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{{Short description|Medical bus used to transport and treat several patients at a time}}
[[File:SuperAmbulance2.jpg|right|300px|thumb|A Japanese ambulance bus from the [[Tokyo Fire Department]]]]
[[File:York Region EMS ambulance bus.jpg|thumb|An ambulance bus in [[York Region]], [[Canada]]|alt=]]An '''ambulance bus''' is a type of [[ambulance]] with the capacity to transport and treat multiple [[patients]]. An ambulance bus is used primarily for [[medical evacuation]] of [[Mass-casualty incident|mass casualty incidents]]<ref name="hospitalpreparedness">{{cite web|title=High Point Regional Hospital tests its emergency preparedness|url=http://triad.news14.com/content/local_news/triad/632052/high-point-regional-hospital-tests-its-emergency-preparedness|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719064823/http://triad.news14.com/content/local_news/triad/632052/high-point-regional-hospital-tests-its-emergency-preparedness|archivedate=2011-07-19|accessdate=2010-10-28|publisher=News 14 Carolina}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=First Hospital-Based Mass Evacuation Bus in Hampton {{!}} First Line Tech|url=http://www.firstlinetech.com/first-hospital-based-mass-evacuation-bus-in-hampton-roads-now-based-at-sentara-virginia-beach-general-hospital/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123160622/http://www.firstlinetech.com/first-hospital-based-mass-evacuation-bus-in-hampton-roads-now-based-at-sentara-virginia-beach-general-hospital/|archive-date=2016-01-23|accessdate=2015-08-05|website=www.firstlinetech.com}}</ref> and non-emergency medical transport of care-dependent patients,<ref name="jumbulance">{{cite web|url=http://www.jumbulance.org.uk/faq.html |title=Questions and Answers |accessdate=2007-06-02 |publisher=Jumbulance Travel Trust |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702165512/http://www.jumbulance.org.uk/faq.html |archivedate=2 July 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and can also be used for specific problems such as drunk patients in town centres.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=London Ambulance Service|title=Ambulance crews prepare for party night pressure|url=http://www.londonambulance.nhs.uk/news/news_releases_and_statements/ambulance_crews_prepare_for_p.aspx|date=2008-12-18|access-date=2009-11-08|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303202825/http://www.londonambulance.nhs.uk/news/news_releases_and_statements/ambulance_crews_prepare_for_p.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Aboard the 'Booze Bus'|publisher=BBC News|date=2007-12-17|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/7147646.stm}}</ref>
 
== Applications ==
An '''ambulance bus''', '''medical ambulance bus,''' '''AmBus,''' '''AmbuBus'''<ref name=AmbuBus>{{cite web|title=AmbuBus|url=http://www.ambubus.com |publisher=First Line Technology|accessdate=2 June 2015}}</ref> or '''MAB'''<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Sartin Services|url=http://www.sartinmab.com{{dead link|date=June 2015}}|title=MAB|accessdate=2010-02-03}}</ref> is a type of [[ambulance]] used to transport and treat multiple patients who require ambulance level care. '''Ambulance buses''' have been used for a number of different purposes, including mass casualty incident response, disaster response, offering on-site triage, surge capacity, testing hospital preparedness,<ref name=hospitalpreparedness>{{cite web|url=http://triad.news14.com/content/local_news/triad/632052/high-point-regional-hospital-tests-its-emergency-preparedness{{dead link|date=June 2015}}|title=High Point Regional Hospital tests its emergency preparedness|accessdate=2010-10-28|publisher=News 14 Carolina}}</ref> fire fighter rehabilitation, hospital evacuation, rest home evacuation, taking patients on routine journeys such as holidays for care dependent patients,<ref name=jumbulance>{{cite web|url=http://www.jumbulance.org.uk/faq.html|title=Questions and Answers|accessdate=2007-06-02|publisher=Jumbulance Travel Trust| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20070702165512/http://www.jumbulance.org.uk/faq.html| archivedate= 2 July 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> or to deal with specific problems such as drunken patients in town centres.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=London Ambulance Service|title=Ambulance crews prepare for party night pressure|url=http://www.londonambulance.nhs.uk/news/news_releases_and_statements/ambulance_crews_prepare_for_p.aspx|date=2008-12-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Aboard the 'Booze Bus'|publisher=BBC News|date=2007-12-17|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/7147646.stm}}</ref>
 
===Mass casualty useincident===
[[File:Toronto EMS bus.jpg|thumb|An ambulance bus in [[Toronto|Toronto, Canada]]]]
Ambulance buses can be deployed to major incidents, where multiple patients are present or expected, and can be used in two main ways: The units can act in a stationary capacity as a casualty clearing station, field hospital or treatment center; alternatively, they can be used to transport multiple stretcher- or wheelchair-bound patients from scene to the next definitive point of care.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Sartin Services|url=http://www.sartinservices.com/MAB.html{{dead link|date=June 2015}}|title=Mass casualty ambulance bus}}</ref>
In the event of a major [[disaster]] or evacuation, an ambulance bus can be used to transport multiple patients to the hospital.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alaska National Guardsman participate in mass casualty drill|url=https://www.dvidshub.net/news/124289/alaska-national-guardsman-participate-mass-casualty-drill#.VcJGd5NVhBf|accessdate=2015-08-05}}</ref> The vehicle may be equipped with [[advanced life support]] systems.<ref name="News 14 Carolina">{{cite web|title=High Point Regional Hospital tests its emergency preparedness|url=http://triangle.news14.com/content/video_stories/632052/high-point-regional-hospital-tests-its-emergency-preparedness?ap=1&MP4|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727094921/http://triangle.news14.com/content/video_stories/632052/high-point-regional-hospital-tests-its-emergency-preparedness?ap=1&MP4|archivedate=2011-07-27|accessdate=2010-10-28|publisher=News 14 Carolina}}</ref> Likewise, during an evacuation in advance of a disaster, an ambulance bus can transfer patients in hospitals and nursing homes to care centers out of harm's way.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mass casualty ambulance bus|url=http://www.sartinservices.com/MAB.html|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509191807/http://www.sartinservices.com/MAB.html|archivedate=2008-05-09|publisher=Sartin Services}}</ref>
 
===Non-emergency transport===
'''Medical Ambulance Buses (MABs)''' are designed from the ground up to handle the increased demands of multi-patient treatment and transportation. '''MABs''' provide a large number of stretchered patients<ref name="News 14 Carolina">{{cite web|publisher=News 14 Carolina|title=High Point Regional Hospital tests its emergency preparedness|url=
SomeAn charitiesambulance operatebus ambulancecan be busesused in a patient transport role specifically to allow stretcher -bound patients to takeleave the hospital, such as taking excursions or holidays away from the hospital, whilstwhile still bebeing able to benefitprovide fromthe anecessary fullmedical care service fromduring theirthe healthcare escortsjourney.<ref name="jumbulance" />▼
http://triangle.news14.com/content/video_stories/632052/high-point-regional-hospital-tests-its-emergency-preparedness?ap=1&MP4{{dead link|date=June 2015}}|accessdate=2010-10-28 }}</ref> with oxygen,<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Sartin Services|url=http://www.sartinmab.com/mab/in_oxygen.html{{dead link|date=June 2015}}|title=MAB Oxygen Systems/|accessdate=2010-02-03}}</ref> a controlled climate and the electrical capacity to power essential medical equipment<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Sartin Services|url=http://www.sartinmab.com/mab/in_generator.html{{dead link|date=June 2015}}|title=MAB Generators/|accessdate=2010-02-03}}</ref>
 
== Conversion of existing vehicles ==
In some cases, existing responder vehicles like older school or city buses can be used as casualty transport through the installation of a stretcher conversion kit. These conversion kits are inexpensive alternatives when agencies do not have enough funding for a new ALS/BLS Medical Ambulance Bus. MAB Stretcher Conversion Kits [http://www.sartinservices.com/mab-division/medical-ambulance-bus/bus-to-mab-conversions/] give first responders and municipalities the option of a low cost temporarily installed or permanently installed stretcher conversion kit for responses.
Existing vehicles like buses can be converted into an ambulance bus with the installation of an on-demand ambulance bus kit.<ref>{{Cite web|last=FERGUSON|first=JOHN WAYNE|title=Galveston County OEM in the running for ambulance bus kit|url=https://www.galvnews.com/blogs/newswise/article_a7c28a48-1988-11e3-aad2-001a4bcf6878.html|access-date=2020-08-29|website=The Daily News|date=9 September 2013 |language=en}}</ref> On-demand ambulance bus kits are installed inside any available vehicle on an as-needed basis when the need is anticipated in advance, like in the case of hurricanes or planned hospital maintenance. These kits can be installed temporarily or permanently.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Old school buses converted into ambulances to evacuate nursing homes|url=https://www.wusa9.com/article/news/health/coronavirus/converting-buses-into-ambulances-evacuate-nursing-homes-quickly/65-bcd7b693-9335-41cb-b40f-0c6057c3735e|access-date=2020-08-29|website=wusa9.com|date=23 April 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref>
 
==Evacuation useSee also ==
{{Commons category|Ambulance buses}}
In the event of a major disaster or evacuation, '''ambulance buses''' can be used to transport high volumes of non-ambulatory hospital and nursing home patients out of harm's way. Critical care transport and [[Advanced Life Support]] systems are integrated into each vehicle to accommodate the needs of patients requiring constant intensive care.<ref name="News 14 Carolina"/>
 
* [[Aid station]]
==Patient holiday use==
* [[Field hospital]]
▲Some charities operate ambulance buses in a patient transport role specifically to allow stretcher bound patients to take excursions or holidays away from hospital, whilst still be able to benefit from a full care service from their healthcare escorts.<ref name=jumbulance/>
* [[Hospital ship]]
 
* [[Mobile hospital]]
==Quarantine and isolation buses==
* [[Nontransporting EMS vehicle]]
Some mass casualty buses are specially adapted to for [[CBRN]] incidents and can be used for quarantine or isolation of contaminated patients. These vehicles may have additional features such as a sealed bulkhead to separate the driver compartment from the patient compartment. The equivalent functionality of the ambulance buses may also be built into other vehicles such as [[lorry|lorries]], [[train]]s or other large mass transit vehicles. These mass evacuation buses are well suited to being used for quarantine and containment.
 
==References==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ambulance Bus}}
[[Category:Ambulances|Bus]]
[[Category:Buses by type]]
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