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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox event
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| perpetrator = {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Boko Haram]]
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{{Campaignbox Boko Haram insurgency}}
On the night of 14–15 April 2014, 276 mostly [[Christianity|Christian]] female students aged from 16 to 18 were kidnapped by the [[Islamic terrorism|Islamic terrorist]] group called [[Boko Haram]] from the Government Girls Secondary School at the town of [[Chibok]] in [[Borno State]], [[Nigeria]].<ref name=":7">{{Cite news|date=13 November 2013|title=US names Nigeria's Boko Haram and Ansaru 'terrorists'|language=en-GB|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-24931684|url-status=live|access-date=1 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228212720/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-24931684|archive-date=28 February 2021}}</ref><ref name="GuardApr19">{{cite news|date=19 April 2014|title=88 Nigerian schoolgirls abducted by Islamic extremists still missing|work=[[The Guardian]]|agency=[[Associated Press]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/19/88-nigerian-schoolgirls-abducted-by-islamic-extremists-still-missing|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520072021/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/19/88-nigerian-schoolgirls-abducted-by-islamic-extremists-still-missing|archive-date=20 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Omeni|first=Akali|date=11 April 2017|title=The Chibok Kidnappings in North-East Nigeria: A Military Analysis of Before and After|url=https://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/the-chibok-kidnappings-in-north-east-nigeria-a-military-analysis-of-before-and-after|journal=[[Small Wars Journal]]|volume=14|issue=4|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103171633/https://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/the-chibok-kidnappings-in-north-east-nigeria-a-military-analysis-of-before-and-after|archive-date=3 November 2019|access-date=18 November 2017}}</ref> Prior to the raid, the school had been closed for four weeks due to deteriorating security conditions, but the girls were in attendance in order to take final exams in [[physics]].
57 of the schoolgirls escaped immediately following the incident by jumping from the trucks on which they were being transported, and others have been rescued by the [[Nigerian Armed Forces]] on various occasions.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Romo|first=Vanessa|date=21 February 2018|title=Nigerian Military Rescues 76 Schoolgirls After Alleged Boko Haram Attack|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/02/21/587757512/nigerian-military-rescues-76-schoolgirls-after-alleged-boko-haram-attack|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026063713/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/02/21/587757512/nigerian-military-rescues-76-schoolgirls-after-alleged-boko-haram-attack|archive-date=26 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020|website=[[NPR]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Smith|first1=Alexander|last2=Bratu|first2=Becky|date=20 May 2016|title=Another Schoolgirl Taken by Boko Haram Is Rescued, Nigerian Army Says|work=[[NBC News]]|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/missing-nigeria-schoolgirls/another-schoolgirl-taken-boko-haram-rescued-nigerian-army-says-n577216|access-date=20 June 2021|archive-date=27 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027005639/https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/missing-nigeria-schoolgirls/another-schoolgirl-taken-boko-haram-rescued-nigerian-army-says-n577216|url-status=live}}</ref> Hopes have been raised that the 219 remaining girls might be released, however some girls are believed to be dead.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Strochlic|first=Nina|date=March 2020|title=Six years ago, Boko Haram kidnapped 276 schoolgirls. Where are they now?|website=[[National Geographic Society]]|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/six-years-ago-boko-haram-kidnapped-276-schoolgirls-where-are-they-now|url-status=
Some have described their capture in appearances at international human rights conferences.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xat2T31waGM|title= "I escaped Boko Haram" – A Nigerian girl who was kidnapped with 270 others ("Bring Back Our Girls")|website= [[YouTube]]|date= 25 February 2015|access-date= 4 March 2016|archive-date= 14 April 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180414161925/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xat2T31waGM|url-status= live}}</ref> Boko Haram has used the girls as negotiating pawns in [[prisoner exchange]]s, offering to release some girls in exchange for some of their captured commanders in jail.
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On 6 July 2013, armed men from Boko Haram attacked Government Secondary School in Mamudo, [[Yobe State]], killing at least 42 people. Most of those killed were students, with some staff members among the dead.<ref name="AFP" /> On 29 September 2013, armed men from Boko Haram gained access to the male hostel in the College of Agriculture in Gujba, Yobe State, killing forty-four students and teachers.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Adamu|first1=Adamu|last2=Faul|first2=Michelle|date=29 September 2013|title=Boko Haram blamed after attack on Nigerian college leaves as many as 50 dead|newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]]|agency=[[Associated Press]]|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/at-least-42-killed-18-injured-in-nigeria-college-attack-by-suspected-islamic-extremists/article14589188/|url-status=dead|access-date=1 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002234600/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/at-least-42-killed-18-injured-in-nigeria-college-attack-by-suspected-islamic-extremists/article14589188/|archive-date=2 October 2013}}</ref>
Boko Haram's attacks intensified in 2014. In February, the group killed more than 100 Christian men in the villages of [[Doron Baga]] and [[Izghe]].<ref name=USAToday /> That same month, 59 boys were killed in the [[Federal Government College attack]] in northeastern Nigeria.<ref name="theguardian-article">{{cite news|date=25 February 2014|title=Boko Haram kills 59 children at Nigerian boarding school|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|agency=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/25/boko-haram-kills-children-boarding-school|access-date=6 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226141016/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/25/boko-haram-kills-children-boarding-school|archive-date=26 February 2014}}</ref> In March, the group attacked the Giwa military barracks, freeing captured militants.<ref name = USAToday /> The Chibok abduction occurred on the same day as [[April 2014 Abuja bombing|a bombing attack in Abuja]] in which at least 88 people died.<ref name=GuardApr23>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/apr/23/200-girls-missing-nigeria-care-sewol-tragedy|title=200 girls are missing in Nigeria – so why doesn't anybody care?|first=Anne|last=Perkins|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=23 April 2014|access-date=23 April 2014|archive-date=22 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522145259/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/apr/23/200-girls-missing-nigeria-care-sewol-tragedy|url-status=live}}</ref> The road leading to Chibok is frequently targeted due to the fact that there is little to no government protection for commuters for the village.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Mbah|first=Fidelis|date=14 April 2019|title=Nigeria's Chibok schoolgirls: Five years on, 112 still missing|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/4/14/nigerias-chibok-schoolgirls-five-years-on-112-still-missing|url-status=live|access-date=20 June 2021|website=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]|archive-date=16 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316175219/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/4/14/nigerias-chibok-schoolgirls-five-years-on-112-still-missing}}</ref> Boko Haram was blamed for nearly 4,000 deaths in 2014.<ref name=USAToday/> Training received from [[al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb]] and [[al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula]] has helped Boko Haram intensify its attacks.<ref name="sell">{{cite news|last1=Abubakar|first1=Aminu|last2=Levs|first2=Josh|date=5 May 2014|title='I will sell them,' Boko Haram leader says of kidnapped Nigerian girls|work=[[CNN]]|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/05/05/world/africa/nigeria-abducted-girls/|url-status=live|access-date=5 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505155919/http://www.cnn.com/2014/05/05/world/africa/nigeria-abducted-girls/|archive-date=5 May 2014}}</ref>
[[Jonathan N.C. Hill]] of King's College London has suggested that Boko Haram kidnapped these girls after coming increasingly under the influence of [[al-Qaeda]] in the Islamic Maghreb, and asserts that the group's goal is to use girls and young women as sexual objects and as a means of intimidating the civilian population into compliance. Hill describes the attacks as similar to the kidnapping of girls in Algeria in the 1990s and early 2000s.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hill|first1=Jonathan N.C.|date=30 July 2014|title=Boko Haram, the Chibok Abductions and Nigeria's Counterterrorism Strategy|url=https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/boko-haram-the-chibok-abductions-and-nigerias-counterterrorism-strategy|journal=Combating Terrorism Center at West Point|access-date=4 September 2014|archive-date=4 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904160609/https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/boko-haram-the-chibok-abductions-and-nigerias-counterterrorism-strategy|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Marina Lazreg, "Consequences of Political Liberalisation and Sociocultural Mobilisation for Women in Algeria, Egypt and Jordan," in Anne-Marie Goetz, Governing Women: Women's Political Effectiveness in Contexts of Democratisation and Governance Reform (New York: Routledge/UNRISD, 2009), p. 47.</ref>
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In the immediate aftermath of the attack, local vigilantes and parents searched the Sambisa forest in an attempt to locate and rescue some of the kidnapped girls, however were unsuccessful in finding any of the captives.<ref name=":10" />
The school had been closed for four weeks before the attack due to deteriorating security conditions, however students from multiple schools and villages were in attendance at the time of the raid to take final exams in [[Physics]].<ref name="GuardApr23" /><ref name="VOA52" /> There were 530 students registered to participate in Senior Secondary Certificate Examination at the Government Girls Secondary School, although it is unclear how many were in attendance at the time of the attack.<ref name="AA52" /> The children were aged from 16 to 18 years of age and were in their final year of school.<ref name="BBC" /> There was initial confusion over the number of girls kidnapped, with the Nigerian military initially incorrectly claiming in a statement that the majority of the girls had escaped or been released and only eight were still unaccounted for.<ref name=":23">{{Cite news|last=Omolade|first=Temitope|date=5 August 2016|title=Timeline on Nigeria's missing Chibok schoolgirls|work=[[Deutsche Welle]]|url=https://www.dw.com/en/timeline-on-nigerias-missing-chibok-schoolgirls/a-19266328|access-date=15 June 2021|archive-date=25 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525023224/https://www.dw.com/en/timeline-on-nigerias-missing-chibok-schoolgirls/a-19266328|url-status=live}}</ref> Parents said that 234 girls were missing,<ref name="USAToday" /> however according to the local police approximately 276 children were taken in the attack, of whom 53 had escaped by 2 May.<ref name="AA52" /> It is widely accepted that initially 276 girls were kidnapped.<ref name=":23" /> Other reports gave various other figures for the number of kidnapped and missing students.<ref name="VOA52" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Maclean|first=Ruth|date=3 May 2014|title=Nigerian school says 329 girl pupils missing|newspaper=[[The Times]]|url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/africa/article4079819.ece|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=10 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208033452/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/africa/article4079819.ece|archive-date=8 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Chomiak|first1=Catherine|last2=Gittens|first2=Hasani|date=13 May 2014|title=United States Sending Manned Flights Over Nigeria to Look for Girls|newspaper=[[
[[Amnesty International]] condemned the Nigerian government, stating that it believed that the Nigerian military had a four hour advance warning of the kidnapping but failed to send reinforcements to protect the school.<ref name="BBCMay9">{{cite web|date=9 May 2014|title=Nigeria abductions: Warnings of school raid 'ignored'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-27344863|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140509171820/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-27344863|archive-date=9 May 2014|access-date=9 May 2014|work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> The Nigerian military later confirmed that they had a four-hour advance notice of the attack but stated that their over-extended forces were unable to mobilize reinforcements.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Macdonald|first1=Hamish|last2=Omisore|first2=Bola|date=9 May 2014|title=Nigeria Had 4-Hour Warning on School Raid, Amnesty International Says|work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/nigeria-hour-warning-school-raid-amnesty-international/story?id=23652165|url-status=live|access-date=27 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724160504/https://abcnews.go.com/International/nigeria-hour-warning-school-raid-amnesty-international/story?id=23652165|archive-date=24 July 2020}}</ref>
==Aftermath==
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Boko Haram leader [[Abubakar Shekau]] claimed responsibility for the kidnappings in a video released shortly after 1pm on 5 May.<ref name=":13">{{Cite magazine|title=How a Hashtag Went Viral—and Incited a Military Intervention|language=en-us|magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|url=https://www.wired.com/story/bring-back-our-girls-international-rallying-cry/|url-status=live|access-date=28 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313112003/https://www.wired.com/story/bring-back-our-girls-international-rallying-cry/|archive-date=13 March 2021|issn=1059-1028}}</ref> Shekau claimed that "Allah instructed me to sell them... I will carry out his instructions",<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|date=5 May 2014|title=Boko Haram admits abducting Nigeria girls from Chibok|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-27283383|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130005647/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-27283383|archive-date=30 November 2018|access-date=5 May 2014|work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> and that "[[Islamic views on slavery|Slavery is allowed in my religion]], and I shall capture people and make them [[Ma malakat aymanukum|slaves]]."<ref name=CNNEssenceTerror>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/05/06/world/africa/nigeria-boko-haram-analysis/|agency=[[CNN]]|title=Boko Haram: The essence of terror|last=Lister|first=Tim|date=6 May 2014|access-date=13 May 2014|archive-date=13 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513033040/http://www.cnn.com/2014/05/06/world/africa/nigeria-boko-haram-analysis/|url-status=live}}</ref> He said the girls should not have been in school and instead should have been married since girls as young as nine are suitable for marriage.<ref name=BBC/><ref name=CNNEssenceTerror/> Another video was released a week later, which showed about 130 girls dressed in hijabs and long Islamic [[chador]]s. This was the first public sighting of the girls since they were abducted from Chibok.<ref name=":11">{{Cite news|last=Nossiter|first=Adam|date=13 May 2014|title=Nigerian Girls Seen in Video From Militants|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/13/world/africa/boko-haram-video-kidnapped-nigerian-girls.html|url-status=live|url-access=limited|access-date=21 June 2021|archive-date=9 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209045914/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/13/world/africa/boko-haram-video-kidnapped-nigerian-girls.html}}</ref> In this video, Shekau acknowledged that many of the girls were not Muslims, but that some had converted to Islam<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 May 2014|title=Nigeria abductions: Timeline of events|language=en-GB|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27342757|url-status=live|access-date=27 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309181903/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27342757|archive-date=9 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=14 May 2014|title=Nigeria abduction video: Schoolgirls 'recognised'|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-27389082|url-status=live|access-date=22 June 2021|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308024331/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-27389082}}</ref> and that they would "treat them well the way the [[Muhammad|Prophet Muhammad]] treated the infidels he seized".<ref name=":11" /> Shekau also mentioned that he would not release the girls until captured Boko Haram militants in prison were released, raising the possibility of a [[prisoner exchange]] with the Nigerian government.<ref name=":11" />
Following the Chibok kidnapping, several attacks linked to Boko Haram occurred in Nigeria. On 5 May, at least 300 residents of the nearby town of [[Gamboru Ngala]] were killed in [[2014 Gamboru Ngala attack|an attack]] by Boko Haram militants after Nigerian security forces left the town to search for the kidnapped students.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Faul|first=Michelle|date=7 May 2014|title=Islamic militant attack in Nigeria kills hundreds|work=[[Associated Press]]|url=https://apnews.com/article/fda9096e64674d439445ecc87ee0e3b7|access-date=22 June 2021|archive-date=22 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622184944/https://apnews.com/article/fda9096e64674d439445ecc87ee0e3b7|url-status=live}}</ref> The next day, Boko Haram militants abducted 8 girls aged between 12 and 15 from northeastern Nigeria.<ref>{{cite news|date=6 May 2014|title=Boko Haram kidnaps more girls in Nigeria|work=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|agency=[[Reuters]]|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-05-06/an-boko-haram-kidnap-more-girls-in-nigeria/5435050|url-status=live|access-date=6 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140511102650/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-05-06/an-boko-haram-kidnap-more-girls-in-nigeria/5435050|archive-date=11 May 2014}}</ref> In the night of 13 to 14 May, Boko Haram [[Chibok ambush|ambushed a military convoy]] that was searching for the abductees near Chibok, killing twelve soldiers and wounding several others. The incident led to mutiny of government forces at [[Maiduguri]], reducing the ability of the Nigerian Army to rescue the schoolgirls.<ref>{{Citation|last=Burns|first=Rick|year=2015|title=Threat Tactics Report: Boko Haram, TRADOC G-2 ACE Threats Integration|publisher=[[United States Army Training and Doctrine Command]]|page=9,10|url=https://info.publicintelligence.net/USArmy-BokoHaram.pdf|access-date=26 March 2021|archive-date=12 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312165947/https://info.publicintelligence.net/USArmy-BokoHaram.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Between 20 and 23 June, 91 women and children were [[June 2014 Borno State attacks|abducted in other areas of Borno State]] by Boko Haram militants,<ref name="other">{{cite news|last1=Pflanz|first1=Mike|last2=Strange|first2=Hannah|date=23 June 2014|title=Islamist fighters 'kidnap 90 women and children' from Nigeria villages|work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/10922087/Islamist-fighters-kidnap-90-women-and-children-from-Nigeria-villages.html|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=25 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625083453/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/10922087/Islamist-fighters-kidnap-90-women-and-children-from-Nigeria-villages.html|archive-date=25 June 2014}}</ref> with an estimated 600 girls held by Boko Haram in three camps outside Nigeria by this stage.<ref>{{cite news|last=Haynes|first=Deborah|date=9 June 2014|title=More than 600 girls kidnapped by Boko Haram militants|work=[[The Times]]|url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/africa/article4112853.ece|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=13 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817015338/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/africa/article4112853.ece|archive-date=17 August 2016}}</ref> Boko Haram once again attacked Chibok and other nearby villages on 22 July, killing at least 51 people, including 11 parents of the abducted girls.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 July 2014|title=Boko Haram attacks hometown of missing girls|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/7/22/boko-haram-attacks-hometown-of-missing-girls|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420170649/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/7/22/boko-haram-attacks-hometown-of-missing-girls|archive-date=20 April 2021|access-date=27 March 2021|website=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]|language=en}}</ref>
A journalist-brokered deal to secure the release of the girls in exchange for 100 Boko Haram prisoners held in Nigerian jails was scrapped at a late stage on 24 May after President Goodluck Jonathan consulted with U.S., Israeli, French and British foreign ministers in Paris, where the consensus was that no deals should be struck with terrorists, and that a solution involving force was required.<ref name="ExchangeScrapped">{{cite news|title=Nigerian government 'called off deal' to free kidnapped girls|url=http://www.nigeriasun.com/index.php/sid/222347979/scat/8db1f72cde37faf3/ht/Nigerian-government-called-off-deal-to-free-kidnapped-girls|access-date=27 May 2014|work=Nigeria Sun|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528021909/http://www.nigeriasun.com/index.php/sid/222347979/scat/8db1f72cde37faf3/ht/Nigerian-government-called-off-deal-to-free-kidnapped-girls|archive-date=28 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=26 May 2014|title=Nigeria kidnapped girls: Government 'called off deal'|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-27577968|url-status=live|access-date=22 June 2021|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112023449/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-27577968}}</ref> On 26 May, the Nigerian Chief of Defence Staff announced that the Nigerian security forces had located the kidnapped girls, but ruled out a forceful rescue attempt for fears of collateral damage.<ref name="BBC 26 May 2014">{{cite news|date=27 May 2014|title=Nigeria army 'knows where Boko Haram are holding girls'|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27582873|url-status=live|access-date=27 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527023132/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27582873|archive-date=27 May 2014}}</ref> Two of the kidnapped girls were found raped, "half-dead", and tied to a tree on 30 May by a civilian militia in the Baale region of Northeastern Nigeria.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theparadigmng.com/?p=18056|title=#BringBackOurGirls: Two Chibok Girls Raped And Left To Die In Sambisa Forest By Boko Haram|work=The Paradigm|date=19 May 2014|access-date=8 June 2014|archive-date=29 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129154600/http://www.theparadigmng.com/?p=18056|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Spegel">{{cite news|last1=Grill|first1=Bartholomaus|last2=Selander|first2=Toby|date=30 May 2014|title=The Devil in Nigeria: Boko Haram's Reign of Terror|language=en|work=[[Der Spiegel]]|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/boko-haram-continues-to-terrorize-northern-nigeria-a-972282.html|url-status=live|access-date=1 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915081728/http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/boko-haram-continues-to-terrorize-northern-nigeria-a-972282.html|archive-date=15 September 2016}}</ref> Villagers said that Boko Haram had left the two girls and had killed four other disobedient girls and buried them.<ref name="Spegel" /> Another 4 girls escaped later in the year, walking for three weeks and reaching safety by 12 October. They said they had been held in a camp in Cameroon and raped every day.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Maclean|first=Ruth|date=12 October 2014|title=Kidnapped Boko Haram girls make long walk to freedom|work=[[The Times]]|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/kidnapped-boko-haram-girls-make-long-walk-to-freedom-793qjjfnzgk|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=22 June 2021|archive-date=25 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525000027/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/kidnapped-boko-haram-girls-make-long-walk-to-freedom-793qjjfnzgk}}</ref>
It was reported on 26 June that the Nigerian government had signed a contract worth more than $1.2 million with Levick, a [[Washington, D.C.]] public relations firm to work on "the international and local media narrative" surrounding the Chibok schoolgirl kidnapping.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Wilson|first=Megan|date=26 June 2014|title=Nigeria hires PR for Boko Haram fallout|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|url=https://thehill.com/business-a-lobbying/210635-nigeria-hires-pr-for-boko-haram-fallout|url-status=live|access-date=22 June 2021|archive-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002072558/https://thehill.com/business-a-lobbying/210635-nigeria-hires-pr-for-boko-haram-fallout}}</ref><ref name=":20">{{Cite news|last=Mnthali|first=Luso|date=1 July 2014|title=Nigeria signs $1.2m PR deal to improve image after Boko Haram kidnaps|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/01/nigerian-government-pr-deal-chibok|url-status=live|access-date=22 June 2021|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112000452/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/01/nigerian-government-pr-deal-chibok}}</ref> The contract was labeled a waste of money by President Jonathan's critics.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Cocks|first=Tim|date=8 July 2014|title=Jonathan's PR offensive backfires in Nigeria and abroad|language=en|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/nigeria-violence-jonathan-idUSL2N0PJ0CP20140708|url-status=live|access-date=27 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420170620/https://www.reuters.com/article/nigeria-violence-jonathan-idUSL2N0PJ0CP20140708|archive-date=20 April 2021}}</ref> Jonathan was criticized for a lack of communication regarding the kidnapping
On 1 July, a businessman suspected of carrying out the kidnappings of the school girls, as well as the bombing of a busy market in northeastern Nigeria, was arrested. Military sources said that he was also accused of helping the Islamist militant group kill the traditional leader [[Idrissa Timta]], the Emir of Gwoza.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ola|first=Lanre|date=1 July 2014|title=Bomb kills 20 in Nigeria market, girls' abduction suspect held|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-violence-idUSKBN0F63LL20140701|url-status=live|access-date=22 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907181431/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-violence-idUSKBN0F63LL20140701|archive-date=7 September 2020}}</ref> Two weeks later, Zakaria Mohammed, a high-ranking member of [[Boko Haram]], was arrested at Darazo-Basrika Road while fleeing from counterinsurgency operations around the Balmo Forest.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pearson|first=Michael|date=15 July 2014|title=Nigerian police say they've arrested senior Boko Haram member|work=[[CNN]]|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2014/07/15/world/africa/nigeria-boko-haram-arrest/|url-status=live|access-date=22 June 2021|archive-date=14 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214041133/https://edition.cnn.com/2014/07/15/world/africa/nigeria-boko-haram-arrest}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channelstv.com/2014/07/15/police-arrests-another-high-ranking-member-boko-haram/|title=Police Arrests Another High Ranking Member of Boko Haram|work=Channels Television|access-date=21 July 2014|archive-date=3 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503173944/http://www.channelstv.com/2014/07/15/police-arrests-another-high-ranking-member-boko-haram/|url-status=live}}</ref>
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Boko Haram released another video in April showing 15 girls who appeared to be Chibok girls, at which point at least 219 of those originally kidnapped were still missing.<ref name="BBC20160414">{{cite news|date=14 April 2016|title=Nigeria Chibok girls 'shown alive' in Boko Haram video|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-36041635|url-status=live|access-date=14 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414100053/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-36041635|archive-date=14 April 2016}}</ref> The video was reportedly taken in December 2015, and the girls seemed to show no signs of distress, though it is possible that the militants selected the girls on the video specifically to give the impression all the Chibok girls were in good health.
Chibok schoolgirl [[Amina Ali (hostage)|Amina Ali Nkeki]] was found on 17 May by the vigilante [[Civilian Joint Task Force]] group in the Sambisa Forest, along with her baby and Mohammad Hayyatu, a suspected Boko Haram militant who claimed to be her husband.<ref name=":9">{{Cite news|last=Busari|first=Stephanie|date=29 January 2021|title=Several remaining missing Chibok schoolgirls escape from Boko Haram|work=[[CNN]]|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/01/29/africa/nigeria-chibok-girls-escape-intl/index.html|access-date=7 July 2021|archive-date=6 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706033526/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/01/29/africa/nigeria-chibok-girls-escape-intl/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> All three were suffering from severe malnutrition when they were found.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lamb|first=Christina|date=22 May 2016|title=Parents raise hopes as Chibok escapee says other girls alive|work=[[The Sunday Times]]|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/parents-raise-hopes-as-chibok-escapee-says-other-girls-alive-cpw7rpv3m|url-access=subscription|access-date=12 July 2021|archive-date=27 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727005748/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/parents-raise-hopes-as-chibok-escapee-says-other-girls-alive-cpw7rpv3m|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=bbc36321249/> She was then taken to house of the group's leader Aboku Gaji who recognised her. The group then reunited the girl with her parents.<ref name="bbc36321249">{{Cite news|date=18 May 2016|title=Chibok girls: Kidnapped schoolgirl found in Nigeria|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-36321249|access-date=7 July 2021|archive-date=18 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160518142316/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-36321249|url-status=live}}</ref> She met Nigerian President [[Muhammadu Buhari]] on 19 May.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 May 2016|title=Chibok girls: Amina Ali Nkeki meets President Buhari|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-36328583|access-date=12 July 2021|archive-date=4 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204153416/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-36328583|url-status=live}}</ref> Government officials announced the same day that the Nigerian army and vigilante groups had killed 35 Boko Haram militants, freed 97 women and children and claimed one of the women was a Chibok schoolgirl.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Stein|first1=Chris|last2=Searcey|first2=Dionne|date=19 May 2016|title=Another Chibok Schoolgirl Kidnapped by Boko Haram Is Found, Nigeria Says|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/20/world/africa/boko-haram-abducted-nigeria-schoolgirls-found-rescue-chibok.html|url-access=limited|access-date=7 July 2021|archive-date=26 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160926143930/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/20/world/africa/boko-haram-abducted-nigeria-schoolgirls-found-rescue-chibok.html|url-status=live}}</ref> However, there were doubts that this girl, Serah Luka, was really one of the kidnapped Chibok schoolgirls.<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 May 2016|title=Boko Haram abductees freed in Nigeria|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-36338989|access-date=7 July 2021|archive-date=22 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522184334/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-36338989|url-status=live}}</ref> On 21 May 2016, Amir Muhammad Abdullahi, who claimed to be the Boko Haram second in command and speaker for several senior militants, offered to surrender so long as they would not be harmed, and in return they would release hostages, including the Chibok girls. However, when talking about the Chibok girls, he said that "...frankly, just about a third of them remain, as the rest have been martyred".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kelly|first=Jeremy|date=21 May 2016|title=Boko Haram willing to release more Chibok girls|work=[[The Times]]|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/boko-haram-willing-to-release-more-chibok-girls-wzmq6js3h|url-access=subscription|access-date=7 July 2021|archive-date=9 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309113534/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/boko-haram-willing-to-release-more-chibok-girls-wzmq6js3h|url-status=live}}</ref>
In August the Nigerian military announced they had launched an air attack on Boko Haram's headquarters in the Sambisa Forest, claiming to have killed several commanders and seriously wounded the leader Abubakar Shekau.<ref>{{Cite news|date=23 August 2016|title=Boko Haram crisis: Nigeria air strike 'kills commanders'|language=en-GB|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37163949|url-status=live|access-date=24 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108101229/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37163949|archive-date=8 November 2020}}</ref> Later reports suggested the attack also killed 10 of the Chibok girls and wounded 30 others.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|last=Burke|first=Jason|date=20 February 2021|title=Smuggled diary tells how abducted women survived Boko Haram camp|language=en-GB|work=[[The Observer]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/20/smuggled-diary-tells-how-abducted-women-survived-boko-haram-camp|url-status=live|access-date=24 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210223235214/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/20/smuggled-diary-tells-how-abducted-women-survived-boko-haram-camp|archive-date=23 February 2021|issn=0029-7712}}</ref> Later in the month Boko Haram released a video of what appeared to be about 50 Chibok girls, some holding babies, with an armed masked spokesman who demanded the release of jailed fighters in exchange for the girls' freedom.<ref>{{Cite news|date=14 August 2016|title=Nigeria Chibok girls: Boko Haram video shows captives|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-37076644|access-date=7 July 2021|archive-date=15 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815001908/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-37076644|url-status=live}}</ref> The masked gunman said some of the Chibok girls had been killed by Nigerian air strikes and 40 had been married. The film was apparently released on the orders of [[Abubakar Shekau]], the leader of one of the factions of Boko Haram.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kelly|first=Jeremy|date=15 August 2016|title=Kidnapped Nigerian girls in video plea for freedom|work=[[The Times]]|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/kidnapped-nigerian-girls-in-video-plea-for-freedom-bqcjns87c|url-access=subscription|access-date=7 July 2021|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803115419/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/kidnapped-nigerian-girls-in-video-plea-for-freedom-bqcjns87c|url-status=live}}</ref>
21 of the Chibok schoolgirls were released in October by Boko Haram after negotiations between the group and the Nigerian government, brokered by [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] and the [[Swiss government]].<ref name="BBC197">{{cite news|date=16 October 2016|title=Chibok girls: Freed students reunite with families in Nigeria|newspaper=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37674597|url-status=live|access-date=16 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017132335/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37674597|archive-date=17 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=13 October 2016|title=Nigeria's Chibok schoolgirls freed in Boko Haram deal|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-37641101|url-status=live|access-date=13 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013104706/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-37641101|archive-date=13 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Zahn|first=Harry|date=13 October 2016|title=Boko Haram releases 21 kidnapped Nigerian schoolgirls. Some 197 are still missing|work=[[PBS NewsHour]]|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/boko-haram-releases-21-kidnapped-nigerian-schoolgirls-197-still-missing|access-date=7 July 2021|archive-date=13 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813125015/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/boko-haram-releases-21-kidnapped-nigerian-schoolgirls-197-still-missing|url-status=live}}</ref> A child born to one of the girls and believed by medical personnel to be about 20 months old also was released.<ref name="CNN">{{Cite news|last1=Busari|first1=Stephanie|last2=Hanna|first2=Jason|last3=Karimi|first3=Faith|date=14 October 2016|title=Boko Haram releases 21 Chibok girls to Nigerian government|work=[[CNN]]|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/10/13/africa/nigeria-chibok-girls-released/|url-status=live|access-date=7 July 2021|archive-date=29 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190429055342/https://edition.cnn.com/2016/10/13/africa/nigeria-chibok-girls-released/}}</ref> On 16 October, President Buhari's spokesperson stated that the ISIL-allied faction of Boko Haram was willing to negotiate the release of 83 more of the girls. According to him, the splinter group had stated that the rest of the girls were under the control of Shekau-led faction.<ref>{{cite news|date=16 October 2016|title=Negotiations to release of 83 Chibok girls|newspaper=Yahoo7|url=https://au.news.yahoo.com/world/a/32919274/negotiations-to-release-of-83-chibok-girls/#page1|url-status=dead|access-date=17 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019001841/https://au.news.yahoo.com/world/a/32919274/negotiations-to-release-of-83-chibok-girls/#page1|archive-date=19 October 2016}}</ref> Two days later, Pogu Bitrus, the chairman of the Chibok Development Association, claimed that more than 100 of the missing girls apparently did not want to return home because they had either been brainwashed or were fearful of the stigma they will receive.<ref>{{cite news|last=Withnall|first=Adam|date=18 October 2016|title=Nigeria: More than 100 Chibok schoolgirls 'don't want to be freed from Boko Haram'|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/nigeria-boko-haram-chibok-schoolgirls-100-do-not-want-to-leave-a7368026.html|url-status=live|access-date=21 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020114353/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/nigeria-boko-haram-chibok-schoolgirls-100-do-not-want-to-leave-a7368026.html|archive-date=20 October 2016}}</ref> Another girl named Maryam Ali Maiyanga was found along with a baby and rescued by the Nigerian Army on 5 November. The spokesman for the army, Sani Usman, said that she was found in Pulka, [[Borno State]] whilst screening escapees from Boko Haram's Sambisa forest base.<ref>{{cite news|date=5 November 2016|title=Kidnapped Chibok schoolgirl found by Nigerian army|newspaper=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/11/5/kidnapped-chibok-schoolgirl-found-by-nigerian-army|url-status=live|access-date=6 November 2016|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183400/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/11/5/kidnapped-chibok-schoolgirl-found-by-nigerian-army}}</ref> She was confirmed to be one of those kidnapped at Chibok by Bring Back Our Girls.<ref name="BBOGconfirm">{{cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201611050291.html|title=Nigeria: #BringBackOurGirls Lauds Buhari, Army for Rescue of Another Chibok Girl|author=Opeyemi Kehinde|date=5 November 2016|newspaper=allAfrica|access-date=6 November 2016|archive-date=6 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161106184625/http://allafrica.com/stories/201611050291.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="N24NGBBOGconfirm">{{cite news|url=http://www.news24.com.ng/National/News/bringbackourgirls-group-confirms-rescue-of-chibok-girl-maryam-ali-20161105|title=#BringBackOurGirls group confirms rescue of Chibok girl, Maryam Ali|date=5 November 2016|newspaper=News24 Nigeria|access-date=6 November 2016|archive-date=6 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161106185254/http://www.news24.com.ng/National/News/bringbackourgirls-group-confirms-rescue-of-chibok-girl-maryam-ali-20161105|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Events in 2017===
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One of the kidnapped girls, Rakiya Abubakar, was reported on 5 January to have been found by the Nigerian Army along with a 6-month-old baby while they were interrogating suspects detained in army raids on the Sambisa forest.<ref name="CBS">{{Cite news|date=5 January 2017|title=Nigerian girl kidnapped by Boko Haram, now a mother, found with baby|work=[[CBS News]]|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nigerian-chibok-girl-kidnapped-by-boko-haram-found-baby-nearly-200-still-missing/|url-status=live|access-date=8 July 2021|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112031130/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nigerian-chibok-girl-kidnapped-by-boko-haram-found-baby-nearly-200-still-missing/}}</ref> Her identity was later confirmed by Bring Back Our Girls group.<ref>{{cite news|last=Okakwu|first=Evelyn|date=5 January 2017|title=Bring Back Our Girls group confirms identity of rescued Chibok girl|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/219713-bring-back-girls-group-confirms-identity-rescued-chibok-girl.html|url-status=live|access-date=6 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407053859/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/219713-bring-back-girls-group-confirms-identity-rescued-chibok-girl.html|archive-date=7 April 2017}}</ref>
82 further schoolgirls were released on 6 May following successful negotiations between the Nigerian government and Boko Haram, involving the exchange of five Boko Haram leaders.<ref name="auto">{{cite news|last1=Busari|first1=Stephanie|last2=McCleary|first2=Kelly|date=7 May 2017|title=82 Chibok schoolgirls released in Nigeria|work=[[CNN]]|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/06/africa/chibok-girls-released/index.html|url-status=live|access-date=7 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418233845/https://www.cnn.com/2017/05/06/africa/chibok-girls-released/index.html|archive-date=18 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Onuah|first1=Felix|last2=Kingimi|first2=Ahmed|date=6 May 2017|title=Nigeria exchanges 82 Chibok girls kidnapped by Boko Haram for prisoners|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-security-idUSKBN1820P1|url-status=live|access-date=8 July 2021|archive-date=7 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507001419/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-security-idUSKBN1820P1}}</ref><ref name="correspondent">{{Cite news|last1=Maclean|first1=Ruth|last2=Ross|first2=Alice|date=7 May 2017|title=82 Chibok schoolgirls freed in exchange for five Boko Haram leaders|language=en-GB|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/07/chibok-schoolgirls-familes-await-as-82-are-freed-by-boko-haram-exchange-prison|url-status=live|access-date=8 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507233257/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/07/chibok-schoolgirls-familes-await-as-82-are-freed-by-boko-haram-exchange-prison|archive-date=7 May 2017|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> The negotiations were carried out by Mustapha Zanna, barrister and owner of an orphanage in Maiduguri. The deal also involved the intervention of the human security division of Swiss government's foreign ministry<ref name=":3" /> and the [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|Red Cross]].<ref name="correspondent"/> 3 million
U.S. President [[Donald Trump]] met Chibok schoolgirls Joy Bishara and Lydia Pogu at the [[White House]] on 27 June, who were due to start education at [[Southeastern University (Florida)|Southeastern University]] in [[Florida]].<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|last=Gaffey|first=Conor|date=10 July 2017|title=Donald Trump received support from two Nigerian girls kidnapped by Boko Haram|url=https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-nigeria-boko-haram-girls-634300|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028005541/https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-nigeria-boko-haram-girls-634300|archive-date=28 October 2020|access-date=28 March 2021|website=[[Newsweek]]|language=en}}</ref> Bishara and Pogu delivered a letter to Trump, urging him to "keep America safe and strong".<ref name=":12" />
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===Events in 2018===
The Nigerian military stated on 4 January that it had rescued Salomi Pogu, another of the kidnapped girls. Col. Onyema Nwachukwu stated that she was rescued near Pulka, Borno. She was found in the company of another young woman and her child.<ref name="TJT">{{Cite news|date=5 January 2018|title=Nigeria confirms missing Chibok girl No. 86 found nearly four years after abduction|work=[[The Japan Times]]|agency=[[Associated Press]]|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/01/05/world/nigeria-confirms-missing-chibok-girl-no-86-found-nearly-four-years-abduction/|url-status=dead|access-date=6 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105044055/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/01/05/world/nigeria-confirms-missing-chibok-girl-no-86-found-nearly-four-years-abduction/|archive-date=5 January 2018}}</ref> In February 2018 most of the released girls were studying at the American University of Nigeria not far from the original scene of the kidnapping at Chibok.<ref name=":1" /> It was estimated that 13 girls were presumed dead and 112 were still missing.<ref name=":1" /> In September 2018, Ali Garga, a Boko Haram militant, offered to free 40 of the remaining Chibok schoolgirls. However, he was tortured and killed by other Boko Haram members when they found out what he was doing.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Oduah|first=Chika|date=9 July 2020|title='Mama Boko Haram': one woman's extraordinary mission to rescue 'her boys' from terrorism|language=en-GB|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/09/mama-boko-haram-nigeria-maiduguri|url-status=live|access-date=9 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709053202/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/09/mama-boko-haram-nigeria-maiduguri|archive-date=9 July 2020|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> In July Nigerian police arrested and charged eight Boko Haram fighters allegedly involved in the kidnapping,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Boko Haram fighters who abducted Chibok girls captured|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/7/19/nigeria-captures-boko-haram-fighters-who-abducted-chibok-girls|access-date=19 April 2021|website=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]|language=en|archive-date=18 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318035538/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/7/19/nigeria-captures-boko-haram-fighters-who-abducted-chibok-girls|url-status=live}}</ref> with one defendant convicted and sentenced to 20 years in [[prison]].<ref>{{cite web|date=15 April 2019|title=Nigeria: 5 Years After Chibok, Children Still at Risk|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/04/15/nigeria-5-years-after-chibok-children-still-risk|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416233657/https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/04/15/nigeria-5-years-after-chibok-children-still-risk|archive-date=16 April 2019|access-date=15 April 2019|website=[[Human Rights Watch]]}}</ref>
=== Events in 2021 ===
An unknown number of girls escaped in January 2021.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|last=Busari|first=Stephanie|date=29 January 2021|title=Several remaining missing Chibok schoolgirls escape from Boko Haram|work=[[CNN]]|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/01/29/africa/nigeria-chibok-girls-escape-intl/index.html|url-status=live|access-date=8 July 2021|archive-date=6 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706033526/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/01/29/africa/nigeria-chibok-girls-escape-intl/index.html}}</ref> In 2021 Parkinson and Hinshaw published a book (
=== Events in
In June 2022, Nigerian troops found a Chibok girl called Mary Ngoshe and her baby near a village called Ngoshe in Borno State.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2022 |title=Nigerian troops find another kidnapped Chibok schoolgirl |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/6/15/nigerian-troops-find-kidnapped-chibok-girl |access-date=2022-06-21 |website=Aljazeera |language=en}}</ref>
=== Events in 2023 ===
Two Chibok schoolgirls were rescued in April 2023 along with a baby, both had been married thrice since being kidnapped.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2023|title=Kidnapped Nigerian girls freed, return to Chibok with babies |first=Haruna |last=Umar |url=https://apnews.com/article/boko-haram-chibok-nigeria-extremism-iswap-borno-kidnap-1dd99c17360b54afd8a9fa5ef14fab6f |access-date=28 October 2023 |website=Associated Press |language=en}}</ref> Another named Saratu Dauda was rescued the next month.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2023|title=Army rescues another Chibok girl 'married to Boko Haram bomb expert' |first=Samad |last=Uthman |url=https://www.thecable.ng/army-rescues-another-chibok-girl-married-to-boko-haram-bomb-expert/ |access-date=28 October 2023 |website=The Cable |language=en}}</ref> A woman named Rebecca Kabu was rescued from Cameroon in July 2023,<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 August 2023|title=Another Chibok girl rescued in Cameroon — nine years after abduction |first=Kunle |last=Daramola |url=https://www.thecable.ng/another-chibok-girl-rescued-in-cameroon-nine-years-after-abduction/ |access-date=28 October 2023 |website=The Cable |language=en}}</ref> whilst a girl named Mary Nkeki was rescued from [[Dikwa]] in Borno in August 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 2023|title=Kidnapped Nigerian girls freed, return to Chibok with babies |first=Samad |last=Uthman |url=https://www.thecable.ng/troops-rescue-another-chibok-schoolgirl-in-borno-nearly-a-decade-after-abduction/ |access-date=28 October 2023 |website=The Cable |language=en}}</ref>
==Reactions==
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After the kidnapping, Governor [[Kashim Shettima]] demanded to visit [[Chibok]], despite being advised that it was too dangerous. United Nations Secretary-General [[Ban Ki-moon]] and [[UNICEF]] condemned the abduction,<ref>{{cite press release|title=UN calls for immediate release of abducted school girls in north-eastern Nigeria|url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=47593|access-date=26 April 2014|publisher=UN News Centre|archive-date=24 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424083958/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=47593|url-status=live}}</ref> as did former Nigerian military ruler [[Muhammadu Buhari]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Aziken|first=Emmanuel|title=Buhari to Boko Haram: You're bigots masquerading as Muslims|work=Vanguard News|access-date=9 May 2014|date=8 May 2014|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/05/buhari-boko-haram-youre-bigots-masquerading-muslims/|archive-date=9 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140509023342/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/05/buhari-boko-haram-youre-bigots-masquerading-muslims/|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[United Nations Security Council|UN Security Council]] also condemned the attack and warned of action against Boko Haram militants for abducting the girls.<ref>{{cite web|title=UNSC warns action against Boko Haram Militants in Nigeria|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/05/unsc-warns-action-against-boko-haram-militants-in-nigeria/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|access-date=10 May 2014|archive-date=12 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512040343/http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/05/unsc-warns-action-against-boko-haram-militants-in-nigeria/|url-status=live}}</ref>
The president of the [[Muslim Students Society of Nigeria]] called on Muslims to fast and pray "in order to seek Allah's intervention in this precarious time".<ref>{{cite web|title=Nigeria Muslims Fast for Abducted Girls|url=http://www.onislam.net/english/news/africa/472189-nigeria-muslims-fast-for-abducted-girls.html|publisher=On Islam|access-date=7 May 2014|date=6 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140507035640/http://www.onislam.net/english/news/africa/472189-nigeria-muslims-fast-for-abducted-girls.html|archive-date=7 May 2014}}</ref> [[Saad Abubakar|Sa'ad Abubakar III]], the [[List of Sultans of Sokoto|Sultan of Sokoto]], also called for prayers and intensified efforts to rescue the students.<ref>{{cite web|title=US Muslims Slam 'Un-Islamic' Boko Haram|url=http://www.onislam.net/english/news/americas/472177-us-muslims-slam-un-islamic-boko-haram.html|publisher=On Islam|access-date=7 May 2014|date=6 May 2014|archive-date=7 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140507033506/http://www.onislam.net/english/news/americas/472177-us-muslims-slam-un-islamic-boko-haram.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 9 May, Governor [[Kashim Shettima]] of Borno State called on all Muslims and Christians to join in "three days of prayers and fasting".<ref>{{Cite news|title=Gov. Shettima declares 3-day fasting for abducted girls|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|location=Lagos|access-date=9 May 2014|date=9 May 2014|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/gov-shettima-declares-3-day-fasting-abducted-girls/|archive-date=10 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140510194708/http://thenationonlineng.net/new/gov-shettima-declares-3-day-fasting-abducted-girls/|url-status=live}}</ref> On the same day, Muslims in Cameroon called on fellow believers not to marry any of the girls should they be offered to them.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cameroon denies harbouring Chibok schoolgirls|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard News]]|access-date=9 May 2014|date=9 May 2014|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/05/cameroon-denies-harbouring-chibok-schoolgirls/|archive-date=9 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140509081208/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/05/cameroon-denies-harbouring-chibok-schoolgirls/|url-status=live}}</ref> On the same day, the [[Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia]], [[Abdul-Aziz ibn Abdullah Al ash-Sheikh|Sheikh Abdulaziz Al al-Sheikh]], joined other religious leaders in the Muslim world in condemning the kidnappings, describing Boko Haram as misguided and intent on smearing the name of Islam. He stated that Islam is against kidnapping, and that marrying kidnapped girls is not permitted.<ref name="Grand Mufti's reaction">{{cite news|
On the 600th day of the Chibok girls' abduction, a group of Nigeria experts in the United Kingdom called Nigeria Diaspora Security Forum called on the Federal Government of Nigeria under the leadership of President Muhammadu Buhari to set up a special taskforce tasked solely with the responsibility of looking for the girls.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Nigeria: Group Wants Special Taskforce On Boko Haram|url = http://allafrica.com/stories/201601270043.html|website = allAfrica.com|access-date = 31 January 2016|archive-date = 2 February 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160202091852/http://allafrica.com/stories/201601270043.html|url-status = live}}</ref>
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====Organisations====
{{flagu|European Union}} passed a resolution on 17 July, "calling for immediate and unconditional release of the abducted schoolgirls".<ref>{{cite web|title=European Parliament calls for immediate and unconditional release of Chibok girls|work=News Africa|access-date=18 July 2014|date=17 July 2014|url=http://www.africa-news.eu/immigration-news/italy/6189-european-parliament-calls-for-immediate-and-unconditional-release-of-chibok-girls.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140726190951/http://www.africa-news.eu/immigration-news/italy/6189-european-parliament-calls-for-immediate-and-unconditional-release-of-chibok-girls.html|archive-date=26 July 2014}}</ref>
=== Criticism of media coverage ===
[[Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani]] writing for the ''[[BBC]]'' said that the kidnappings had "nothing to do with" the way media described the event as "an attack on girls' education", but was instead "banditry gone wrong". She described the media response as "Determined to make the Boko Haram attacks about the irresistible theme of terrorists targeting female education, some media outlets ignored any thread that did not fit this narrative".<ref name=":24">{{Cite news |date=2021-01-13 |title=Viewpoint: Global media's Nigeria abductions coverage 'wrong' |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55572897 |access-date=2023-11-11}}</ref> Victims of the kidnappings described the intention of the perpetrators as "simply on a mission to loot and steal". The perpetrators did not know what do to with the students after they had emptied a food store room, and began arguing. According to Nwaubani, little attention was paid by media to this detail.<ref name=":24" />
There were previous school attacks by Boko Haram which had little media attention. One such example is an attack a few weeks prior to Chibok where female students were let to flee but 40 male students were killed in the dormitory.<ref name=":24" />
Boko Haram eventually became the first terror group in history to use more female suicide bombers than male suicide bombers. Hilary Matfess, a co-author of the 2017 report by the [[Combating Terrorism Center]] which reported this number, said that "Through the global response to the Chibok abductions, the insurgents learned the potent symbolic value of young female bodies... that using them as bombers would attract attention".<ref name=":24" />
==#BringBackOurGirls movement and protests==
[[File:Michelle-obama-bringbackourgirls.jpg|thumb|The former [[First Lady of the United States]], [[Michelle Obama]], holds a sign with the #BringBackOurGirls hash tag, posted to her official [[Twitter]] account to help spread the awareness of the kidnapping.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ries|first=Brian|date=6 May 2014|title=Bring Back Our Girls: Why the World Is Finally Talking About Nigeria's Kidnapped Students|url=http://mashable.com/2014/05/06/nigeria-girls-bringbackourgirls/|access-date=7 May 2014|publisher=[[Mashable]]|archive-date=6 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140506225123/http://mashable.com/2014/05/06/nigeria-girls-bringbackourgirls/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Litoff|first=Alyssa|date=6 May 2014|title=Home International 'Bring Back Our Girls' Becomes Rallying Cry for Kidnapped Nigerian Schoolgirls|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/bring-back-girls-rallying-cry-kidnapped-nigerian-schoolgirls/story?id=23611012|access-date=7 May 2014|work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|archive-date=6 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140506212034/http://abcnews.go.com/International/bring-back-girls-rallying-cry-kidnapped-nigerian-schoolgirls/story?id=23611012|url-status=live}}</ref> |alt=A picture of former First Lady of the United States promoting #BringBackOurGirls]]
[[File:BringBackOurGirls truck.jpg|thumb|A truck in Nigeria promotes the #BringBackOurGirls hash tag.|alt=Picture of a truck decorated to promote awareness of #BringBackOurGirls]]
Parents and others took to social media to complain about the government's perceived slow and inadequate response. The news caused international outrage against Boko Haram and the Nigerian government. On 30 April and 1 May, protests demanding greater government action were held in several Nigerian cities.<ref name="VOA52">{{cite news|date=2 May 2014|title=Authorities – 276 Kidnapped Girls Still Missing in Nigeria|work=[[Voice of America]]|url=https://www.voanews.com/africa/authorities-276-kidnapped-girls-still-missing-nigeria|url-status=live|access-date=21 June 2021|archive-date=21 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621185039/https://www.voanews.com/africa/authorities-276-kidnapped-girls-still-missing-nigeria}}</ref> However, most parents were afraid of speaking publicly for fear their daughters would be targeted for reprisal. On 3 and 4 May, protests were held in major Western cities including [[Los Angeles]] and [[London]].
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Initially, usage of the hashtag came from individuals attempting to raise awareness of the kidnapping.<ref name=":19" /> Ibrahim M Abdullahi, a lawyer in [[Abuja]], the capital of Nigeria, started the [[hash tag|hashtag]] #BringBackOurGirls in a tweet posted in April 2014<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":18">{{Cite news|date=7 May 2014|title=#BBCtrending: The creator of #BringBackOurGirls|language=en-GB|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-27315124|url-status=live|access-date=19 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309115142/https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-27315124|archive-date=9 March 2021}}</ref> after listening to the former Federal Minister of Education [[Oby Ezekwesili]] speak on the kidnappings at an event at [[Port Harcourt]].<ref name=":18" /> It was then used by a group of Nigerian activists protesting about the government's slow response to the kidnapping to tag tweets as they marched down a highway in protest.<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":19" /> The hashtag began to trend globally on [[Twitter]] by May 2014<ref name=":19" /> as a form of [[hashtag activism]] and the story spread rapidly internationally, becoming for a time Twitter's most tweeted hashtag.<ref name="sell" /><ref name="Lamb">{{cite news|last1=Lamb|first1=Christina|date=20 March 2016|title=A fight for the soul of the world|work=[[The Sunday Times]]|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/a-fight-for-the-soul-of-the-world-khbhmjv0h|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=10 July 2021|archive-date=11 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711171024/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/a-fight-for-the-soul-of-the-world-khbhmjv0h}}</ref> By 11 May it had attracted 2.3 million tweets<ref>{{cite news|last=Lamb|first=Cristina|date=11 May 2014|title=Find our girls and save their dreams|work=[[The Times]]|url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/article1409341.ece|url-status=dead|url-access=subscription|access-date=12 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404004928/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/article1409341.ece|archive-date=4 April 2016}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{cite news|last=Collins|first=Matt|date=9 May 2014|title=#BringBackOurGirls: the power of a social media campaign|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/voluntary-sector-network/2014/may/09/bringbackourgirls-power-of-social-media|url-status=live|access-date=11 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115034018/https://www.theguardian.com/voluntary-sector-network/2014/may/09/bringbackourgirls-power-of-social-media|archive-date=15 November 2016}}</ref> and by 2016 it had been retweeted 6.1 million times.<ref name="Lamb" /> An official Twitter account for the movement was then set up, with a group of 20–30 people involved in its organization.<ref name=":19" /> [[Oby Ezekwesili]] and [[Aisha Yesufu]] have both been described as co-founders or co-conveners of the movement.<ref name=":22">{{Cite news|date=27 October 2020|title=Aisha Yesufu: 'End Sars is a fight for the next generation of Nigerians'|language=en-GB|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-54577611|access-date=3 June 2021|archive-date=7 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107080033/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-54577611|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Faul|first=Michelle|date=23 June 2016|title=Family demands news of Chibok girl who escaped Boko Haram|work=[[Associated Press]]|url=https://apnews.com/article/0659e702897c4aa49e3fa7240f7a61d0|access-date=12 July 2021|archive-date=3 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603185819/https://apnews.com/article/0659e702897c4aa49e3fa7240f7a61d0|url-status=live}}</ref> A $300,000 cash reward was initially offered by the movement to anyone who could help locate or rescue the girls from their kidnappers.<ref name=":14" />
The movement has been involved in the organization of several protests against the Nigerian government's slow response to the kidnapping. Naomi Mutah and Saratu Angus Ndirpaya, two women who were involved in the leadership and organization of the protests, were detained by the Nigerian police reportedly because the [[First Lady of Nigeria]], [[Patience Jonathan]], "felt slighted" when they were sent to attend a meeting instead of some of the mothers of the kidnapped girls.<ref name="BBC" /><ref name=":15">{{Cite web|title=Nigeria 'arrests protest leaders'|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/5/5/nigeria-arrests-abduction-protest-leaders|access-date=29 March 2021|website=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]|language=en|archive-date=23 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123183541/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/5/5/nigeria-arrests-abduction-protest-leaders|url-status=live}}</ref> Ndirpaya was released soon after, and stated that the First Lady had accused them of fabricating the abductions, whilst others at the meeting had accused the two of being members of Boko Haram.<ref name="BBC" /><ref name=":15" /> Several online petitions were created to pressure the Nigerian government to act against the kidnapping.<ref>{{Citation|title=Nigerian schoolgirls|publisher=Walk free|url=http://www.walkfree.org/nigerian-schoolgirls/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140506204908/http://www.walkfree.org/nigerian-schoolgirls/|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 May 2014}}</ref> On 30 April, hundreds of protestors marched on the [[National Assembly (Nigeria)|National Assembly]] to demand government and military action against the kidnappers.<ref>{{cite news|date=30 April 2014|title=Hundreds march: Nigeria Chibok schoolgirl kidnappings by Boko haram|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|agency=[[Agence France-Presse]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/30/hundreds-march-nigeria-chibok-schoolgirl-kidnappings-boko-haram|url-status=live|access-date=11 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723171725/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/30/hundreds-march-nigeria-chibok-schoolgirl-kidnappings-boko-haram|archive-date=23 July 2016}}</ref> Vigils and protests were held around the world to mark 100 days since the kidnapping. Participating countries included Nigeria, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Togo, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada and Portugal.<ref>{{cite web|title=100 days blog: #BringBackOurGirls vigils held around the world|url=http://www.aworldatschool.org/news/entry/100-days-blog-chibok-girls-vigils-around-world|access-date=23 July 2014|publisher=A World At School|archive-date=24 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724105951/http://www.aworldatschool.org/news/entry/100-days-blog-chibok-girls-vigils-around-world|url-status=live}}</ref> Daily rallies by Bring Back Our Girls demonstrators at the Unity Fountain in [[Abuja]] were continuing to at least 5 January 2015, despite efforts by the police to shut down such protests.<ref>{{cite news|last=Okello Kelo Sam|date=5 January 2015|title=Abducted Nigerian girls still missing, a distracted world must remember|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|url=https://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-sam-bring-back-our-girls-20150108-story.html#navtype=outfit|access-date=8 January 2015|archive-date=8 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108013107/http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-sam-bring-back-our-girls-20150108-story.html#navtype=outfit|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Hassan|first=Tina A|author2=Ogbu Amarachi Hannah|date=17 May 2014|title=Nigeria: Unity Fountain – Abuja Landmark Turns Protest Venue|work=[[Media Trust|Daily Trust]] – AllAfrica|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201405191617.html|access-date=8 January 2015|archive-date=8 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108215206/http://allafrica.com/stories/201405191617.html|url-status=live}}</ref> To mark a year since Boko Haram kidnapped the girls, on 13 April 2015 hundreds of protesters wearing red tape across their lips walked silently through the capital [[Abuja]].<ref>{{cite news|date=14 April 2015|title=200 School Girls still untraceable after 1 Year of Kidnapping by Boko Haram|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2015/04/200-school-girls-still-untraceable-after-1-year-of-kidnapping-by-boko-haram/|access-date=14 April 2015|archive-date=12 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712065239/http://news.biharprabha.com/2015/04/200-school-girls-still-untraceable-after-1-year-of-kidnapping-by-boko-haram/|url-status=live}}</ref> Security forces are known to have detained protestors and dispersed crowds with armed police and [[water cannon]].<ref name=":13" />[[File:Bring Back Our Girls in Spain.jpg|thumb|The social media movement resulted in offline protests around the world, including this one in Spain.|alt=Image of a #BringBackOurGirls protest in Spain]]
The movement attracted support from several celebrities.<ref name=":16">{{Cite web|last=Curry|first=Colleen|date=5 May 2014|title=Twitter Campaign #BringBackOurGirls Takes Off|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/twitter-campaign-bringbackourgirls-takes-off-support-kidnapped-nigerian/story?id=23594333|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411112405/https://abcnews.go.com/International/twitter-campaign-bringbackourgirls-takes-off-support-kidnapped-nigerian/story?id=23594333|archive-date=11 April 2021|access-date=11 April 2021|website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|language=en}}</ref> Notable participants included [[Malala Yousafzai]],<ref name=":19">{{Cite news|date=6 May 2014|title=#BBCtrending: How a million people called to #BringBackOurGirls|language=en-GB|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-27298696|url-status=live|access-date=19 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419195730/https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-27298696|archive-date=19 April 2021}}</ref> [[Hillary Clinton]],<ref name=":16" /> [[Chris Brown]]<ref name=":16" /> [[Forest Whitaker]],<ref name=":19" /> and First Lady [[Michelle Obama]], who was photographed holding up a sheet of paper with the hashtag to support the movement<ref name=":17">{{Cite news|date=13 April 2016|title=Michelle Obama's hashtag quest to rescue Nigerian girls|language=en-GB|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-35948362|url-status=live|access-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411113910/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-35948362|archive-date=11 April 2021}}</ref> and gave a public address on the kidnappings a few days later.<ref name=":17" /> Beyoncé had a separate section on her website that was dedicated to the movement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.beyonce.com/bringbackourgirls/|title=#BringBackOurGirls|website=Beyonce|access-date=23 March 2017|archive-date=24 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324173703/http://www.beyonce.com/bringbackourgirls/|url-status=live}}</ref>
The movement was criticized by some American conservatives, including [[Fox News]] contributor [[George Will]], who stated that it was "not intended to have any effect on the real world" and House Intelligence Committee Chairman Mike Rogers who stated that the White House could not base its policy "on what's trending on Twitter".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Richinick|first=Michele|date=12 May 2014|title=Conservatives mock 'Bring Back Our Girls' hashtag|work=[[MSNBC]]|url=https://www.msnbc.com/morning-joe/conservatives-mock-bringbackourgirls-msna326596|url-status=live|access-date=12 July 2021|archive-date=4 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204090440/https://www.msnbc.com/morning-joe/conservatives-mock-bringbackourgirls-msna326596}}</ref> However, the hashtag has reportedly had an impact on Nigerian politics, with [[Oby Ezekwesili]], a notable #BringBackOurGirls activist, running for presidency in the [[2015 Nigerian general election]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Olukoya|first=Sam|date=10 October 2018|title=#BringBackOurGirls activist runs for Nigeria's presidency|work=[[Associated Press]]|url=https://apnews.com/article/9ce6a56753db4309b9a5d52384f74e2a|url-status=live|access-date=12 July 2021|archive-date=20 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420170622/https://apnews.com/article/9ce6a56753db4309b9a5d52384f74e2a}}</ref> President Goodluck was criticized for using the hashtag "#bringbackgoodluck2015", a play on #BringBackOurGirls, during his reelection campaign in 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Shearlaw|first=Maeve|date=14 April 2015|title=Did the #bringbackourgirls campaign make a difference in Nigeria?|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/14/nigeria-bringbackourgirls-campaign-one-year-on|access-date=12 July 2021|archive-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108124227/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/14/nigeria-bringbackourgirls-campaign-one-year-on|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Tharoor|first=Ishaan|date=8 September 2014|title=This may be the most inappropriate political hashtag of the year|language=en-US|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2014/09/08/this-may-be-the-most-inappropriate-political-hashtag-of-the-year/|url-status=live|access-date=19 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105032158/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2014/09/08/this-may-be-the-most-inappropriate-political-hashtag-of-the-year/|archive-date=5 January 2018|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> The newly-elected Nigerian President [[Muhammadu Buhari]], who gained power over Goodluck following the 2015 elections after promising to tackle Boko Haram,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Taylor|first=Adam|date=18 May 2016|title=What happened after interest faded in the #BringBackOurGirls campaign|language=en-US|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/05/18/what-happened-after-interest-faded-in-the-bringbackourgirls-campaign/|url-status=live|access-date=19 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915084025/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/05/18/what-happened-after-interest-faded-in-the-bringbackourgirls-campaign/|archive-date=15 September 2018|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> said during his [[Inauguration of Muhammadu Buhari|inaugural address]] to the nation on 29 May 2015 that they could not claim to "have defeated Boko Haram without rescuing the Chibok girls".<ref>{{cite web|date=29 May 2015|title=Full text of the inaugural speech of President Muhammadu Buhari|url=http://mbuhari.ng/full-text-of-the-inaugural-speech-of-president-muhammadu-buhari/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619061817/http://mbuhari.ng/full-text-of-the-inaugural-speech-of-president-muhammadu-buhari/|archive-date=19 June 2015|access-date=19 June 2015|website=mbuhari.ng}}</ref> Two weeks after President Buhari was sworn in, he, his wife [[Aisha Muhammadu Buhari]], and the Vice President's wife Mrs. [[Dolapo Osinbajo]] met with some mothers of the abducted girls.<ref>{{cite news|last=Adoyi|first=Ali|title=Tears as Aisha Buhari, Mrs Osinbajo meet mothers of Chibok=June 13, 2015|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|url=http://dailypost.ng/2015/06/13/tears-as-aisha-buhari-mrs-osinbajo-meet-mothers-of-chibok/|access-date=14 June 2015|archive-date=19 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619000048/http://dailypost.ng/2015/06/13/tears-as-aisha-buhari-mrs-osinbajo-meet-mothers-of-chibok/|url-status=live}}</ref>
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===2020===
{{main|Kankara kidnapping}}
In December 2020, more than 500 boys were abducted by a group of masked gunmen from a secondary school in Kankara, a town in Nigeria's northwestern state of Katsina. Later, Boko Haram took responsibility for the abductions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/12/13/parents-pray-for-hundreds-of-students-kidnapped-in-nigeria|title=Over 300 schoolboys still missing after Nigeria school attack|website=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]|access-date=19 December 2020|archive-date=19 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219061042/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/12/13/parents-pray-for-hundreds-of-students-kidnapped-in-nigeria|url-status=live}}</ref> Seven days after the incident, 344 boys out of the group were released due to successful negotiations by the Nigerian government.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Akinwotu|first=Emmanuel|date=17 December 2020|title=Group of 344 kidnapped Nigerian schoolboys handed to government|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/17/group-of-300-kidnapped-nigerian-schoolboys-handed-to-government|access-date=12 July 2021|archive-date=12 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712043105/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/17/group-of-300-kidnapped-nigerian-schoolboys-handed-to-government|url-status=live}}</ref>
===2021===
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* [http://www.salon.com/2014/04/30/why_is_the_media_ignoring_200_missing_girls/ Why is the media ignoring 200 missing girls?] ([[Salon.com]])
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150402143526/http://www.naijazine.com/2014/06/new-video-showing-chibok-girls-released.html We want them all released]
*[https://edition.cnn.com/2024/04/13/africa/chibok-girls-ten-years-as-equals-intl-cmd/index.html They were kidnapped from a boarding school 10 years ago. Hear their stories]
{{Human rights in Nigeria}}
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[[Category:Boko Haram kidnappings]]
[[Category:Child abduction in Nigeria]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Child sexual abuse in wars]]
[[Category:Sexual slavery during wars]]
[[Category:Incidents of violence against girls]]▼
[[Category:Islamic terrorist incidents in 2014]]
[[Category:Mass disappearances]]
[[Category:Mass kidnappings
[[Category:Kidnappings by Islamists]]
[[Category:Missing person cases in Nigeria]]
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[[Category:Violence against women in Nigeria]]
[[Category:Contemporary slavery in Africa]]
▲[[Category:Incidents of violence against girls]]
[[Category:History of women in Nigeria]]
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