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Editing British diaspora in Africa

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The majority of white South Africans and Zimbabweans identify themselves as primarily ''South African'' and ''Zimbabwean'' respectively, regardless of their first language or ancestry.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sUnJAAAAQBAJ&dq=white+zimbabweans&pg=PR11|isbn = 9780230106338|title = Whiteness in Zimbabwe: Race, Landscape, and the Problem of Belonging|date = 12 April 2010|publisher = Springer}}</ref> The term ''English-speaking South African'' (ESSA) is sometimes used to distinguish anglophone South Africans from the rest of the population, particularly [[Afrikaners]]. Additionally, the inclusive term ''Zimbo'' or ''Anglo-Zimbabweans'' are terms sometimes used by academics to distance themselves, from the [[Southern Rhodesia|Rhodesian]] era, though the latter term overlaps with and can cause confusion with the large community of [[Zimbabweans in the United Kingdom|Britons of Zimbabwean descent]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bbtaDwAAQBAJ&q=zimbabweans+in+britain|isbn = 9783319896830|title = Zimbabwean Communities in Britain: Imperial and Post-Colonial Identities and Legacies|date = 15 May 2018|publisher = Springer}}</ref> Along with [[Anglo African]] these terms are somewhat analogous to those used in other English-speaking countries such as [[White Anglo Saxon Protestant]], [[English Canadian]] and [[Anglo-Celtic Australian]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Alexander|first=Mary|title=Black, white – or South African?|url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/democracy/identity-300606.htm#.UcqyRjs3Cz4|date=30 June 2006|publisher=SAinfo|access-date=26 June 2013|quote=With 82% defining themselves as 'South African', whites identify with the country the most, followed by coloureds and Indians. Five percent of whites consider themselves to be Africans, while 4% identify themselves according to race and 2% according to language or ethnicity.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160724225617/http://www.southafrica.info/about/democracy/identity-300606.htm#.UcqyRjs3Cz4|archive-date=24 July 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A Nation in the Making: A Discussion Document on Macro-Social Trends in South Africa|url=http://www.info.gov.za/otherdocs/2006/socioreport.pdf|year=2006|publisher=Government of South Africa|access-date=26 June 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060711171013/http://www.info.gov.za/otherdocs/2006/socioreport.pdf|archive-date=11 July 2006}}</ref>
The majority of white South Africans and Zimbabweans identify themselves as primarily ''South African'' and ''Zimbabwean'' respectively, regardless of their first language or ancestry.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sUnJAAAAQBAJ&dq=white+zimbabweans&pg=PR11|isbn = 9780230106338|title = Whiteness in Zimbabwe: Race, Landscape, and the Problem of Belonging|date = 12 April 2010|publisher = Springer}}</ref> The term ''English-speaking South African'' (ESSA) is sometimes used to distinguish anglophone South Africans from the rest of the population, particularly [[Afrikaners]]. Additionally, the inclusive term ''Zimbo'' or ''Anglo-Zimbabweans'' are terms sometimes used by academics to distance themselves, from the [[Southern Rhodesia|Rhodesian]] era, though the latter term overlaps with and can cause confusion with the large community of [[Zimbabweans in the United Kingdom|Britons of Zimbabwean descent]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bbtaDwAAQBAJ&q=zimbabweans+in+britain|isbn = 9783319896830|title = Zimbabwean Communities in Britain: Imperial and Post-Colonial Identities and Legacies|date = 15 May 2018|publisher = Springer}}</ref> Along with [[Anglo African]] these terms are somewhat analogous to those used in other English-speaking countries such as [[White Anglo Saxon Protestant]], [[English Canadian]] and [[Anglo-Celtic Australian]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Alexander|first=Mary|title=Black, white – or South African?|url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/democracy/identity-300606.htm#.UcqyRjs3Cz4|date=30 June 2006|publisher=SAinfo|access-date=26 June 2013|quote=With 82% defining themselves as 'South African', whites identify with the country the most, followed by coloureds and Indians. Five percent of whites consider themselves to be Africans, while 4% identify themselves according to race and 2% according to language or ethnicity.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160724225617/http://www.southafrica.info/about/democracy/identity-300606.htm#.UcqyRjs3Cz4|archive-date=24 July 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A Nation in the Making: A Discussion Document on Macro-Social Trends in South Africa|url=http://www.info.gov.za/otherdocs/2006/socioreport.pdf|year=2006|publisher=Government of South Africa|access-date=26 June 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060711171013/http://www.info.gov.za/otherdocs/2006/socioreport.pdf|archive-date=11 July 2006}}</ref>


[[Alternative names for the British#Africa|Colloquial terms for the British in Africa]] which might be considered derogatory include the [[Afrikaans]] term ''rooinek'' (literally "red neck", probably from the stereotype that they sunburn relatively easily although unrelated to the [[American English|American]] term ''[[redneck]]''),<ref>{{cite web |author=Donald G. McNeil Jr |title=Like Politics, All Political Correctness Is Local |date=11 October 1998 |url=http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Valley/8414/pc.htm |newspaper=The New York Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012220240/http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Valley/8414/pc.htm |archive-date=12 October 2008 |url-status=dead |quote=Meanwhile, English-speaking whites call uncouth Afrikaner ones 'hairybacks' or 'rockspiders,' while Afrikaners call the other whites 'rooinek' – rednecks, as in sunburned British soldiers – or worse. }}</ref> the [[Australian English vocabulary|Australian term]] ''pommy'', 'Beberu' in Kenya which means he-goat.<ref>{{cite web|title=Definition of pommy by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia|url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/pommy|publisher=Farlex|access-date=14 July 2013}}</ref>
[[Alternative names for the British#Africa|Colloquial terms for the British in Africa]] which might be considered derogatory include the [[Afrikaans]] term ''rooinek'' (literally "red neck", probably from the stereotype that they sunburn relatively easily although unrelated to the [[American English|American]] term ''[[redneck]]''),<ref>{{cite web |author=Donald G. McNeil Jr |title=Like Politics, All Political Correctness Is Local |date=11 October 1998 |url=http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Valley/8414/pc.htm |newspaper=The New York Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012220240/http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Valley/8414/pc.htm |archive-date=12 October 2008 |url-status=dead |quote=Meanwhile, English-speaking whites call uncouth Afrikaner ones 'hairybacks' or 'rockspiders,' while Afrikaners call the other whites 'rooinek' – rednecks, as in sunburned British soldiers – or worse. }}</ref> the [[Australian English vocabulary|Australian term]] ''pommy'', 'Beberu' in Kenya which means he-goat<ref>{{cite web|title=Definition of pommy by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia|url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/pommy|publisher=Farlex|access-date=14 July 2013}}</ref>.


The term ''[[Anglo#Africa|Anglo-Africa]]n'' has been used historically to describe people living in the [[British Empire]] in Africa,<ref>{{cite book|author=Africanus|title=The adjustment of the German colonial claims – Dedicated to the American and British delegates of the peace conference|location=Bern|date=December 1918|pages=7|url=https://archive.org/stream/adjustmentofgerm00afririch#page/7/mode/1up|access-date=15 July 2013|quote=Sir Harry Johnston, the former Governor General of Central British Africa said after the conquest of German East Africa in the 'Daily News': ... Another well known Anglo-African and Colonial politician E. D. Morel in an article in the 'Labour Leader' entitled 'The Way Out' writes as follows: ...'}} [[Harry Johnston]] (1858–1927) and [[E. D. Morel]] (1873–1924) are referred to as ''Anglo-Africans'' in this publication.</ref> although it has also been used to [[Identity (social science)|self-identify]] by people of mixed British and indigenous African ancestry.<ref>{{cite book|last=Moses|first=Wilson Jeremiah|title=The golden age of Black nationalism, 1850-1925|year=1988|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=0-19-520639-8|page=32|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xnZQhKB5_f8C|quote=A startling feature in the rhetoric of black institutional leadership on the eve of the Civil War was the popularity of the term, 'Anglo-African.' ... By 1900, 'Anglo-African' had been replaced by 'Afro-American' and such variants as 'Euro-African', and 'Negro-Saxon'.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Rogers|first=Joel Augustus|title=World's Great Men of Color, Volume 2|year=1996|publisher=Touchstone|location=New York|isbn=9780684815824|page=148|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uTiEe2g56d4C|quote=The festival was to be given at Gloucester with Coleridge-Taylor himself conducting the three choirs. As it was advertised that the conductor was an Anglo-African, the audience expected a white man. What was its surprise to see instead a dark-skinned Negro, quick-moving, slight of build, with an enormous head of high, thick, frizzly hair, broad nostrils, flashing white teeth, and a winning smile.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor=Mohamed Adhikari|last=Lee|first=Christopher J|title=Burdened by race : Coloured identities in southern Africa|chapter='A generous dream, but difficult to realize': the making of the Anglo-African community of Nyasaland, 1929–1940|year=2009|publisher=UCT Press|location=Cape Town|isbn=978-1-91989-514-7|page=209|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_wcVFSyt7mgC|quote=Because the area had only been colonised in the 1890s, the Anglo-African community of Nyasaland during the 1930s, for the most part, consisted of first-generation persons of 'mixed' racial descent. This is reflected in their preference of the term 'Anglo-African' over 'coloured' and 'half-caste'. Although all three were used, 'Anglo-African' had the advantage of emphasising their partial descent from colonists.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Milner-Thornton|first=Juliette Bridgette|title=The long shadow of the British empire: The ongoing legacies of race and class in Zambia|year=2012|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0230340183|page=11|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gzFbk-ZPzqEC|quote=At different historical junctures in Northern Rhodesia's racialized landscape, persons of mixed descent were categorized accordingly: 'half-caste,' 'Anglo-African,' 'Indo-African,' 'Euro-African, 'Eurafrican,' and 'Coloured.'}}</ref> ''The Anglo-African Who's Who and Biographical Sketch-Book'' published in [[London]] in 1905 contains details of prominent British and Afrikaner people in Africa at that time.<ref>{{cite book|editor=Wills, Walter H |editor2=Barrett, R. J|title=The Anglo-African Who's Who and Biographical Sketch-Book|publisher=George Routledge & Sons, Ltd.|location=London|year=1905|url=https://archive.org/details/angloafricanwhos00will|access-date=26 June 2013|quote=But we may perhaps claim that, incomplete as it is, it contains many records of Anglo-Africans which are not readily available in any similar work of reference, and it is only necessary to add that we hope to remedy its sins of omission and commission in future editions.}}</ref>
The term ''[[Anglo#Africa|Anglo-Africa]]n'' has been used historically to describe people living in the [[British Empire]] in Africa,<ref>{{cite book|author=Africanus|title=The adjustment of the German colonial claims – Dedicated to the American and British delegates of the peace conference|location=Bern|date=December 1918|pages=7|url=https://archive.org/stream/adjustmentofgerm00afririch#page/7/mode/1up|access-date=15 July 2013|quote=Sir Harry Johnston, the former Governor General of Central British Africa said after the conquest of German East Africa in the 'Daily News': ... Another well known Anglo-African and Colonial politician E. D. Morel in an article in the 'Labour Leader' entitled 'The Way Out' writes as follows: ...'}} [[Harry Johnston]] (1858–1927) and [[E. D. Morel]] (1873–1924) are referred to as ''Anglo-Africans'' in this publication.</ref> although it has also been used to [[Identity (social science)|self-identify]] by people of mixed British and indigenous African ancestry.<ref>{{cite book|last=Moses|first=Wilson Jeremiah|title=The golden age of Black nationalism, 1850-1925|year=1988|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=0-19-520639-8|page=32|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xnZQhKB5_f8C|quote=A startling feature in the rhetoric of black institutional leadership on the eve of the Civil War was the popularity of the term, 'Anglo-African.' ... By 1900, 'Anglo-African' had been replaced by 'Afro-American' and such variants as 'Euro-African', and 'Negro-Saxon'.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Rogers|first=Joel Augustus|title=World's Great Men of Color, Volume 2|year=1996|publisher=Touchstone|location=New York|isbn=9780684815824|page=148|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uTiEe2g56d4C|quote=The festival was to be given at Gloucester with Coleridge-Taylor himself conducting the three choirs. As it was advertised that the conductor was an Anglo-African, the audience expected a white man. What was its surprise to see instead a dark-skinned Negro, quick-moving, slight of build, with an enormous head of high, thick, frizzly hair, broad nostrils, flashing white teeth, and a winning smile.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor=Mohamed Adhikari|last=Lee|first=Christopher J|title=Burdened by race : Coloured identities in southern Africa|chapter='A generous dream, but difficult to realize': the making of the Anglo-African community of Nyasaland, 1929–1940|year=2009|publisher=UCT Press|location=Cape Town|isbn=978-1-91989-514-7|page=209|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_wcVFSyt7mgC|quote=Because the area had only been colonised in the 1890s, the Anglo-African community of Nyasaland during the 1930s, for the most part, consisted of first-generation persons of 'mixed' racial descent. This is reflected in their preference of the term 'Anglo-African' over 'coloured' and 'half-caste'. Although all three were used, 'Anglo-African' had the advantage of emphasising their partial descent from colonists.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Milner-Thornton|first=Juliette Bridgette|title=The long shadow of the British empire: The ongoing legacies of race and class in Zambia|year=2012|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0230340183|page=11|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gzFbk-ZPzqEC|quote=At different historical junctures in Northern Rhodesia's racialized landscape, persons of mixed descent were categorized accordingly: 'half-caste,' 'Anglo-African,' 'Indo-African,' 'Euro-African, 'Eurafrican,' and 'Coloured.'}}</ref> ''The Anglo-African Who's Who and Biographical Sketch-Book'' published in [[London]] in 1905 contains details of prominent British and Afrikaner people in Africa at that time.<ref>{{cite book|editor=Wills, Walter H |editor2=Barrett, R. J|title=The Anglo-African Who's Who and Biographical Sketch-Book|publisher=George Routledge & Sons, Ltd.|location=London|year=1905|url=https://archive.org/details/angloafricanwhos00will|access-date=26 June 2013|quote=But we may perhaps claim that, incomplete as it is, it contains many records of Anglo-Africans which are not readily available in any similar work of reference, and it is only necessary to add that we hope to remedy its sins of omission and commission in future editions.}}</ref>
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