{{defn|1= An association between two or more organisms that is detrimental to one or more of them.}}

{{term|term= anticoagulin |content= anticoagulin }}{{defn|1= A substance antagonistic to the coagulation of blood.}}

{{term|term= anus |content= [[anus]] }}{{defn|1= The posterior opening of the digestive tract.}}

{{term|term= apex |content= apex / apical area }}{{defn|1= The anterior corner of the wing.}}

{{term|term= apical cell |content= apical cell}}{{defn|1= The first posterior cell in the wing of Diptera. It is the space between the third and fourth longitudinal vein beyond the anterior crossvein (R5).}}

{{term|term= aphidophagy |content= aphidophagy }}{{defn|1= feeding on aphids (and parasitoids of aphids).}}

{{term|term= apitherapy |content= [[apitherapy]] }}{{defn|1= Medicinal use of the honey bee or its products.}}

{{term|term= Apterygota|content= [[Apterygota]] }}{{defn|1= Originally an alternate name for the then recognised subclass [[Apterygota|Ametabola]] }}

{{term|term= arculus |content= arculus }}{{defn|1= A crossvein between the radius and cubitus near the base of the wing in certain insects.}}

{{term|term=areola|content=areola}}{{defn|1=A small ring of color|no=1}}{{defn|1=In crayfish, the hourglass pattern on the dorsal surface of the cephalothorax|no=2}}<ref name="Wigney">{{cite web|last1=Wigney|first1=Bev|title=a crayfish primer|url=http://magickcanoe.com/blog/?p=428|website=magickcanoe.com Blog|access-date=7 December 2017|location=Ontario|language=en|date=13 March 2007|quote=the areola (the hourglass shaped lines on the crayfish’s “back”)}}</ref>

{{term|term= arolium |content=arolium}}{{defn|1= A pad-like median lobe between the tarsal claws.}}

{{term|term= base |content= base / basal area of wing }}{{defn|1= Region close to the point of attachment to the thorax.}}

{{term|term= basal streak|content= basal streak (Noctuidae)}}{{defn|1= also basal dash — a typically short and broad line at the mid-basal area of the forewing of noctuid moths.See figures 4, 5 }}

{{term|term= brand |content= brand }}{{defn|1= Raised area on the wing surface, circular, ovate, or elongated, which is covered with special scent scales or ''androconia'', found in males of some species. Also called '''sex mark'''.}}

{{term|term= bryophagy |content= bryophagy }}{{defn|1= feeding on moss.}}
[[File:Distinction between clavate and capitate anatomy of insect antennae.jpg|thumb|Distinction between clavate and capitate anatomy of insect antennae]]
{{term|term= capitate |content= capitate}}
{{defn|1= Mainly referring to antennae, but occasionally to other anatomical features such as palps: having a clubbed shape with a relatively long, slender stem, but with an abruptly bulkier, thicker, possibly globular [[Anatomical terms of location|distal]] head, the ''capitulum''. The term ''capitate'' is not strictly distinguished from ''clavate'', but where a distinction is desired, it is that the club of a capitate antenna is abruptly distinct from the shaft, and the head tends to be short and more or less globular. The club of a clavate antenna generally is a more or less tapered thickening, sometimes hardly distinct from the shaft.}}

{{term|term= capitulum |content= capitulum}}
{{defn|1= The ''head'' of a ''capitate'' structure, such as a capitate antenna, or of a capitate [[haltere]]}}

{{term|term= carina |content= carina {{anchor|Carina}}}}{{defn|1= a keel-like elevation (or ridge) on the body-wall of an insect.}}

{{term|term= carpophagy |content= carpophagy }}{{defn|1= feeding on fruits and seeds.}}

{{term|term= catenulate |content= catenulate }}{{defn|1= Markings consisting of rings connected together like a chain.}}
* {{term|term= catenulated antennae }}{{defn|1= Antennae with ringed appearance.}}

{{term|term= cell |content= cell }}{{defn|1= The central area surrounded by veins. It can be closed by veins or open.
* The vein forming the boundary of the cell along the costal margin is known as the subcostal vein ''q.v''.
* The vein forming the lower boundary towards the dorsum is called the [[median vein]].
* In the case of butterflies, the cell is closed by a vein connecting the origins of veins 6 to 4 along the top of the cell which is known as [[discocellular vein]].}}

{{term|cell cup |content= cell cup }}{{defn|1= Taxonomically important term used in Diptera [[identification key]]s. Part of the schema of wing venation. Also called the posterior cubital cell and often called the anal cell. see [[:File:Phytomyzinae wing veins-1.svg]]}}
{{term|term= central shade or median shade}} {{defn|1=Taxonomically important term used in moth description. It is a transverse band in the median area of the wing. See figures 4, 5}}

{{term|term= ceratophagy |content= ceratophagy (Also spelled keratophagy) }}{{defn|1= feeding on cornified tissues and hair of animals.}}

{{term|term= cervix |content= cervix }}{{defn|1= (Anatomical feature) the structure defining the neck of the insect.}}

{{term|term= chaeta |content= chaeta }}{{defn|1= See Seta.}}

{{term|term= chaetosema (plural: chaetosemata) |content= chaetosema  }}{{defn|1= patch of sensory bristles.}}

{{term|term= chalaza |content= chalaza}}{{defn|1= An external spine that has a single point. Etymology: Greek ''chalasa'', a tubercle. cf. ''scolus'', which has multiple points.}}

{{term|term= cheta |content= cheta }}{{defn|1= See Seta.}}

{{term|term= cilia |content= cilia }}{{defn|1= Fine hairs along the edges of the wing. Etymology: Latin 'eyelash'<ref>Mosby’s Medical, Nursing and Allied Health Dictionary, Fourth Edition, Mosby-Year Book Inc., 1994, p. 336</ref>}}

{{term|term= clasp |content= [[clasper]] or clasp {{anchor|clasper}} }}{{defn|1= A structure in male insects that is used to hold the female during copulation.}}

[[File:Antenna clavate.jpg|thumb|Clavate antenna of a beetle in the family [[Erotylidae]]. In this specimen the ''clavus'' comprises three segments]]
{{term|term= clava |content= clava}}
{{defn|1= Same as ''clavus''.}}

{{Anchor|clavate}}{{term|term= clavate |content= clavate}}
{{defn|1= Mainly referring to antennae, but occasionally to other anatomical features such as palps: having a clubbed shape with a relatively long, slender stem, but with a bulkier, thicker [[Anatomical terms of location|distal]] end, the ''clava''. The term ''clavate'' is not strictly distinguished from ''capitate'', but in general, where a distinction is desired, the club of a capitate antenna is abruptly distinct, even globular, whereas the club of a clavate antennae is generally a more or less tapered thickening}}

{{term|term= claviform stigma|content= claviform stigma }} {{defn|1= specifically, in Noctuidae (moths)- an
elongate spot or mark extending from the anterior transverse anterior line through the [[submedian]] interspace, toward and sometimes to the posterior transverse line.See figures 4, 5}}

{{term|term= clavola |content= clavola}}
{{defn|1= Same as ''clavus'' or ''club''}}

{{term|term= clavus |content= clavus}}
{{defn|no=1|1= The thicker distal end of a clavate anatomical structure such as an antenna. Usually comprising more than one joint. Also called clava, clavola, or club}}
{{defn|no=2|1= The [[Anatomical terms of location|posterior]] of the portion of the [[remigium]] found on insect wings.}}
{{defn|no=3|1= The oblong sclerite at the base of the [[Anatomical terms of location|inferior]] margin of the [[hemelytron]] in [[Heteroptera]].}}
{{defn|no=4|1= The knob at the end of the stigmal or radial veins in the wings of certain [[Hymenoptera]].}}

{{term|term= club |content= club }}{{defn|1= The popular (possibly to be preferred) name for the clavus of a clavate antenna.}}

{{term|term= clypeus |content= [[Clypeus (arthropod anatomy)|clypeus]] }}{{defn|1= (Anatomical feature) a sclerite structure below the [[#frons|frons]], circumposed by the mandibles and above the [[#labrum|labrum]].}}

{{term|term= coccidophagy |content= coccidophagy }}{{defn|1= feeding on scale insects (and parasitoids of scale insects).}}
[[Image:Butterfly wing terms.svg|right|thumb|360px|{{center|Terms associated with the wings}}]]

{{term|term= compound eye |content= [[compound eye]] }}{{defn|1= An eye consisting of a large number of individual photoreceptor units or ommatidia (ommatidium, singular).Figure 2 d below}}

{{term|term= connexivum |content= [[connexivum|connexivum or connexiva (plural)]] }}{{defn|1= (largely in Heteroptera and similarly dorsoventrally flattened insects) the edge of the abdomen, containing the connection between the tergite and sternite. May be visible from above in species such as many of the Reduviidae.}}

{{term|term= copromycetophagy |content= copromycetophagy }}{{defn|1= inhabiting feces and consuming mycetes growing inside or cultivating them for feeding.}}

{{term|term= coprophagy |content= [[coprophagy]] }}{{defn|1= feeding on the excrements of animals.}}

{{anchor|Costa}}
{{term|term= costa |content= costa / costal area}}{{defn|1= The leading edge of the wing.}}

{{term|costal break|content= [[Morphology of Diptera|costal break]]}}{{defn|1= Taxonomically important term used in Diptera [[identification key]]s. Part of the schema of wing venation. weakenings of the costa (one to three in number). They are flexing points for the wings during flight}}

{{term|term= costal fold |content= costal fold}}{{defn|1= A fold in the leading edge of the forewing of  [[Lepidoptera]], containing androconia.}}

{{term|term= coronal suture |content= [[coronal suture]] }}{{defn|1= (Anatomical feature) an anterior suture line of the head between the compound eyes, below the median ocellus.}}

{{term|term= coxa |content= [[Arthropod leg#Insects|coxa]] }}{{defn|1= first leg segment, between ''body'' and ''trochanter''.}}
[[File:Griposia aprilina 03 (HS).jpg|thumb|Cremaster of pupa of the oak owl moth, ''Griposia aprilina'']]
{{term|term= cremaster |content= cremaster }}{{defn|1= A general term for a structure by which an object hangs (from Greek language ''kremastos'', meaning "hung up"); for example in entomology:<br />
in some Lepidoptera, including most butterflies, the pupa attaches to a surface by the cremaster, a structure at the tip of the pupal abdomen. The cremaster is the homologue of the anal plate of the caterpillar. It takes various forms in different species, ranging from a simple point, to various arrangements of hooks that catch [[Velcro]]-like in a silken pad that the [[caterpillar]] spins on the surface before it enters the [[pupa|prepupa]]l phase.}}

{{term|term= crenulate |content= crenulate }}{{defn|1= Adjective = [[wikt:crenulate|scalloped]]. Describes the outer edge of a wing that is convex at the end of each vein and concave in between.}}

{{term|term= cuneus |content= cuneus }}{{defn|1= Noun = [[wikt:cuneus|wedge]]. Particularly in [[miridae|mirid]] bugs, a wedge-shaped section of the [[hemelytron|hemelytra]] (forewings), located at the apex of the thick, leathery part of the wings.}}
{{Glossary end}}

==D–F==
{{Glossary}}

{{term|term= decticous |content= decticous }}{{defn|1= Functional mandibles present in pupal state.}}

{{term|term= dendrophagy |content= dendrophagy }}{{defn|1= feeding on trees.}}

{{term|term= dentate |content= dentate }}{{defn|1= As for ''crenulate'' but with the projections at the end of each wing being toothlike.}}

{{term|term= detritophagy |content= detritophagy }}{{defn|1= feeding on ground remains of plants and animals.}}

{{term|term= dieldrin |content= [[dieldrin]]}} A synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide, toxic to vertebrates.  cf. the related [[Aldrin]], [[Endrin]], [[Isodrin]]

{{term|term= disc |content= disc / discal area }}{{defn|1= The central band passing through the cell.}}

{{term|term= discoidal cell |content= discoidal cell }}{{defn|1= In damselflies ([[Zygoptera]]) a basal quadrangular cell in the [[wing venation]], which is delimited by veins MA (anterior side), MP (posterior side), MAb (distal side) and the arculus (basal side).}}

{{term|term= dorsum |content= [[Dorsum (anatomy)|dorsum]] / dorsal area }}{{defn|1= The trailing edge or hind-margin of the wing, extending from the ''base'' to the ''tornus''. ''Dorsal'' alternately, also refers to the back, i.e. the upper part of the body, from above.}}

{{term|term= ectognathous |content= ectognathous }}{{defn|1= (Anatomical feature) having exterior mouthparts, or exposed. A defining feature of insects.}}

{{term|elytron|content= elytron}}{{defn|1= (Anatomical feature) the modified, hardened forewing of certain insect orders, notably [[beetle]]s (Coleoptera) and some of the true bugs ([[Hemiptera]]).}}

[[File:Oman beetle.jpg|thumb|{{center|Beetle in the family [[Cerambycidae]] with conspicuous emargination of the compound eye (black) where it extends partway round the base of the antenna}}]]
{{term|emarginate|content= emarginate}}{{defn|1= (Anatomical feature) Describing a margin, such as the edge of an eye or sclerite, where the outline includes a concave section as if a part of the region had been "cut out" or displaced. It might take the form of a notch, or a rounded or possibly quadrate hollow, such as where a compound eye is distorted in fitting around the base of the antenna.}}

{{term|empodium|content= empodium}}{{defn|1= (Anatomical feature) either a bristle-like or pad-like structure between the tarsal claws of various insects, notably [[Fly|Diptera]].}}

{{term|term= encapsulation |content= encapsulation }}{{defn|1= the immuno response by plasmatocytes to the presence of parasitoid egg or larvae which results in the formation of a multilayered capsule that causes the parasitoid to sufficate or starve.}}

{{term|term= Endrin |content= [[Endrin]]}} A synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide, toxic to vertebrates. Though its [[phytotoxicity]] is low, solvents in some formulations may damage certain crops. cf. the related [[Dieldrin]], [[Aldrin]], [[Isodrin]]

{{term|term= entomonecrophagy |content= entomonecrophagy }}{{defn|1= feeding on dead arthropods.}}

{{term|term= entomophagy |content= [[entomophagy]] }}{{defn|1= feeding on other insects.}}

{{term|term= epicranius |content= [[epicranius]] }}{{defn|1= (Anatomical feature) the top of the anterior structure of the head, or forehead.}}

{{term|term= epiproct |content= epiproct }}{{defn|1= (Anatomical feature) a plate or projection dorsal to the anus in certain insects, generally on abdominal segment X or XI. For example in [[Archaeognatha]], [[Zygentoma]] and [[Ephemeroptera]], it takes the form of a long, rearwardly directed [[caudal filament]] resembling the two cerci that flank it. In the [[Odonata]] epiprocts have various functions, both in larvae, in which they may have respiratory roles, and in adults, in which they may have reproductive roles. Not all epiprocts in all insect species are homologous. Note that the term is used in other groups than insects as well, for instance [[Myriapoda]].}}

{{term|term= erect |content= erect }}{{defn|1= The ''palpi'' when vertical, i.e. the axis of the palpi is at right angles to the axis of the body.}}

{{term|term=exarate|content=[[Holometabolism|exarate]]}} {{defn|1= Pupae with their legs and other appendages free and extended.}}
[[File:Flickr - ggallice - Xylophanes tersa.jpg|thumb|{{center|Larva of a species in the family Sphingidae. The large eyespots on the back have no function concerning vision at all; when threatened, the caterpillar retracts its head, leaving the spots resembling either a threat, or as a more tempting target than the vulnerable head. The stemmata are visible as an arc of about four tiny spots slightly lateral to, and above the mouthparts. They are inconspicuous and do have a visual function.}}]]

{{term|term= ocelli |content= [[Eyespot (mimicry)|eyespots]] {{anchor|eyespot}}}}
{{defn|no=1|1= Spots or other patterns resembling vertebrate eyes on the skin, such as on larvae of some Sphingidae or the wings of moths such as many [[Saturniidae]]. Such eyespots have no visual function, but act variously to misdirect or discourage attacks from predators.}} {{defn|no=2|1= Simple eyes such as [[Simple eye in invertebrates#Ocelli or eye spots|ocelli]] or [[Simple eye in invertebrates#Stemmata|stemmata]]}}

{{term|term= face |content= face }} {{defn|1= the area between the base of antennae, oral margin, eyes and cheeks (gena). See figure 3.}}

{{term|term= fascia |content= fascia (plural fasciae) }}{{defn|1= A color pattern with a broad band.}}

{{term|term= femur |content= [[Arthropod leg#Insects|femur]] }}{{defn|1= third leg segment, between ''trochanter'' and ''tibia''.}}

{{term|term= flagellomere|content= flagellomere}} {{defn|1= an antennomere comprising part of the flagellum.}}

{{term|term= flagellum|content= flagellum}} {{defn|1=the part of the antenna distal to the pedicel composed of one or more segments, called flagellomeres.}}

{{term|term= foramen magnum |content= [[foramen magnum]] }}{{defn|1= (Anatomical feature) the posterior opening of the head capsule, covered by the cervix.}}

{{term|term= forewing|content= forewing}} {{defn|1= (Anatomical feature) the pair of wings of a four-winged insect closest to the head.}}

{{term|term= fovea|content= fovea}} {{defn|1= small, pit-like structure in the exoskeleton.}}

{{term|term= frons |content= [[frons]] }}{{defn|1= (Anatomical feature) The frontal area of an insect's head. It covers the upper part of the face above the [[Clypeus (arthropod anatomy)|clypeus]] and below and between the [[Antenna (biology)|antenna]]e. It supports the pharyngeal dilator muscles and usually bears an ocellus.}}

{{term|term= frontal sutures |content= frontal sutures }}{{defn|1= (Anatomical feature) suture lines that meet with the coroanl sutures to form an inverted Y.}}

{{Glossary end}}

==G–L==
{{Glossary}}
[[File:Coreus marginatus dos.jpg|thumb|{{center|A "true" bug, order Hemiptera, with '''geniculate''' antennae}}]]
{{term|term= gena |content= gena }}{{defn|1= (Anatomical feature) the area below the compound eyes, the insect equivalent to human cheeks.}}
{{term|term= [[wikt:geniculate|geniculate]] |content= geniculate }}{{defn|1= Elbowed. From the Latin for a bended knee, referring to an organ of a type not always expected to be kinked, but having a definite angular bend or hinge. In entomology the term typically refers to an elbowed antenna. For instance, many species of Hemiptera, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera have markedly geniculate antennae}}

{{term|term= girdle |content= girdle }}{{defn|1= a strand of silk used to prop up the pupa. Found especially in the [[Papilionidae]].}}

{{term|term= glabrous|content= glabrous}} {{defn|1= smooth, without hairs or scales.}}

{{term|term= gula|content= gula}} {{defn|1= ventral head sclerite which supports the submentum}}

{{term|term= helminthophagy |content= helminthophagy }}{{defn|1= feeding on worms classified with [[helminth]]s (including parasitoids of helminths).}}

{{term|term= hemocoel |content= [[hemocoel]] }}{{defn|1= the interior of the insects anatomy, including all organs and hemocyte.}}

{{term|term= hemocyte |content= [[hemocyte]] or haemolymph {{anchor|haemolymph}} }}{{defn|1= a fluid in the [[circulatory system]] of insects containing nutrients, fat, water, etc.}}

{{term|term= hemophagy |content= [[hemophagy]] }}{{defn|1= feeding on blood.}}

{{term|term= herbiphagy |content= herbiphagy}} {{defn|1= feeding on [[herbaceous plant]]s.}}

{{term|term= hindwing |content= hindwing}} {{defn|1= (Anatomical feature) the pair of wings of a four-winged insect furthest from the head.}}

{{term|term= hyaline |content= [[hyaline]] }}{{defn|1= transparent, like glass.}}

{{term|term= hygropetric|content= hygropetric }} {{defn|1= mode of life: living in the thin film of water on wet rocks.}}
[[File:Leptynoma sericea Worm lion fly 6168.jpg|thumb|{{center|A fly in the family Vermileonidae, using its '''hypognathous''' proboscis to extract nectar from florets.}}]]
{{term|term= hypognathous |content= hypognathous }}{{defn|1= having mouthparts that are [[Anatomical terms of location#Prefixes, suffixes, and other modifiers|ventrad]] of a vertically oriented head, "pointing downwards", or having an "under bit", instead of pointing backwards or forwards.}}

{{term|term= hypopharynx|content=[[Arthropod mouthparts|hypopharynx]]}} {{defn|1=Mouthpart. A tonguelike lobe on the floor of the mouth.}}

{{term|term= idiobiont |content= [[idiobiont]] }}{{defn|1= a form of parasitism where the parasitoid paralyzes or leaves the host unable to continue development at [[oviposition]].}}

{{term|term= imago | content=[[imago]] }}{{defn|1=(plural is usually '''imagines''') The final, or adult, stage in metamorphosis.}}

[[File:Anoplocnemis species Coreidae Adult male IMG 5381.jpg|thumb|Coreidae: adult male Anoplocnemis with '''incrassate''' posterior femur]]
{{term|term= incrassate  }}{{defn|1=localised thickening of a member such as an antenna or leg.}}

{{term|term= interspace |content= interspace }}{{defn|1= The region between adjacent veins.}}

{{term|term= irrorated |content= irrorated or irroration {{anchor|irroration}} }}{{defn|1= Old term used usually to indicate a sprinkling of scales interspersed among scales typically of a different color.}}

{{term|term= Isodrin |content= [[Isodrin]]}} A synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide, toxic to vertebrates. Though its [[phytotoxicity]] is low, solvents in some formulations may damage certain crops. cf. the related [[Dieldrin]], [[Aldrin]], [[Endrin]]

{{term|term= keratophagy |content= keratophagy (Also spelt ceratophagy) {{anchor|ceratophagy}} }}{{defn|1= feeding on cornified tissues and hair of animals.}}

{{term|term= koinobiont |content= [[koinobiont]] }}{{defn|1= A form of parasitoidy where the parasitoid lives inside the host while allowing it to live after oviposition.}}

[[File:Oberea linearis detail.jpg|thumb|{{center|Head of a beetle in the family Cerambycidae; showing the '''labrum''' in red, below the clypeus in blue}}]]
{{term|term=labium|content=[[Insect mouthparts#Labium|labium]]}} {{defn|1= Mouthpart forming the lower lip. Bears the labial palps.}}

{{term|term= labrum |content= [[Labrum (arthropod mouthpart)|labrum]] }}{{defn|1= (Anatomical feature) the anterior structure below the [[Clypeus (arthropod anatomy)|clypeus]] covering some of the mouthparts, sometimes called the "upper lip".}}
[[Image:InsectLeg.svg|thumb|{{center|Diagram of an insect leg}}]]
{{term|term= lichenophagy |content= lichenophagy }}{{defn|1= feeding on lichens.}}

{{term|term= lines (moth)|content= lines (moth) }} {{defn|1= transverse line markings on the wings of moths, mainly Noctuidae-  basal line; inner line;  outer line; submarginal line.See figures 4, 5}}

{{term|term= lines of weakness |content= lines of weakness }}{{defn|1= (Anatomical feature) the suture lines where the integument will split to allow for molting or [[autotomy]].}}

{{term|term= lunule |content= [[Lunule (entomology)|lunule]] }}{{defn|1= A body area or marking roughly in the shape of a crescent.}}

{{Glossary end}}

==M–O==
{{Glossary}}

{{term|term= macrochaete |content= macrochaete }}{{defn|1= large bristles and scales.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Simpson |first1=P |last2=Marcellini |first2=S |year=2006 |title=The origin and evolution of stereotyped patterns of macrochaetes on the nota of cyclorraphous Diptera |journal=Heredity |volume=97 |issue= 3|pages=148–156 |doi=10.1038/sj.hdy.6800874 |pmid=16850036|doi-access=free }}</ref>}}

{{term|term= macropterous |content= [[macropterous]] }}{{defn|1= Having long or large [[elytra]], as long, or longer than the [[Abdomen#Invertebrates|abdomen]].}}

{{term|term= malacophagy |content= malacophagy }}{{defn|1= feeding on mollusks (and parasitoids of mollusks).}}

{{term|term=maxilla|content=[[Arthropod mouthparts|maxilla]]}} {{defn|1=Mouthpart. The maxillae are paired and arranged behind the mandibles. May bear palps. See Figures 1 and 3.}}

{{term|term= membranule |content= membranule }}{{defn|1= a small triangular opaque region at the base of the hindwing in some dragonflies.}}

{{term|term= mesothorax |content= [[mesothorax]] }}{{defn|1= the middle segment of the [[thorax]], between the [[prothorax]] and the [[metathorax]].}}

{{term|term= metalmarks |content= metalmarks }}{{defn|1= small metallic-looking spots commonly found on the wings of [[Riodinidae]].}}

{{term|term= metathorax |content= [[metathorax]] }}{{defn|1= The third and last segment of the thorax after the [[mesothorax]].}}

{{term|term= micropterous |content= [[micropterous]] }}{{defn|1= Having short [[elytra]], shorter than the [[Abdomen#Invertebrates|abdomen]].}}

{{term|term= mixomycetophagy |content= mixomycetophagy }}{{defn|1= feeding on [[Myxogastria|myxomycetes]] slime molds.}}

{{term|term= myiasis |content= [[myiasis]] }}{{defn|1= Infestation of fly larvae on or in a vertebrate host.}}

{{term|term= mycetophagy |content= [[mycetophagy]] }}{{defn|1= feeding on fungus.}}

{{term|term= necrophagy |content= [[necrophagy]] }}{{defn|1= consuming of dead animals and their remains.}}

{{term|term= nervure |content= nervure }}{{defn|1= Older term for vein. ''adnervural'' refers to instance lines running adjacent and alongside the veins.}}

{{term|term= nodus |content= nodus }}{{defn|1= (of [[Odonata]] ) A prominent cross-vein near the center of the leading edge of a wing.  Also called "node".}}

{{term|term= obtect |content= obtect }}{{defn|1= Appendages fused or glued to the body.}}

{{term|term= occipital suture |content= occipital suture }}{{distinguish|text=the [[occipitomastoid suture]] in the human skull}}{{defn|1= (Anatomical feature) the structure that defines the occiput. See Figure 1 (below).}}

{{term|term= occiput |content= occiput }}{{defn|1= (Anatomical feature) the region posterior to the vertex on the head. See Figure 2 (below).}}

{{term|term= ocular structure |content= ocular structure }}{{defn|1= (Anatomical feature) the structure of the head containing the ocelli.}}

{{term|term= onisciform |content= onisciform }}{{defn|1= A woodlouse shaped, flattened platyform appearance of a larva.<ref name="IPMRC">Glossary - Integrated Pest Management Resource Centre.</ref>}}
{{term|term= oophagy |content= [[oophagy]] }}{{defn|1= feeding on eggs.}}

{{term|term= opisthognathous |content= opisthognathous }}{{defn|1= with receding mouthparts, or having mouthparts that slope backward or face backward.}}

{{term|term= orbicular stigma |content= orbicular stigma (or orbicular spot)}} {{defn|1=a marking placed between the reniform stigma and the thorax, usually circular in shape. See figures 4, 5}}

{{term|term= osmeterium |content= [[osmeterium]] }}{{defn|1= fleshy structure on some larvae, often discharging odorous chemicals.}}

{{term|term= oviposition |content= [[oviposition]] }}{{defn|1= the act of laying eggs.}}

{{term|term= oviscape |content= [[ovipositor|oviscape]] }}{{defn|1= if part of the ovipositor is visible when not in action, then the basal visible portion, typically tubular, is the oviscape. For examples, see females of many [[Tephritidae]] and [[Pyrgotidae]] (cf scape).}}

{{term|term= ovipositor |content= [[ovipositor]] }}{{defn|1= structure by which many insects place their eggs, sometimes by piercing or slitting the host or substrate in which she lays the eggs. The structure may be tubular and may have valves.}}

{{term|term= ozadene|content= [[ozadene]] }}{{defn|1= a '''stink gland''' or '''repugnatorial''' gland, from which an animal such as an insect or [[Myriapoda|Myriapod]] may release a foul-smelling liquid or gas for defence}}

{{term|term= ozopore |content= [[ozopore]] }}{{defn|1= the opening of an '''ozadene''', a stink gland or '''repugnatorial''' gland}}

{{Glossary end}}

==P–R==
{{Glossary}}

{{term|term= palynophagy |content= palynophagy }}{{defn|1= feeding on pollen.}}

{{term|term= parasitoid |content= [[parasitoid]] }}{{defn|1= parasite that develops attached to or within a host organism in a relationship which ultimately kills the host.}}

{{term|term=pedicel|content= pedicel}} {{defn|1= the second segment ( antennomere) of the antenna. See figure 3.}}

{{term|term= palpi |content= [[pedipalp]] (or labial palpi or palpi) {{anchor|labial palpi|pedipalp}} }}{{defn|1= comparatively large processes that originate from below the head and curve forward in front of the face that sometimes appear like a beak. lp on the figure right.}}

{{term|term= phloeophagy |content= phloeophagy }}{{defn|1= feeding on [[phloem]].<ref>Atkinson, Thomas H. and Equihua, Armando. "Biology of the Scolytidae and Platypodidae". ''Florida Entomologist'' Vol. 69, No. 2 (June 1986)</ref><ref>Byers, J.A. 1995. "Host tree chemistry affecting colonization in bark beetles", in R.T. Cardé and W.J. Bell (eds.). ''Chemical Ecology of Insects'' 2. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp. 154–213</ref><ref>Hill, Dennis S. ''Pests of Crops in Warmer Climates and Their Control''. Springer 2008. {{ISBN|9781402067372}}</ref>}}

{{term|term= phyllophagy |content= phyllophagy }}{{defn|1= feeding on leaves.}}

{{term|term= phytophagy| |content= [[phytophagy]] }}{{defn|1= feeding on plants.}}

{{term|term= pleurite |content= pleurite }}{{defn|1= A sclerotised region on the lateral part of an insect segment, bearing the spiracle, and separating and connecting the tergite and the sternite (compare: pulmonarium).}}

{{term|term= pollinophagy |content= pollinophagy }}{{defn|1= feeding on pollen.}}

[[File:Myrmeleontidae (antlion) 5370350.jpg|thumb|'''Porrect''' mandibles of [[antlion]] larva.]]

{{term|term= porrect |content= porrect }}{{defn|1= of organs extended horizontally anterior to the head. In such organs the axis of the organs is parallel to the axis of the body.}}

{{term|term= postclypeus |content= postclypeus }}{{defn|1= the upper (proximal) portion of the [[Clypeus (arthropod anatomy)|clypeus]] of insects.}}

{{term|term= postdiscal|content= postdiscal }}{{defn|1= The area, or band, of the wing between the discal area and the marginal area.}}

{{term|term= posterior |content= [[Posterior (anatomy)#Anterior and posterior|posterior]] }}{{defn|1= in a position behind or below the aforementioned.}}

{{term|term= postoccipital suture |content= postoccipital suture }}{{defn|1= (Anatomical feature) the structure posterior to the occipital suture, surrounding foramen magnum or occipital magnum.}}

{{term|term= proboscis |content= [[proboscis]] }}{{defn|1= tubular feeding and sucking organ.}}

{{term|term= proclinate |content= [[wikt:proclinate|proclinate]] }}{{defn|1= Directed or leaning forward, such as in bristles in particular locations of insects' heads.}}

[[File:Tetragonoderus quadrisignatus Quensel, 1806.png|thumb|Beetles in the family [[Carabidae]], generally have '''prognathous''' heads]]
{{term|term= prognathous |content= [[prognathous]] }}{{defn|1= having mouth parts extended forward of the head, in contrast to [[opisthognathous]] and [[hypognathous]].}}

{{term|term= proleg |content= [[proleg]] }}{{defn|1= fleshy leg like structures arising from the abdominal segments of caterpillars. These prolegs have crochets or curved hooks.}}

{{term|term= prothorax |content= [[prothorax]] }}{{defn|1= The first segment on the thorax anterior to the [[mesothorax]].}}

{{term|term= pterostigma |content= [[pterostigma]] (plural pterostigmata) }}{{defn|1= The prominent cell, usually opaque and coloured, near the tip of each wing of the Odonata, on the anterior margin; also, more loosely, called '''stigma'''.}}

{{term|term= pterothorax |content= pterothorax }}{{defn|1= The meso- and metathorax of winged insects, that carries the two pairs of wings.}}

{{term|term= pulmonarium |content= pulmonarium (plural pulmonaria) }}{{defn|1= A membranous instead of a sclerotised connection or pleurite between the abdominal tergites and sternites of certain groups of insects; in such species the pulmonaria bear the spiracles. The term also refers to an abdomen in which the connection between the tergal and sternal sclerites takes the form of a pulmonarial membrane. (Compare: pleurite)}}

{{term|term= reniform stigma |content= reniform stigma (or reniform spot)}} {{defn|1=an oval or kidney-shaped mark on the forewing at the disc (Lepidoptera)<ref>{{cite web |url = https://bugguide.net/node/view/142313 |title = reniform, reniform spot|access-date = 9 December 2022 |publisher = [[Iowa State University]] |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160722185337/https://bugguide.net/node/view/142313 |archive-date = 22 July 2016 |url-status = live }}</ref> See figure 4}}

[[File:GTB larva P1060034.jpg|thumb|A [[Chrysomelid]] larva carrying its own frass as repugnatorial protection]]
{{term|term= repugnatorial |content= [[wikt:repugnatorial|repugnatorial]] }}{{defn|1= (generally in combination as in: "'''repugnatorial glands'''"): defensive, or "fighting back", in particular as applied to an '''ozadene''', a gland that can release irritant, poisonous, alarming or distasteful fluids or gases when an organism is under threat. Examples of repugnatorial glands include the [[osmeterium]] of [[larva]]e of the [[Swallowtail butterfly|Papilionidae]], the stink glands of most [[Heteroptera]], the [[ozadene]]s of [[Opiliones]], the odoriferous glands of [[Diplopoda]], and others. Some insects, such as larvae of many species of the [[Chrysomelidae]], use their excreta in repugnatorial roles, for example covering themselves with their own frass.}}

{{term|term= rhizophagy |content= rhizophagy }}{{defn|1= feeding on [[rhizome]]s.}}

{{Glossary end}}

==S–Z==
{{Glossary}}

{{term|term= saltatorial |content= saltatorial }}{{defn|1= adapted for leaping or jumping.}}

{{term|term= sarconecrophagy |content= sarconecrophagy }}{{defn|1= feeding on dead bodies of vertebrates.}}

{{term|term= sapromycetophagy |content= sapromycetophagy }}{{defn|1= inhabiting decaying matter and consuming mycetes growing inside or cultivating them for feeding.}}

{{term|term= saprophagy |content= [[saprophagy]] }}{{defn|1= feeding on decaying organic matter.}}

{{term|term=scape|content= scape }} {{defn|1= the proximal segment ( antennomere) of the antenna. See Figure 3.}}

{{term|term= schisophagy |content= schisophagy }}{{defn|1= feeding on ground remains of plants and animals.}}

{{term|term= scolus|content= [[External morphology of Lepidoptera|scolus]] }}{{defn|1= An external spine having multiple points. Etymology: Greek ''skolos'', a prickle. cf. chalaza. plural: scoli}}

{{term|term= sensu|content= [[sensu]] }}{{defn|1= Latin term meaning "in the sense of".}}

{{term|term= sequester |content= sequestering }}{{Defn|1= The process of animals accumulating poisonous compounds from the food they are eating in order to become poisonous themselves for their predators. ''[[Pyrrolizidine alkaloid sequestration]]'' refers to the sequestration of one such class of poisonous compounds.}}

{{term|term= seta|content= seta }}{{defn|1= A stiff chitinous or sclerotised hair or bristle. Also chaeta, cheta}}

{{term|term= setaceous|content= setaceous }}{{defn|
* being like or having the nature of a seta or of setae
* setose}}

{{term|term= setose|content= setose }}{{defn|1= bearing, or covered in setae.}}

{{term|term= setula|content= setula }}{{defn|1= Diminutive of seta. A small chitinous hair or bristle.}}

{{term|term= setulose|content= setulose }}{{defn|1= bearing, or covered in setulae.}}

{{term|term= shade|content= shade }}{{defn|1= see central shade}}

{{term|term= spiracle |content= [[Spiracle (arthropods)|spiracle]] }}{{defn|1= Respiratory openings on the thorax and abdomen that allow air to enter the [[Invertebrate trachea|trachea]].}}

{{term|term= sporophagy |content= sporophagy }}{{defn|1= feeding on mycet [[spore]]s.}}

{{term|term= stigma |content= stigma (plural stigmata) {{anchor|stigmata}} }}{{defn|1= Prominent cells on the forewings of some moths. Their size, shape and colour can be useful in identifying some species. Also the prominent cell, usually opaque and coloured, near the tip of each wing of the [[Odonata]], on the anterior margin; also called '''pterostigma'''.}}

{{term|term= strigae |content= strigae }}{{defn|1= Patterns with thin lines.}}
{{term|subcosta|content= subcosta}}{{defn|1= Taxonomically important term used in Diptera [[identification key]]s. Part of the schema of wing venation. The second longitudinal wing vein, posterior to the costa. It may reach the costa, fade before the costa or join R1 before it reaches the costa. see [[:commons:File:Neminidae_wing_veins.svg]] (= auxiliary vein of many authors)}}

{{term|term= subgenal suture |content= subgenal suture }}{{defn|1= (Anatomical feature) suture lines below the gena.}}

{{term|term= symplesiomorphy |content= [[symplesiomorphy]] }}{{defn|1= a shared ancestral ("primitive") character state that cannot be used to demonstrate the monophyly of a group.}}

{{term|term= synapomorphy |content= [[synapomorphy]] }}{{defn|1= a shared homologous and derived character state (evolutionary novelty) that demonstrates the monophyly of a group (clade).}}

{{term|term= synovigenic |content= synovigenic }}{{defn|1= a form of reproduction in which the female continues to produce and to mature eggs throughout its life cycle.}}

{{term|term= tarsus |content= [[Arthropod leg#Insects|tarsus]] (plural tarsi) }}{{defn|1= fifth (last) leg segment, the part that touches the walking surface.}}

{{term|term= termen |content= termen }}{{defn|1= The edge of the wing most distant from the body.}}

{{term|term= margin |content= terminal and marginal {{anchor|terminal|marginal}} }}{{defn|1= Along the margin.}}

{{term|term= thorax |content= [[Thorax (insect anatomy)|thorax]] }}{{defn|1= The part of the body that lies between the head and the abdomen. It has three parts - [[prothorax]], [[mesothorax]] and [[metathorax]].}}

{{term|term= tibia |content= [[Arthropod leg#Insects|tibia]] }}{{defn|1= fourth leg segment, between ''femur'' and ''tarsus''.}}

{{term|term= tomentum|content= tomentum}}{{defn|1= a pubescence consisting of soft, entangled hairs pressed close to the surface of the integument.}}

{{term|term= tornus |content= tornus / tornal area }}{{defn|1= The posterior corner of the wing.}}

{{term|term= trochanter |content= [[Arthropod leg#Insects|trochanter]] }}{{defn|1= second leg segment, between ''coxa'' and ''femur''.}}

{{term|term= trophi |content= [[Arthropod mouthparts#Insects|trophi]] }}{{defn|1= The mouthparts of Arthropoda such as insects; typically labrum, mandible, maxilla, labium.}}

{{term|term= trophus |content= [[Arthropod mouthparts#Insects|trophus]] }}{{defn|1= The singular form of trophi (rarely used).}}

{{term|term= uncate |content= uncate }}{{defn|1= hook-like, as in the mouthparts of many fly larvae. (also uncinate)}}

{{term|term= uncinate |content= uncinate }}{{defn|1= hook-like, as in the mouthparts of many fly larvae. (also uncate)}}

{{term|term= unguis |content= unguis (plural ungues) }}{{defn|1= the claws at the tip of most insect [[Arthropod leg#Insects|pretarsi]].}}

{{term|term= urite |content= urite }} {{defn|1= a segment or part of the abdomen in insects.}}

{{term|term= urogomphus|content= urogomphus (plural urogomphi) }} {{defn|1= paired "horns" at the posterior tip of the abdomen of larvae.}}

{{term|term= urotergite |content= urotergite }}{{defn|1= plate on the dorsal (upper) surface of an abdominal segment in insects.}}

{{term|term= valve |content= [[valve]] }}{{defn|1= One of several appendages that combine to form the ovipositor of a typical female insect.}}

{{term|term= valvifer |content= [[valvifer]] }}{{defn|1= In female Heteroptera valvifers comprise four blades, one pair on each of abdominal segments 8 and 9.  They articulate with the paratergites and bear their corresponding valvulae.}}

{{term|term= |content= valvula }}{{defn|1= One of four blades in a female Hemipteran with a laciniate type of ovipositor, that combine to form the ovipositing mechanism.}}

{{term|term= vein |content= [[Insect wing#Venation|vein]] }}{{defn|1= Hollow structures formed from the coupling of the upper and lower walls of the wing. They provide both rigidity and flexibility to the wing. (See also [[Comstock-Needham system]].)}}

{{term|term= vertex |content= [[Vertex (anatomy)|vertex]] }}{{defn|1= (Anatomical feature) The apex of the head, usually containing ocelli.}}

{{term|term= villose|content= villose}}{{defn|1= covered with numerous thick-set, slender projections resembling short hairs.}}

{{term|term= worker|content= worker}}{{defn|1= Insects within social colonies (bees, wasps, ants, and termites) that usually do not reproduce and instead perform most of the colony's tasks.}}

{{term|term= xylomycetophagy |content= xylomycetophagy }}{{defn|1= inhabiting wood and consuming mycetes growing in wood or cultivating them for feeding.}}

{{term|term= xylophagy |content= [[xylophagy]] }}{{defn|1= feeding on wood.}}

{{term|term= zoomycetophagy |content= zoomycetophagy }}{{defn|1= feeding on fungus found on other animals.
}}

{{term|term= zoophagy |content= zoophagy }}{{defn|1= feeding on animals, and/or animal matter.}}
{{Redirect |Zoophagy |a notable human proponent |Francis Trevelyan Buckland}}

{{Glossary end}}

==Figures==
<gallery>
Image:Cap ventral.svg|{{center|Figure 1 Head<br />Posterior view}}
Image:Grasshopper-head.jpg|{{center|Figure 2 Head<br />Side view}}
Image:2-Morphology-of-head.png|{{center|Figure 3 Head<br />Morphology}}
</gallery>

<gallery>
Image:Charaxesvenation.jpg|{{center|Wing venation ''Charaxes''}}
Image:Charaxesvenation2.jpg|{{center|Wing venation ''Charaxes''}}
File:AcraeaWingVenationEltringham.jpg|{{center|Wing venation ''Acraea''}}
File:Butterfly wing terms de.svg |Wing venation (in German)
</gallery>
<gallery>
File:Moths of the British Isles Fig05.jpg |{{center|Wing and body of a moth (from South ''Moths of the British Isles'') }} Figure 4
File:Noctuidae Wings.png |{{center|Noctuidae Wings}} Figure 5
</gallery>

== See also ==

{{wiktionary-inline|thesaurus:insect#See also}}
* {{annotated link|Anatomical terms of location}}
* {{annotated link|Butterfly}}
* {{annotated link|Caterpillar}}
* {{annotated link|Comstock–Needham system}}
* {{annotated link|External morphology of Lepidoptera}}
* {{annotated link|Glossary of ant terms}}
* {{annotated link|Glossary of spider terms}}
* {{annotated link|Glossary of scientific names}}
* {{annotated link|Insect wing}}
* {{annotated link|Pupa}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1=Evans |first1=W.H. |author-link=William Harry Evans |title=The Identification of Indian Butterflies |edition=2nd |location=Mumbai, India |publisher=[[Bombay Natural History Society]] |year=1932}}
* {{Cite web |url=http://nobonesaboutit.wordpress.com/2011/02/02/ento-101-external-structure-ii-the-head/#more-1815 |title=Ento. 101 – External Structure II: The Head |first=Adrian |last=Thysse |date=2 February 2011 |publisher=IPM |pages=1 |access-date=March 5, 2011 }}
* Gordh G. and D.H. Headrick. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110725112904/http://bookshop.cabi.org/?page=2633&pid=2162&site=191 ''A Dictionary of Entomology'']. Cabi 2001.
* Romoser, William S. ''The Science of Entomology'', pp.&nbsp;26–49. Collier-MacMillan 1973.
* McAlpine, David K., 1958 A key to the Australian families of Acalptrate Diptera (Insecta) ''Records of the Australian Museum'' 24 (12) 183-190 [http://australianmuseum.net.au/journal/McAlpine-1958-Rec-Aust-Mus-2412-183190/ pdf full text and figures]
* McAlpine, J.F. 1981 Morphology and terminology In: McAlpine, J.P. et al. (eds.): ''Manual of Nearctic Diptera'' vol. 1 Ottawa: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Monograph 27. {{ISBN|0660107317}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20131201030220/http://www.esc-sec.ca/aafcmono.php pdf] '''download manual'''
* Resh, Vincent H. and R. T. Cardé, Eds. ''Encyclopedia of Insects'', pp.&nbsp;15–19, 750–755. Elsevier 2003.
* Wallace, Robert L. et al. ''Beck and Braithwaite's Invertebrate Zoology'', 4th Ed., pp.&nbsp;248–250. MacMillan 1989.
* {{cite web |url=http://www.entomology.umn.edu/cues/4015/morpology/ |title=Insect Morphology |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303060627/http://www.entomology.umn.edu/cues/4015/morpology/ |archive-date=2011-03-03 }}
* http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent425/library/labs/external_anatomy/anatomy_mouthparts.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720011853/http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent425/library/labs/external_anatomy/anatomy_mouthparts.html |date=2011-07-20 }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent425/library/tutorials/external_anatomy/head.html |title=ENT 425 {{!}} General Entomology {{!}} Resource Library (Tutorials) }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=VlAkAtcsmugC&pg=PA160&lpg=PA160&dq=nodus+insect&source=bl&ots=Q97zXxRu7t&sig=YXUzZmTn9ZgcpHfpzVecC08AGRI&hl=en&ei=oYGDTYmEJ-OH0QH8nYnRCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false Dictionary of Insect Morphology]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101124051501/http://insectsofwestvirginia.net/d/glossary.html Dragonfly terms]
* [http://www.amentsoc.org/insects/glossary/ Entomologists' Glossary]
* [https://books.google.com/books/about/Dictionary_of_Insect_Morphology.html?id=VlAkAtcsmugC Dictionary of Insect Morphology]
* [http://pnwmoths.biol.wwu.edu/about-moths/glossary/ PNW moths glossary]

{{Glossaries of science and engineering}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Glossary Of Entomology Terms}}
[[Category:Entomology]]
[[Category:Glossaries of zoology|Entomology terms, glossary of]]
[[Category:Wikipedia glossaries using description lists]]