Content deleted Content added
No edit summary |
|||
| (21 intermediate revisions by 9 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Short description|14th-century German illuminated manuscript}}
{{Infobox manuscript
<!----------Name---------->
| name = Codex Manesse
| location = Heidelberg,
<!----------Image---------->
| image = Codex Manesse Johannes Hadlaub.jpg
Line 9 ⟶ 10:
| caption = Folio 371<sup>r</sup>, Johannes Hadlaub
<!----------General---------->
| Also known as = {{Lang|de|Große Heidelberger Liederhandschrift|italic=no}}
| Type =
| Date = {{Circa|1304}}
Line 37 ⟶ 38:
}}
The '''Codex Manesse''' (also '''{{Lang|de|Große Heidelberger Liederhandschrift|italic=no}}'''<ref>{{
The codex was produced in [[Zürich]] ([[Switzerland]]), for the [[Manesse family]].<ref>Koschorreck and Werner 1981 discern no fewer than eleven scribes, some working simultaneously, in the production.</ref>
The manuscript is "the most beautifully illumined German manuscript in centuries";<ref>Ingeborg Glier, reviewing Koschorreck and Werner 1981 in ''Speculum'' '''59'''.1 (January 1984), p. 169. The only other contemporary illuminated song book is the [[Weingarten Manuscript]], once thought to have been a model for the ''Codex Manesse''.</ref> its 137 [[miniature (illuminated manuscript)|miniatures]] are a series of "portraits" depicting each poet.
Line 48 ⟶ 49:
| website = Heidelberg University Library
| publisher = Heidelberg University
| access-date =
In 2023, Codex Manesse was admitted to UNESCO's
==Contents==
The Codex Manesse is an anthology of the works of a total of about 135<ref>the exact number is debatable; of a total of 140 entries, some are clearly of fictional characters, as in "Klingsor of Hungary" and "King Tyro of Scotland", while others may or may not be fictional, as in "Der Winsbeke", "Die Winsbekin". Yet other entries may feature historical poets but combine poems by several authors.</ref> minnesingers of the mid 12th to early 14th century.
For each poet, a portrait is shown, followed by the text of their works.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cotter|first1=Hayley|title=Between Recto and Verso: The Use of Blanks and a Theory of Authorship in the Codex Manesse|url=https://www.academia.edu/33406117|access-date=3 December 2017}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
The entries are ordered approximately by the social status of the poets, starting with the Holy Roman Emperor [[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry VI]], Kings [[Conradin]] and [[Wenceslaus II of Bohemia|Wenceslaus II]], down through dukes, counts and knights, to the commoners.
Most of the poems are ''[[Minnesang]]'', but there are also other genres, including fables and [[Spruchdichtung]] (didactic poems).
The oldest poets represented in the manuscript had been dead for more than a century at the time of its compilations, while others were contemporaries, the latest even late additions of poems written during the early 14th century.
Line 63 ⟶ 64:
In the portraits, some of the nobles are shown in full armour in their heraldic colors and devices (therefore with their faces hidden), often shown as taking part in a [[joust]], or sometimes in single combat with sword and shield, and sometimes in actual battle.
Some images are motivated by the biography of the person depicted, but some designs just draw their motif from the poet's name (thus, Dietmar is shown riding a mule, since his name can be interpreted as meaning ''people's horse''),<ref>{{Cite book |last=ZAPF. |first=GUNTER BUTZER; KATJA SARKOWSKY; HUBERT |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1176251040 |title=Große Werke der Literatur XV |date=2020 |publisher=NARR FRANCKE ATTEMPTO VER |isbn=978-3-7720-5705-2 |pages=12 |language=DE |oclc=1176251040 |quote=Dietmar...could be conceivable...as a people's horse, specifically the donkey}}</ref>
==List of poets==
#6r: [[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor]] (1165–1197)
#7r: [[Conradin
#8r:
#10r: King [[Wenceslaus II
#11v:
#13r:
#14v: Margrave [[Henry III, Margrave of Meissen|Heinrich von Meißen]] (Henry III, 1215–1288)
#17r:
#18r: [[John I
#20r:
#22v: Count Kraft von [[Counts of Toggenburg|Toggenburg]] (probably Kraft III of Toggenburg, died 1339)
#24r: Count Konrad von [[
#26r: Count {{ill|Friedrich von
#27r: Count [[Otto von Botenlauben]] (died 1244)
#29r: Margrave
#30r:
#32v: Herr [[Gottfried von Neifen]] (died 1279)
#42r: Count [[Albrecht von Haigerloch]]
#43v: Count [[Wernher von Homberg]] (died 1320)
#46v: Herr {{ill|Jakob von
#48v: Brother {{ill|Eberhard von
#52r: Herr [[Walther von Klingen]] (fl. 1240–1280s)
#54r: Herr Rudolf von [[Rothenburg, Switzerland|Rotenburg]] (fl. 1287)
#59v: Herr Heinrich von [[Lordship of Hohensax|Sax]] (probably Henry II, 1235–1289)
#61v: Herr {{ill|Heinrich von
#63r: [[Der von Kürenberg]] (12th century)
#64r: Herr [[Dietmar von Aist]] (fl. 1140–1160s)
#66v: [[Der von Gliers]] (perhaps Wilhelm von Gliers, fl. 1267–1317)
#69r: Herr [[Wernher von Teufen]] (fl. 1220)
#70v: Herr {{ill|Heinrich von Stretelingen|lt=Heinrich von Stretlingen|de}} (either Henry II, fl. 1250s, or his son Henry III, died 1294)
#71v: Herr [[Kristan von Hamle]] (probably an author of 13th-century [[Thuringia]], otherwise unknown)
#73r: Herr [[Ulrich von Gutenburg]] (fl. 1170s)
#75v: Herr {{ill|Heinrich von der
#76v: Herr [[Heinrich von Morungen]] (fl. 1210s)
#82v: Der
#84v: Schenk [[Ulrich von Winterstetten]] (fl. 1250–1270s)
#98r: Herr [[Reinmar von Hagenau|Reinmar der Alte]] (fl. late 12th century)
#110r: Herr {{ill|Burkart von
#113v: Herr [[Hesso von Reinach]] (1234–1275/76)
#115r:
#116v: Herr [[Friedrich von Hausen]] (died after 1188)
#119v: [[Burggraf von Rietenburg|Burgrave von Rietenburg]] (either Henry IV
#120v: Herr [[Meinloh von Sevelingen]] (mid-12th century)
#122r: Herr {{ill|Heinrich von
#124r: Herr [[Walther von der Vogelweide]] {{Circa|1170|1230}})
#146r: Herr
#149v: Herr [[Wolfram von Eschenbach]] (c. 1170 – c. 1220)
#151r: Von Singenberg, Seneschal of
#158r: [[Der von Sachsendorf]] (unknown; possibly mentioned by Ulrich von Lichtenstein as serving [[Frederick II, Duke of Austria|Frederick II of Austria]])
#160v: {{ill|Wachsmut von Künzingen|de}} (unknown, perhaps from [[Clemency, Luxembourg]])
#162v: Herr [[Wilhelm von Heinzenburg
#164v: Herr {{ill|Leuthold von
#166v: Herr [[Walther von Metze]] (died before 1276, otherwise unknown)
#169v: Herr Rubin (unknown, mid-13th century)
#178r: Herr [[Bernger von Horheim]] (late 12th century)
Line 145 ⟶ 146:
#247v: Von Munegiur (given name Ulrich, otherwise unknown)
#248v: Von Raute (given name Hartwig, fl. {{Circa|1200}}, otherwise unknown)
#249v: Herr [[Konrad von Altstetten]] (perhaps a mayor of St
#251r: Herr Bruno von [[Hornberg]] (probably Bruno II, fl. 1275–1310)
#252r: Herr Hug von Werbenwag (fl. mid 13th century, probably died after 1292)
Line 159 ⟶ 160:
#273r: Herr [[Neidhart von Reuental|Neidhart]] (born {{Circa|1200}} in [[Lower Bavaria]])
#281v: [[Meister]] Heinrich Teschler (of [[Zürich]], 2nd half of 13th century, patronized by [[Manesse family|Rüdiger Manesse]])
#285r: Rost, Kirchherr zu [[Sarnen]] (in [[Zürich]] between 1313 and 1330
#290r: Der Hardegger (probably ''Henricus de Hardegge'', of [[Rebstein]], fl. 1230–1270s)
#292v: Der [[Schoolmaster|Schulmeister]] von [[Esslingen am Neckar|Eßlingen]] (late 13th century)
Line 183 ⟶ 184:
#342v: Von Obernburg (unidentified; probably mid 13th century, of Obernburg near [[Celje]])
#344v: [[Bruder Wernher]] (unidentified; mid 13th century)
#349r: [[Der Marner]] (probably ''marinaere'' "the mariner"; unidentified, but mentioned by Meister Rumslant below)
#355r: [[Süßkind von Trimberg|Süßkind, der Jude von Trimberg]] (unidentified, 2nd half of the 13th century)
#358r: (isolated anonymous poem)
Line 191 ⟶ 192:
#364r: Meister [[Gottfried von Straßburg]] (died {{Circa|1210}})
#371r: Meister [[Johannes Hadlaub]] (of [[Zürich]], fl. 1300, possibly the redactor of the codex)
#381r: {{ill|Regenbogen (poet)|lt=Regenbogen|de|Regenbogen (Spruchdichter)}} ("Rainbow", an unidentified Alemannic poet, depicted as a smith)
#383r: Meister [[Konrad von Würzburg]] (died 1287)
#394r: Kunz von Rosenheim (unidentified, perhaps not a poet but the owner of a songbook used as a source)
Line 198 ⟶ 199:
#397v: Der Dürner (unidentified, perhaps of [[Mengen, Germany|Mengen]], Swabia)
#399r: Meister [[Heinrich Frauenlob]] (Heinrich von Meißen, born c. 1250)
#407r: Meister Friedrich von [[St
#410r: Meister Sigeher (fl. 1250–1260s; perhaps identical with a ''Sicherius iuculator'' active in [[Metz]], possibly a Tyrolian)
#412r: [[Der wilde Alexander]] (an unidentified Alemannic poet of the late 13th century)
Line 214 ⟶ 215:
The first critical editions of the ''Codex Manesse'' appeared in the early nineteenth century. The codex is frequently referred to by Minnesang scholars and in editions simply by the abbreviation ''C'', introduced by Karl Lachmann, who used ''A'' and ''B'' for the two main earlier Minnesang codices (the ''[[Kleine Heidelberger Liederhandschrift]]'' and the ''[[Weingartner Liederhandschrift]]'' respectively).
Two leaves of a 15th-century copy of the manuscript, called the ''Troßsche Fragment'' (''Tross Fragment''), which were held in the [[Berlin State Library]]
==Modern reception==
Line 221 ⟶ 222:
==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
Image:Codex Manesse 127r.jpg|Folio 127r: Works of [[Walther
Image:Codex Manesse Walther von der Vogelweide.jpg|Folio 124r: Walther von der Vogelweide
Image:Konradin.jpg| [[Conradin|King Conrad the Young]]
| |||