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{{short description|Species of plant}}
{{Speciesbox
| name
| image = Gentiana pannonica (9896542693).jpg
| status = NT
| authority = [[Giovanni Antonio Scopoli|Scop.]]▼
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Khela, S. |date=2013 |title=''Gentiana pannonica'' |volume=2013 |page=e.T203220A2762403 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T203220A2762403.en |access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref>
|
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| synonyms = {{hidden begin|title = List}}
* ''Gentiana purpurea'' var. ''pannonica'' <small>(Scop.) Gaudin</small>
* ''Pneumonanthe pannonica'' <small>(Scop.) F.W.Schmidt</small>
* ''Coilantha pannonica'' <small>G.Don</small>
* ''Gentiana punctata'' <small>Jacq.</small>
* ''Gentiana purpurea'' <small>Schrank</small>
* ''Gentiana semifida'' <small>Hoffmanns. ex Rchb.</small>
{{hidden end}}
}}
'''''Gentiana pannonica''''', the '''Hungarian gentian'''
== Description ==
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[[File:Gentiana pannonica (Ostalpen-Enzian) IMG 3365.JPG|thumb|Habit: leaves and flowers opposite]]
===
The Hungarian gentian is a [[perennial plant|
The five to seven-veined [[leaf|leaves]] are
The Hungarian gentian flowers from July to September. Its [[flowers]] are located in the upper leaf
▲The Hungarian gentian flowers from July to September. Its [[flowers]] are located in the upper leaf axils or grouped at the end of the stem.
The hermaphroditic flowers are [[radially symmetrical]] with double [[perianth]]s. The green [[sepal]]s are fused. The [[calyx (flower)|calyx]] is bell-shaped and has five to eight outward curving teeth. The bell-shaped
Its [[chromosome]] count is 2n = 40.<ref name="Oberdorfer2001" />
==
The first publication of ''Gentiana pannonica'' was by [[Giovanni Antonio Scopoli]]. The species [[epithet]] ''pannonica'' derives from the Roman province of [[Pannonia]].
== Similar species ==
The Hungarian gentian is very similar to the [[purple gentian]] (''Gentiana purpurea'').
== Distribution and habitat ==
=== Range ===
The Hungarian gentian is found in the [[Eastern Alps]], [[Bergamasque Alps]], [[Carpathians]] and [[Transylvania]]. The western boundary of the gentian ([[Allgäu]], eastern
In Austria the Hungarian gentian is scattered to moderately common (e.g. on the Krippenstein/Dachstein). It does not occur in [[Vienna (state)|Vienna]] or the [[Burgenland]]. In Germany it occurs in the [[alm (pasture)|alms]] of the [[Bavarian Forest]], including within the [[Bavarian Forest National Park]].▼
The Hungarian gentian thrives best on [[calcareous soil|calcareous]] soil, but also on [[soil]]s poor in calcium. It occurs in Central Europe in perennial meadows and cirques, bogs and [[mountain pine]] bush. The Hungarian gentian is a [[characteristic species]] of the Nardion community, but also occurs in [[plant communities]] of the sub-group rhododendro-vaccinienion.<ref name="Oberdorfer2001" />▼
=== Habitat ===
▲In Austria the Hungarian gentian is scattered to moderately common (e.g. on the Krippenstein/Dachstein). It does not occur in [[Vienna (state)|Vienna]] or the [[Burgenland]]. In Germany it occurs in the [[alm (pasture)|alms]] of the [[Bavarian Forest]].
▲The Hungarian gentian thrives best on [[calcareous soil|calcareous]] soil, but also on [[soil]]s poor in calcium. It occurs in Central Europe in perennial meadows and cirques, bogs and [[mountain pine]] bush. The Hungarian gentian is a [[
== Uses and conservation ==
The Hungarian gentian is an old [[medicinal herb]] and is used like the [[yellow gentian]]. Because it was intensively used in former times, its stocks shrank to just small residual populations. As a result, the [[IUCN]] placed it in the "near threatened" category.<ref name="IUCN" /> For the conservation of this species habitat management plans were created or adjusted.
▲The first publication of ''Gentiana pannonica'' was by [[Giovanni Antonio Scopoli]]. The species [[epithet]] ''pannonica'' derives from the Roman province of [[Pannonia]]. [[Synonym (taxonomy)|Synonyms]] for ''Gentiana pannonica'' SCOP. are: ''Gentiana semifida'' HOFFMANSS. EX RCHB. and ''Coilantha pannonica'' G.DON.
== References ==
<references>
<ref name="Oberdorfer2001">{{cite book | author = Erich Oberdorfer | title = Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora für Deutschland und angrenzende Gebiete: Unter Mitarbeit von Angelika Schwabe und Theo Müller | isbn = 3-8001-3131-5 | publisher = Eugen Ulmer | year = 2001 | edition = 8th, heavily revised and expanded | location = Stuttgart (Hohenheim) | language = de | page = 755}}</ref>
<ref name="IUCN">{{cite iucn|year=2017|url= https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/203220/2762403 |title= Gentiana pannonica |author= S. Khela }}</ref>
<!-- <ref name="
</references>
== Literature ==
* {{cite book | author1 = Xaver Finkenzeller | author2 = Jürke Grau | title = Alpenblumen. Erkennen und bestimmen | isbn = 3-576-11482-3 | publisher = Mosaik | year = 2002 | series = Steinbachs Naturführer | location = Munich | language = de }}
* {{cite book | author1 = Manfred A. Fischer |author2= Wolfgang Adler|author3= Karl Oswald | title = Exkursionsflora für Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol<!--. Bestimmungsbuch für alle in der Republik Österreich, in der Autonomen Provinz Bozen/Südtirol (Italien) und im Fürstentum Liechtenstein wildwachsenden sowie die wichtigsten kultivierten Gefäßpflanzen (Farnpflanzen und Samenpflanzen) mit Angaben über ihre Ökologie und Verbreitung--> | isbn = 3-85474-140-5 | publisher = Land Oberösterreich, Biologiezentrum der Oberösterreichischen Landesmuseen | year = 2005 | edition = 2nd improved and expanded | location = Linz | language = de }}
== External links ==
{{Commons|Gentiana pannonica
* {{BiolFlor|1348}}
* {{InfoFlora|ID=1605|WissName=Gentiana pannonica Scop.|Zugriff=2016-01-23}}
* Thomas Meyer: [http://www.blumeninschwaben.de/Zweikeimblaettrige/Enziangewaechse/rot_enzian.htm#Ostalpen- Gentian data sheet with identification key and photographs at ''Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland'' (old name of the website: ''Blumen in Schwaben'').]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q160745}}
[[Category:Gentiana]]▼
▲[[Category:Gentiana|pannonica]]
[[Category:Alpine flora]]
[[Category:Herbs]]
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