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{{Short description|American science fiction writer (1913–1966)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox writer
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| birth_name = Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1913|7|11}}
| birth_place = [[Milwaukee]], [[Wisconsin]], USU.S.
| death_date = {{death date and age|1966|8|6|1913|7|11}}
| death_place = [[Baltimore]], [[Maryland]], USU.S.
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Writer
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* military officer
}}
| nationality = American
| ethnicity =
| citizenship =
| education = PhD in [[political science]]
| alma_mater = [[Johns Hopkins University]]
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[[File:Galaxy 196210.jpg|thumb|right|Smith's novelette ''The Ballad of Lost C'Mell'' was the cover story on the October 1962 issue of ''[[Galaxy Science Fiction]]''. Artwork by [[Virgil Finlay]].]]
[[File:Amazing stories 196310.jpg|thumb|right|Smith's novelette "Drunkboat" took the cover of the October 1963 issue of ''[[Amazing Stories]]''. Art by [[Lloyd Birmingham]].]]
'''Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger''' (July 11, 1913 – August 6, 1966), better known by his pen-name '''Cordwainer Smith''', was an American author known for his [[science fiction]] works. Linebarger was a US Army officer, a noted [[East Asia]] scholar, and an expert in [[psychological warfare]]. Although his career as a writer was shortened by his death at the age of 53, he is considered one of thescience fiction's more talented and influential science fiction authors.<ref>Gary K. Wolfe and Carol T. Williams, "The Majesty of Kindness: The Dialectic of Cordwainer Smith", Voices for the Future: Essays on Major Science Fiction Writers, Volume 3, Thomas D. Clareson editor, Popular Press, 1983, pages 53–72.</ref>
 
==Early life and education==
Linebarger's father, Paul Myron Wentworth Linebarger, was a lawyer, working as a judge in the Philippines. There he met Chinese nationalist [[Sun Yat-sen]] to whom he became an advisor. Linebarger's father sent his wife to give birth in Milwaukee, Wisconsin so that their child would be eligible to become president of the United States. Linebarger's [[Godparent|godfather]] was Sun Yat-sen, who was considered the father of Chinese nationalism, became Linebarger's [[Godparent|godfather]].<ref name="JH">Stimpson,{{Cite magazine
|last1=Stimpson|first1=Ashley and |last2=Irtenkauf, |first2=Jeffrey, |date=5 [September 2018|title=Throngs of himself|url=https://hub.jhu.edu/magazine/2018/fall/cordwainer-smith-paul-linebarger/|access-date=2023-02-03|magazine=The "Throngs of Himself"], ''Johns Hopkins Magazine'', Fall 2018.|language=en}}</ref>
 
His young life was unsettled as his father moved the family to a succession of places in Asia, Europe, and the United States. He was sometimes sent to boarding schools for safety. In all, Linebarger attended more than 30 schools. In 1919, while at a boarding school in Hawaii, he was blinded in his right eye, and itwhich was replaced by a glass eye. The vision in his remaining eye was impaired by infection.<ref name=JH/>
 
Linebarger was familiar with English, German, and Chinese<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hornbeck |first1=Stanley K. |title=Paul M. A. Linebarger, 1913-1966: An Appreciation. |journal=World Affairs |date=1966 |volume=129 |issue=2 |pages=79–82 |jstor=20670775 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20670775 |access-date=12 July 2021}}</ref> by adulthood. At the age of 23, he received a PhD in political science from [[Johns Hopkins University]].<ref name=JH/>
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==Career==
{{More citations needed section|date=November 2015}}
From 1937 to 1946, Linebarger held a faculty appointment at [[Duke University]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://polisci.duke.edu/about/history |title=Our 85 Year History |websitepublisher=Duke Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Political Science |access-date=January 26, 2021}}</ref> where he began producing highly regarded works on [[Far Eastern]] affairs.
 
While retaining his professorship at Duke after the beginning of [[World War II]], Linebarger began serving as a [[second lieutenant]] of the [[United States Army]], where he was involved in the creation of the [[United States Office of War Information|Office of War Information]] and the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board. He also helped organize the army's first [[psychological warfare]] section. In 1943, he was sent to [[China]] to coordinate military intelligence operations. When he later pursued his interest in China, Linebarger became a close confidant of [[Chiang Kai-shek]]. By the end of the war, he had risen to the rank of [[Major (rank)|major]].
 
[[File:Psychological Warfare Linebarger.jpg|frame|left]]▼
 
In 1947, Linebarger moved to the Johns Hopkins University's [[School of Advanced International Studies]] in Washington, DC, where he served as Professor of [[Asiatic Studies]]. He used his experiences in the war to write the book ''Psychological Warfare'' (1948), regarded by many in the field as a classic text.
 
He eventually rose to the rank of [[colonel]] in the reserves. He was recalled to advise the British forces in the [[Malayan Emergency]] and the [[U.S. Eighth Army]] in the [[Korean War]]. While he was known to call himself a "visitor to small wars", he refrained from becoming involved in the [[Vietnam War]], but is known to have done work for the [[Central Intelligence Agency]]. In 1969 CIA officer [[Miles Copeland Jr.]] wrote that Linebarger was "perhaps the leading practitioner of 'black' and 'gray' propaganda in the Western world".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Copeland |first1=Miles, Jr. |author-link=Miles Copeland Jr.|title=The Game of Nations|url=https://archive.org/details/gameofnations0000unse |url-access=registration |date=1969|publisher=Simon & Schuster|pages=[https://archive.org/details/gameofnations0000unse/page/100 100], 113|isbn=9780671205324 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=New Book Points Up Middle East Involvement|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/62613878/|access-date=22 June 2017|publisher=San Antonio Express|date=12 August 1969}}</ref> According to Joseph Burkholder Smith, a former CIA operative, he conducted classes in psychological warfare for CIA agents at his home in Washington under cover of his position at the School of Advanced International Studies.<ref name=JH/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Joseph Burkholder |title=Portrait of Cold War |publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons |year=1976 |location=New York |pages=86–87}}</ref> He traveled extensively and became a member of the [[Foreign Policy Association]], and was called upon to advise President [[John F. Kennedy]].
 
==Marriage and family==
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In 1936, Linebarger married Margaret Snow. They had a daughter in 1942 and another in 1947. They divorced in 1949.
 
In 1950, Linebarger married againhis tosecond wife Genevieve Collins; they had no children. They remained married until his death from a heart attack in 1966, at [[Johns Hopkins University#Medical|Johns Hopkins University Medical Center]] in [[Baltimore]], [[Maryland]], at age 53. Linebarger had expressed a wish to retire to Australia, which he had visited in his travels. He is buried in [[Arlington National Cemetery]], Section 35, Grave Number 4712. His widow, Genevieve Collins Linebarger, was interred with him on November 16, 1981.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/linebarg.htm |title=Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger |access-date=November 29, 2008 |archive-date=December 26, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081226011453/http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/linebarg.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 
==Case history debate==
Linebarger is long rumored to have been "[[Kirk Allen]]", the fantasy-haunted subject of [[Kirk Allen|"The Jet-Propelled Couch,"]] a chapter in [[psychologist]] [[Robert M. Lindner]]'s best-selling 1954 collection ''The Fifty-Minute Hour.''<ref name=JH/><ref>Lindner, Robert. ''The Fifty-Minute Hour.'' New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1954.</ref> According to Cordwainer Smith scholar Alan C. Elms,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Elms |first1=Alan C. |title=Behind the Jet-Propelled Couch: Cordwainer Smith and Kirk Allen |url=https://elms.faculty.ucdavis.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/98/2014/07/20021-Behind-the-Jet1.pdf |websitearchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614071906/https://elms.faculty.ucdavis.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/98/2014/07/20021-Behind-the-Jet1.pdf |archive-date=2018-06-14 |url-status=live |publisher=UC Davis |access-date=29 May 2020 |date=May 2002}}</ref> this speculation first reached print in [[Brian Aldiss]]'s 1973 history of science fiction, ''Billion Year Spree''; Aldiss, in turn, claimed to have received the information from science fiction fan and scholar [[Leon Stover]].<ref>Aldiss, Brian W. ''Billion Year Spree: The True History of Science Fiction.'' New York: Doubleday, 1973.</ref> More recently, both Elms and librarian Lee Weinstein<ref>Weinstein, Lee. "In Search of Kirk Allen," ''New York Review of Science Fiction'', April 2001.</ref> have gathered circumstantial evidence to support the case for Linebarger's being Allen, but both concede there is no direct proof that Linebarger was ever a patient of Lindner's or that he suffered from a disorder similar to that of Kirk Allen.<ref>See{{Cite alsoweb|title=Scholarly '[Corner, by Alan C. Elms|url=http://www.cordwainer-smith.com/scholarly.htm Cordwainer Smith Scholarly Corner] by Alan C|access-date=2023-02-03|website=cordwainer-smith. Elmscom}}</ref>
 
==Science fiction style==
According to [[Frederik Pohl]]:
{{blockquote|In his stories, which were a wonderful and inimitable blend of a strange, raucous poetry and a detailed technological scene, we begin to read of human beings in worlds so far from our own in space in time that they were no longer quite Earth (even when they were the third planet out from Sol), and the people were no longer quite human, but something perhaps better, certainly different.{{r|pohl196612}}}}
 
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Linebarger also employed the literary pseudonyms "Carmichael Smith" (for his political thriller ''[[Atomsk (novel)|Atomsk]]''), "Anthony Bearden" (for his poetry) and "Felix C. Forrest" (for the novels ''Ria'' and ''Carola'').
 
Some of Smith's stories are unusual, sometimes being written in narrative styles closer to traditional [[Chinese literature|Chinese stories]] than to most English-language fiction, as well as reminiscent of the [[Hikaru Genji|Genji]] tales of [[Lady Murasaki]]. The total volume of his science fiction output is relatively small, because of his time-consuming profession and his early death.
 
Smith's works consist of one novel, originally published in two volumes in edited form as ''The Planet Buyer'', also known as ''The Boy Who Bought Old Earth'' (1964), and ''The Underpeople'' (1968), and later restored to its original form as ''[[Norstrilia]]'' (1975); and 32 short stories (collected in ''[[The Rediscovery of Man]]'' (1993), including two versions of the short story "War No. 81-Q").
 
Linebarger's cultural links to China are partially expressed in the pseudonym "Felix C. Forrest", which he used in addition to "Cordwainer Smith":. hisHis godfather [[Sun Yat-Sen]] suggested to Linebarger that he adopt the Chinese name "Lin Bai-lo" ({{zh|t=林白樂|s=林白乐|p=Lín Báilè}}), which may be roughly translated as "Forest of Incandescent Bliss".; ("Felix" is Latin for "happy".) In his later years, Linebarger proudly wore a tie with the Chinese characters for this name embroidered on it.
 
As an expert in psychological warfare, Linebarger was very interested in the newly developing fields of [[psychology]] and [[psychiatry]]. He used many of their concepts in his fiction. His fiction often has religious overtones or motifs, particularly evident in characters who have no control over their actions. James B. Jordan argued for the importance of [[Anglicanism]] to Smith's works back to 1949.<ref>Jordan, James B., [http://www.sunpopblue.com/Music-Art-Books/Cordwainer-Smith.html "Christianity in the Science Fiction of 'Cordwainer Smith'] {{webarchiveCite web|title=日韩精品香蕉久久夜夜嗨蜜臀,亚洲老熟女乱女一区二区,五月伊人网,熟妇人妻系列AV无码一区二区|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080925221215/http://www.sunpopblue.com/Music-Art-Books/Cordwainer-Smith.html |access-date=September 25, 2008 2023-02-03|website=sunpopblue.com}}, ''Contra Mundum'', No. 2 Winter 1992</ref> But Linebarger's daughter Rosana Hart has indicated that he did not become an Anglican until 1950, and was not strongly interested in religion until later still.<ref>[{{Cite web|title=A Daughter's Memories|url=http://www.cordwainer-smith.com/remember.htm "Biography and memories of Paul M. A. Linebarger, who was Cordwainer Smith]", www.|access-date=2023-02-03|website=cordwainer-smith.com}}</ref> The introduction to the collection ''Rediscovery of Man'' notes that from around 1960 Linebarger became more devout and expressed this in his writing. Linebarger's works are sometimes included in analyses of Christianity in fiction, along with the works of authors such as [[C. S. Lewis]] and [[J.R.R. Tolkien]].
 
Most of Smith's stories are set in the far future, between 4,000 and 14,000 years from now.<ref>{{cite book| title=The Best of Cordwainer Smith| url=https://archive.org/details/bestofcordwainer0000smit| url-access=registration| last=Smith| first=Cordwainer| editor1-last=Pierce| editor1-first=J.J.| publisher=Nelson Doubleday, Inc.| date=1975}}</ref> After the Ancient Wars devastate Earth, humans, ruled by the [[Instrumentality of Mankind]], rebuild and expand to the stars in the Second Age of Space around 6000 AD. Over the next few thousand years, mankind spreads to thousands of worlds and human life becomes safe but sterile, as robots and the animal-derived Underpeople take over many human jobs and humans themselves are genetically programmed as embryos for specified duties. Towards the end of this period, the Instrumentality attempts to revive old cultures and languages in a process known as the Rediscovery of Man, where humans emerge from their mundane utopia and Underpeople are freed from slavery.
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For years, Linebarger had a pocket notebook which he had filled with ideas about The Instrumentality and additional stories in the series. But while in a small boat in a lake or bay in the mid 60s, he leaned over the side, and his notebook fell out of his breast pocket into the water, where it was lost forever. Another story claims that he accidentally left the notebook in a restaurant in [[Rhodes]] in 1965. With the book gone, he felt empty of ideas, and decided to start a new series which was an allegory of Mid-Eastern politics.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thewaythefutureblogs.com/2010/12/cordwainer-smith-the-ballad-of-lost-linebarger-part-2/ |title=Cordwainer Smith: The Ballad of Lost Linebarger, Part 2 |access-date=June 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617114317/http://www.thewaythefutureblogs.com/2010/12/cordwainer-smith-the-ballad-of-lost-linebarger-part-2/ |archive-date=June 17, 2012 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://worldtracker.org/media/library/English%20Literature/S/Smith,%20Cordwainer/Smith,%20Cordwainer%20-%20The%20Rediscovery%20of%20Man.html |title=Cordwainer Smith - The Rediscovery of Man |access-date=October 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006220227/http://worldtracker.org/media/library/English%20Literature/S/Smith,%20Cordwainer/Smith,%20Cordwainer%20-%20The%20Rediscovery%20of%20Man.html |archive-date=October 6, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 
Smith's stories describe a long [[future history]] of Earth. The settings range from a [[postapocalyptic]] landscape with [[walled cities]], defended by agents of the Instrumentality, to a state of sterile utopia, in which freedom can be found only deep below the surface, in long-forgotten and buried [[human impact on the environment|anthropogenic]] strata. These features may place Smith's works within the [[Dying Earth subgenre]] of science fiction., Theybut they are ultimately more optimistic and distinctive.
 
Smith's most celebrated short story is his first-published, "[[Scanners Live in Vain]]", which led many of its earliest readers to assume that "Cordwainer Smith" was a new pen name for one of the established giants of the genre. It was selected as one of the best science fiction short stories of the pre-[[Nebula Award]] period by the [[Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America]], appearing in ''[[The Science Fiction Hall of Fame Volume One, 1929-1964]]''. "[[The Ballad of Lost C'Mell]]" was similarly honored, appearing in ''[[The Science Fiction Hall of Fame, Volume Two]]''.
 
After "Scanners Live in Vain", Smith's next story did not appear for several years, but from 1955 until his death in 1966 his stories appeared regularly, for the most part in ''[[Galaxy Science Fiction]]''.{{r|pohl196612}} His universe featured strange and vivid creations, such as:
* The planet Norstrilia (Old North Australia), a semi-arid planet where an immortality drug called ''{{Not a typo|stroon}}'' is harvested from gigantic, virus-infected sheep each weighing more than 100 tons. Norstrilians are nominally the richest people in the galaxy and defend their immensely valuable {{Not a typo|stroon}} with sophisticated weapons (as shown in the story "[[Mother Hitton's Littul Kittons]]"). However, extremely high taxes ensure that everyone on the planet lives a frugal, rural life, like the farmers of old Australia, to keep the Norstrilians tough.
* The punishment world Shayol (cf. [[Sheol]]), where criminals are punished by the regrowth and harvesting of their organs for transplanting
* ''Planoforming'' [[spacecraft]], which are crewed by humans telepathically linked with cats to defend against the attacks of malevolent entities in space, which are perceived by the humans as dragons, and by the cats as gigantic rats, in "[[The Game of Rat and Dragon]]".
* The ''Underpeople'', animals modified into human form and intelligence to fulfill servile roles, and treated as property. Several stories feature clandestine efforts to liberate the Underpeople and grant them [[civil rights]]. They are seen everywhere throughout regions controlled by the Instrumentality. Names of Underpeople have a single-letter prefix based on their animal species. Thus C'Mell ("The Ballad of Lost C'Mell") is cat-derived; D'Joan ("[[The Dead Lady of Clown Town]]"), a [[Joan of Arc]] figure, is descended from dogs; and B'dikkat ("[[A Planet Named Shayol]]") has bovine ancestors.
* ''Habermans'' and their supervisors, ''Scanners'', who are essential for space travel, but at the cost of having their sensory [[nerve]]s cut to block the "pain of space", and who perceive only by vision and various life-support implants. A technological breakthrough removes the need for the treatment, but resistance among the Scanners to their perceived loss of status ensues, forming the basis of the story "Scanners Live in Vain".
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==Published non-fiction==
▲[[File:Psychological Warfare Linebarger.jpg|frame|leftright]]
* 1937, ''The Political Doctrines of Sun Yat-Sen: An Exposition of the San Min Chu I'', Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press(1937)
* 1938, ''Government in Republican China'', London: McGraw-Hill, {{ISBN|0-88355-081-4}}(1938)
* 1941, ''The China of Chiang K'ai-shek: A Political Study'', Boston: World Peace Foundation, {{ISBN|0-8371-6779-5}}(1941)
* 1948, ''Psychological Warfare'', Washington: Infantry Journal Press(1948; revised second edition, 1954, New- York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce ([http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/48612 available online])
* 1951, ''Foreign milieux (HBM 200/1)'', Dept. of Defense, Research and Development Board
*''Foreign milieux (HBM 200/1)'' (1951)
* 1951, ''Immediate improvement of theater-level psychological warfare in the Far East'', [[Operations Research Office]], Johns Hopkins University(1951)
* 1954, ''Far Eastern Government and Politics: China and Japan'' (1954; with Djang Chu and Ardath W. Burks), Van Nostrand
* 1956, "Draft statement of a ten-year China and Indochina policy, 1956–1966", Foreign Policy Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania(1956)
* 1965, ''Essays on military psychological operations'', Special Operations Research Office, [[American University]](1966)
 
==Unpublished novels==
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{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
*"[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/74098 War No. 81-Q]" (original version, June 1928)&nbsp;*
*"[[Scanners Live in Vain]]" (June 1950)
*"[[The Game of Rat and Dragon]]" (October 1955)
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{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
* 1947, ''Ria'' (1947; writing as "Felix C. Forrest")
* 1948, ''Carola'' (1948; writing as "Felix C. Forrest")
* 1949, ''[[Atomsk (novel)|Atomsk: A Novel of Suspense]]'' (1949; writing as "Carmichael Smith")
* 1963, ''You Will Never Be The Same'' (1963, collection of short science fiction stories)
* 1964, ''The Planet Buyer'' (1964; first half of ''Norstrilia'', with some rearrangement)
* 1965, ''[[Space Lords (short story collection)|Space Lords]]'' (1965; short science fiction stories)
* 1966, ''[[Quest of the Three Worlds]]'' (1966; four related science fiction novellas)
* 1968, ''The Underpeople'' (1968; second half of ''Norstrilia'', with some rearrangement)
* 1970, ''Under Old Earth and Other Explorations'' (1970; short science fiction stories)
* 1971, ''Stardreamer'' (1971; short science fiction stories)
{{col-2}}
* 1975, ''[[Norstrilia]]'' (1975; first complete publication in intended form)
* 1975, ''The Best of Cordwainer Smith'' (1975; short science fiction stories)
* 1979, ''The Instrumentality of Mankind'' (1979; short science fiction stories)
* 1993, ''[[The Rediscovery of Man]]'' (1993; definitive &and complete compilation of short science fiction writings)
* 1994, ''Norstrilia'' (1994; corrected edition with variant texts)
* 2006, ''We the Underpeople'' (2006; collection of 5 Instrumentality of Mankind short stories & the novel ''Norstrilia'')
* 2007, ''When the People Fell'' (2007; collection of many Instrumentality of Mankind short stories, including all of those previously collected in ''Quest of the Three Worlds'')
{{col-end}}
 
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==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.cordwainer-smith.com Cordwainer-Smith.com] – The Remarkable Science Fiction of Cordwainer Smith, maintained by his daughter Rosana
;Texts
*{{isfdb name}}▼
* {{StandardEbooks|Standard Ebooks URL=https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/cordwainer-smith}}
*{{IMDb name|3669810}}▼
* {{Gutenberg author |id=34034 | name=Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger}}
* {{FadedPage|id=Linebarger, Paul Myron Anthony|name=Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger|author=yes}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Cordwainer Smith |sopt=t}}
* {{Librivox author |id=556}}
* [http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf9s200760/ Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger Papers] at the [http://www.hoover.org/library-and-archives Hoover Institution Archives]▼
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20020213040116/http://www.arlingtoncemetery.com/linebarg.htm Arlington National Cemetery: Linebarger]▼
 
▲*[http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf9s200760/ Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger Papers] at the [http://www.hoover.org/library-and-archives Hoover Institution Archives]
;Other references
*[http://www.tor.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=blog&id=50231 An Introduction to “The Ruined Queen of Harvest World”] by [[Damien Broderick]] {{dead link|date=September 2017}}
▲* {{isfdbISFDB name}}
* [https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2013/03/remembering-cordwainer-smith-full-time-sci-fi-author-part-time-earthling/274344/ "Remembering Cordwainer Smith,"] Ted Gioia (''The Atlantic Monthly'')▼
▲* {{IMDb name|3669810}}
*[http://www.philsp.com/articles/pastmasters_06.html Past Masters: Forest of Incandescent Bliss] by Bud Webster at Galactic Central▼
* {{LCAuth|n50050891|Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger|18|}} (including 2 "from old catalog")▼
* {{worldcat id|lccn-n50-050891|Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger}}
* [http://lccn.loc.gov/n90610659 Felix C. Forrest] (3 records) and [http://lccn.loc.gov/n90610665 Carmichael Smith] (no records) at LC Authorities
* {{LCAuth|n81083063|Cordwainer Smith|7|}}
▲* {{LCAuth|n50050891|Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger|18|}} (including 2 "from old catalog")
 
;Other links
* {{Official website|http://www.cordwainer-smith.com}}
▲* [https://web.archive.org/web/20020213040116/http://www.arlingtoncemetery.com/linebarg.htm Linebarger]. Arlington National Cemetery: Linebarger].
▲* Ted Gioia. [https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2013/03/remembering-cordwainer-smith-full-time-sci-fi-author-part-time-earthling/274344/ "Remembering Cordwainer Smith,"]. Ted Gioia (''The Atlantic Monthly'').
▲* Bud Webster. [http://www.philsp.com/articles/pastmasters_06.html Past Masters: Forest of Incandescent Bliss]. by Bud Webster at ''Galactic Central''.
 
{{Authority control}} <!-- Cordwainer Smith, 1913-1966 records -->
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[[Category:American military writers]]
[[Category:American science fiction writers]]
[[Category:20th-century American short story writers]]
[[Category:American sinologists]]
[[Category:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordwainer_Smith"