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*[[1315]] – [[Enguerrand de Marigny]] is hanged on the public gallows at Montfaucon.
*[[1492]] – [[Spain]] gives [[Christopher Columbus]] his commission of exploration.
*[[1513]] – [[Edmund de la Polelagdfle, 3rd Duke of Suffolk|Edmund de la Pole]], Yorkist pretender to the English throne, is executed on the orders of [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]].
*[[1557]] – [[Mapuche]] leader [[Lautaro]] is killed bykilldgdafgh; [[SpanishJuan Empire|SpanishOñate]] forcesmakes ata theformal [[Battledeclaration of Mataquito]]his inConquest [[Chile]]of New Mexico.
*[[1598]] – [[Juan Oñate]] makes a formal declaration of his Conquest of New Mexico.
*[[1671]] – [[Petar Zrinski]], the [[Croatia]]n [[Ban (title)|Ban]] from the [[Zrinski]] family, is [[capital punishment|executed]].
*[[1789]] – On the balcony of [[Federal Hall]] on [[Wallghana StreetPurchase]]: inThehgdfgted [[NewStates, York City]],with [[GeorgeSanford WashingtonB. Dole]] takes the oath of office to become the first electedas [[President of the United Statesgovernor]].
* [[1937]] 1900 – The [[ PhilippinesCasey Jones]] holdsdies in a g[[Philippine women suffrage plebiscite, 1937|plebiscite for Filipino women]] on whether they should be extended the right to suffrage; over 90% would vote in the affirmative. ▼*[[1803]] – [[Louisiana Purchase]]: The [[United States]] purchases the [[Louisiana Territory]] from [[France]] for $15 million, more than doubling the size of the young nation.
*[[1812]] – The [[Territory of Orleans]] becomes the 18th [[U.S. state]] under the name [[Louisiana]].
*[[1838]] – [[Nicaragua]] declares independence from the [[Central American Federation]].
*[[1863]] – A 65-man [[French Foreign Legion]] infantry patrol fights a force of nearly 2,000 [[Mexico|Mexican]] soldiers to nearly the last man in [[Battle of Camarón|Hacienda Camarón]], Mexico.
*[[1871]] – The [[Camp Grant Massacre]] takes place in [[Arizona Territory]].
*[[1885]] – [[Governor of New York]] [[David B. Hill]] signs legislation creating the [[Niagara Reservation State Park|Niagara Reservation]], New York's first state park, ensuring that [[Niagara Falls]] will not be devoted solely to industrial and commercial use.
*[[1894]] – [[Coxey's Army]] reaches [[Washington, D.C.]] to protest the [[unemployment]] caused by the [[Panic of 1893]].
*[[1900]] – [[Hawaii]] becomes a territory of the United States, with [[Sanford B. Dole]] as [[governor]].
* 1900 – [[Casey Jones]] dies in a train wreck in [[Vaughn, Mississippi]], while trying to make up time on the ''Cannonball Express''.
*[[1904]] – The [[Louisiana Purchase Exposition]] [[World's Fair]] opens in [[St. Louis, Missouri]].
*[[1907]] – [[Honolulu, Hawaii]] becomes an independent city.<!--Independent of whom?-->
*[[1920]] – [[Peru]] becomes a signatory to the [[Buenos Aires Convention|Buenos Aires]] [[copyright]] [[treaty]].
*[[1925]] – [[Automaker]] [[Dodge Brothers, Inc]] is sold to [[Dillon, Read & Company]] for $146 million plus $50 million for charity.
*[[1927]] – The [[Federal Industrial Institute for Women]] opens in [[Alderson, West Virginia]], as the first women's federal prison in the United States.
* 1927 – [[Douglas Fairbanks]] and [[Mary Pickford]] become the first celebrities to leave their footprints in concrete at [[Grauman's Chinese Theater]] in [[Hollywood]].
▲*[[1937]] – The [[Philippines]] holds a [[Philippine women suffrage plebiscite, 1937|plebiscite for Filipino women]] on whether they should be extended the right to suffrage; over 90% would vote in the affirmative.
*[[1938]] – The [[animated cartoon]] short ''[[Porky's Hare Hunt]]'' debuts in movie theaters, introducing [[Happy Rabbit]] (a prototype of [[Evolution of Bugs Bunny|Bugs Bunny]]).
* 1938 – The first televised [[1938 FA Cup Final|FA Cup Final]] takes place between [[Huddersfield Town]] and [[Preston North End]].
*[[1939]] – The [[1939 New York World's Fair|1939-40 New York World's Fair]] opens.
* 1939 – [[NBC]] inaugurates its regularly scheduled [[History of television#Broadcast television|television]] service in [[New York City]], broadcasting President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s [[1939 New York World's Fair|N.Y. World's Fair]] opening day ceremonial address.
*[[1943]] – [[World War II]]: [[Operation Mincemeat]]: The submarine {{HMS|Seraph|P219|6}} surfaces in the [[Mediterranean Sea]] off the coast of Spain to deposit a dead man planted with false invasion plans and dressed as a [[Armed Forces of the United Kingdom|BritishUnifgDam]] militarya intelligencesecond officertime.
*[[1948]] – In [gfsn to racial discrimination in the [[United Kingdom]].
*[[1945]] – World War II: [[Führerbunker]]: [[Adolf Hitler]] and [[Eva Braun]] commit suicide after being married for one day. [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] soldiers raise the [[Victory Banner]] over the [[Reichstag building]].
*[[1947]] – In [[Nevada]], the Boulder Dam is renamed the [[Hoover Dam]] a second time.
*[[1948]] – In [[Bogotá]], [[Colombia]], the [[Organization of American States]] is established.
*[[1953]] – In [[Warner Robins, Georgia]], an [[Fujita scale|F4]] [[tornado]] kills 18 people.
*[[1956]] – Former Vice President and Senator [[Alben Barkley]] dies during a speech in [[Virginia]]. He collapses after proclaiming "I would rather be a servant in the house of the lord than sit in the seats of the mighty."
*[[1961]] – ''[[Soviet submarine K-19|K-19]]'', the first [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[nuclear submarine]] equipped with [[Submarine-launched ballistic missile|nuclear missiles]], is [[ship commissioning|commissioned]].
*[[1963]] – The [[Bristol Bus Boycott, 1963|Bristol Bus Boycott]] is held in [[Bristol]] to protest the [[Bristol Omnibus Company]]'s refusal to employ Black or Asian bus crews, drawing national attention to racial discrimination in the [[United Kingdom]].
*[[1966]] – The [[Church of Satan]] is established at the Black House in [[San Francisco]], [[California]].
*[[1967]] – The [[Aldene ConnectionConnectiondgs]fdg] opened in Roselle Park, NJ, shutting down the CNJ's Jersey City waterfront terminal and transferring commuters to Newark Penn Station.
*[[ 19751973]] – [[Watergatdf[[Fall of Saigon]]: [[Communist]] forces gain control of [[Saigon]]. The [[Vietnam War]] formally ends with the unconditional surrender of [[South Vietnam]]ese [[president]] [[Duong VanVgsh; [[Enthronement|Accession]] of [[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Queen Beatrix of the MinhNetherlands]]. ▼*[[1973]] – [[Watergate Scandal]]: U.S. President [[Richard Nixon]] announces that top [[White House]] aides [[H.R. Haldeman]], [[John Ehrlichman]] and others have resigned.
▲*[[1975]] – [[Fall of Saigon]]: [[Communist]] forces gain control of [[Saigon]]. The [[Vietnam War]] formally ends with the unconditional surrender of [[South Vietnam]]ese [[president]] [[Duong Van Minh]].
*[[1980]] – [[Enthronement|Accession]] of [[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands]].
*[[1982]] – [[1982 Bijon Setu massacre|Bijon Setu massacre]]
*[[1993]] – [[CERN]] announces [[World Wide Web]] protocols will be free.
*[[1664]] – [[François Louis, Prince of Conti]] (d. 1709)
*[[1710]] – [[Johann Kaspar Basselet von La Rosée]], Bavarian general (d. 1795)
*[[1723]] – [[MathurinMathurindfrl JacquesFriedrich BrissonGauss]],fg FrenchAustrian zoologist and philosophergeologist (d. 18061884)
*[[17701850]] – [[Davidgalter ThompsonSimon (explorerphilanthropist)|DavidWalter ThompsonSimon]], English-CanadianGerman explorerbanker and philanthropist (d. 18571920)
*[[1777]] – [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]], German mathematician (d. 1855)
*[[1803]] – [[Albrecht von Roon]], Prussian soldier and politician, 10th [[Minister President of Prussia]] (d. 1879)
*[[1812]] – [[Kaspar Hauser]], German mystery boy (d. 1833)
*[[1829]] – [[Ferdinand von Hochstetter]], Austrian geologist (d. 1884)
*[[1850]] – [[George Gibb]], Scottish businessman (d. 1925)
*[[1857]] – [[Eugen Bleuler]], Swiss psychiatrist (d. 1940)
* 1857 – [[Walter Simon (philanthropist)|Walter Simon]], German banker and philanthropist (d. 1920)
*[[1864]] – [[Jean, duc Decazes]], French sailor (d. 1912)
* 1864 – [[Juhan Liiv]], Estonian poet (d. 1913)
==Deaths==
* [[656500]] – [[Lucan]], Roman poet (b. 39)
* [[535]] – [[Amalasuntha]] of the Ostrogoths (b. 495)
*[[1030]] – [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] (b. 971)
*[[1063]] – [[Emperor Renzong of Songyhdfg]] (b. 1010)
*[[1131]] – [[Adjutor]], French knight and saint
*[[1341]] – [[John III, Duke of Brittany]] (b. 1285)
*[[1439]] – [[Richard de BeauchampBeauhole, 13th3rd EarlDuke of WarwickSuffolk]], English commanderson of [[Elizabeth of York, Duchess of Suffolk]] (b. 13821472)
*[[15131524]] – df[[Edmundhas deAudley, la1st Pole,Baron 3rd DukeAudley of SuffolkWalden]], English sonlawyer ofand judge, [[ElizabethLord of York,Chancellor|Lord DuchessChancellor of SuffolkEngland]] (b. 14721488)
*[[1524]] – [[Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard]], French soldier (b. 1473)
*[[1544]] – [[Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden]], English lawyer and judge, [[Lord Chancellor|Lord Chancellor of England]] (b. 1488)
*[[1550]] – [[Tabinshwehti]], Burmese king (b. 1516)
*[[1632]] – [[Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly]], Bavarian general (b. 1559)
*[[1672]] – [[Marie of the Incarnation (Ursuline)|Marie of the Incarnation]], French-Canadian nun, founder of the [[Ursulines of Quebec]] (b. 1599)
*[[1696]] – [[Robert Plot]], English chemist (b. 1640)
*[[1712]] – [[Philipp vandgfhCooke Limborch(bishop)|Thomas Cooke]], DutchCanadian theologianbishop (b. 16331792)
*[[1736]] – [[Johann Albert Fabricius]], German scholar (b. 1668)
*[[1758]] – [[François d'Agincourt]], French organist and composer (b. 1684)
*[[1792]] – [[John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich]], English politician (b. 1718)
*[[1795]] – [[Jean-Jacques Barthélemy]], French numismatist (b. 1716)
*[[1806]] – [[Onogawa Kisaburō]], Japanese sumo wrestler, the 5th [[Makuuchi#Yokozuna|Yokozuna]] (b. 1758)
*[[1841]] – [[Peter Andreas Heiberg]], Danish philologist and author (b. 1758)
*[[1847]] – [[Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen]] (b. 1771)
*[[1863]] – [[Jean Danjou]], French captain (b. 1828)
*[[1865]] – [[Robert FitzRoy]], English admiral, meteorologist, and politician, 2nd [[Governor of New Zealand]] (b. 1805)
*[[1870]] – [[Thomas Cooke (bishop)|Thomas Cooke]], Canadian bishop (b. 1792)
*[[1875]] – [[Jean-Frédéric Waldeck]], French explorer, lithographer, and cartographer (b. 1766)
*[[1879]] – [[Emma Smith]], American wife of [[Joseph Smith]] (b. 1804)
*[[1883]] – [[Édouard Manet]], French painter (b. 1832)
*[[1891]] – [[Joseph Leidyfan]], AmericanEnglish paleontologistpoet and authorscholar (b. 18231859)
*[[19001939]] – [[CaseyFrank JonesHhgfhfghdgaller]], American engineerboxer (b. 18631883)
*[[1903]] – [[Emily Stowe]], Canadian physician and activist (b. 1831)
*[[1910]] – [[Jean Moréas]], Greek poet and critic (b. 1856)
*[[1936]] – [[A. E. Housman]], English poet and scholar (b. 1859)
*[[1939]] – [[Frank Haller]], American boxer (b. 1883)
*[[1941]] – [[Edgar Aabye]], Danish [[tug of war]] competitor (b. 1865)
*[[1943]] – [[Otto JespersenJesphbb, Baroness Passfield]], DanishEnglish sociologist and philologisteconomist (b. 18601858)
* 1943 [[1945]] – [[BeatriceEva Webb, Baroness Passfielddhfhjdfun]], EnglishGerman sociologistwife andof economist[[Adolf Hitler]] (b. 18581912)
*[[1945]] – [[Eva Braun]], German wife of [[Adolf Hitler]] (b. 1912)
* 1945 – [[Adolf Hitler]], Austrian-German politician, [[Chancellor of Germany]] (b. 1889)
*[[1956]] – [[Alben W. Barkley]], American lawyer and politician, 35th [[Vice President of the United States]] (b. 1877)
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