Gentiana pannonica: Difference between revisions

'''''Gentiana pannonica''''', the '''Hungarian gentian''' ({{lang-de|Ostalpen-Enzian}},or ''Pannonischer Enzian'',brown gentian''Ungarischer Enzian'' or ''Ungarn-Enzian''<ref name="FloraWeb" />), is a [[species]] of [[flowering plant]] of the genus ''[[Gentiana]]'' in the [[family (biology)|family]] of [[Gentianaceae]].

The Hungarian gentian is a [[perennial plant|perennial]], [[herbaceous plant]], which grows to a height of 20 to 60 centimetres. All the above-ground parts of the plant are hairless. Its [[Plant stem|stem]] is upright and strong.

The five to seven-veined [[leaf|leaves]] are arranged crosswise[[decussate]]. The lower leaves haveare a[[petiole stalk(botany)|petiolate]] and are ellipticalelliptic in shape; the upper ones are stalkless[[sessility (botany)|sessile]] and point-[[lanceolate]].

The Hungarian gentian flowers from July to September. Its [[flowers]] are located in the upper leaf axils[[axil]]s or grouped at the end of the stem.

The hermaphroditic flowers are [[radially symmetrical]] with double [[perianth]]s. The green [[sepal]]s are fused. The [[calyx (flower)|calyx]] is bell-shaped and has five to eight outward curving teeth. The bell-shaped crown[[corolla (botany)|corolla]] is 25 to 50 millimetres long. It is wider at the top and, towards the middle, has five to nine elementspetals. The Kronzipfelcorolla tip is egg-shapedovate. On itstheir outer side, the petals[[petal]]s are red and violet with black and red spots, the inside is usually yellowish.

The first publication of ''Gentiana pannonica'' was by [[Giovanni Antonio Scopoli]]. The species [[epithet]] ''pannonica'' derives from the Roman province of [[Pannonia]]. [[Synonym (taxonomy)|Synonyms]] for ''Gentiana pannonica'' SCOP. are: ''Gentiana semifida'' HOFFMANSS. EX RCHB. and ''Coilantha pannonica'' G.DON.

The Hungarian gentian is found in the [[Eastern Alps]], [[Bergamasque Alps]], [[Carpathians]] and [[Transylvania]]. The western boundary of the gentian ([[Allgäu]], eastern [[Switzerland]]) is coincident with the eastern boundary of the purple gentian.

In Austria the Hungarian gentian is scattered to moderately common (e.g. on the Krippenstein/Dachstein). It does not occur in [[Vienna (state)|Vienna]] or the [[Burgenland]]. In Germany it occurs in the [[alm (pasture)|alms]] of the [[Bavarian Forest]], including within the [[Bavarian Forest National Park]].

The Hungarian gentian is an old [[medicinal herb]] and is used like the [[yellow gentian]]. Because it was intensively used in former times, its stocks shrank to just small residual populations. As a result, the [[IUCN]] placed it in the "near threatened" category.<ref name="IUCN" /> For the conservation of this species habitat management plans were created or adjusted.

<ref name="IUCN"> {{IUCNcite iucn|year=2017|versionurl=2017 https://www.1 |id= iucnredlist.org/species/203220/2762403 |taxontitle= Gentiana pannonica |assessment-year=2013|assessorauthor= S. Khela |download=20 August 2017}}</ref>

<!-- <ref name="FloraWeb"> {{FloraWeb|2634|Gentiana pannonica Scop., Ungarn-Enzian}}</ref> -->