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Pheu Thai Party

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The Pheu Thai Party[22] (PTP; Thai: พรรคเพื่อไทย, lit. 'For Thais Party', RTGS: Phak Phuea Thai, pronounced [pʰák pʰɯ̂a tʰāj]) is a major Thai political party. It is the third incarnation of a Thai political party founded by former prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra, and like the previous incarnations, is the main political vehicle for the Shinawatra family. It is the current majority ruling party of Thailand, ruling along with other parties in a coalition.

Pheu Thai Party
พรรคเพื่อไทย
AbbreviationPTP
LeaderPaetongtarn Shinawatra
Secretary-GeneralSorawong Thienthong
SpokespersonDanuporn Punnakant
FounderThaksin Shinawatra
Founded20 September 2007; 17 years ago (2007-09-20)
Preceded byPeople's Power Party (de facto)
Headquarters1770 OAI Bld. New Petchburi Rd. Bangkapi, Huai Khwang, Bangkok
Think tankCARE[1]
Pheu Thai Academy[2][3]
Youth wingPheu Thai Institute of Youth[4][5]
Membership (2024)38,293[6]
Ideology
Political positionCentre-right[20]
Colours  Red and   Blue
Sloganขอคิดใหม่ ทำใหม่ เพื่อไทยทุกคน... อีกครั้ง
('Let us rethink and redo for all Thais... again)[21][needs update]
House of Representatives
141 / 500
Bangkok Metropolitan Council
21 / 50
PAO Chiefs
11 / 76
Website
ptp.or.th

The Pheu Thai Party was founded on 20 September 2007,[23] as an anticipated replacement for the People's Power Party (PPP), which the Constitutional Court of Thailand dissolved less than three months later after finding party members guilty of electoral fraud. The People's Power Party was itself a replacement for Thaksin's original Thai Rak Thai Party (TRT), dissolved by the Court in May 2007 for violation of electoral laws.[24][25]

As of 2023, the PTP has 66,833 members. The party is currently being led by Paetongtarn Shinawatra, businesswoman and daughter of former prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra. The party tends to be more popular in the north and northeast of the country. It won 141 seats in the 2023 Thai general election, making it the party with the second largest number of seats in the Thai House of Representatives.

History

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Formation and opposition years (2008–2011)

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The PPP was dissolved by the Constitutional Court of Thailand on 2 December 2008. On 3 December 2008, the majority of the former PPP MPs defected to the Pheu Thai Party. In a PTP general assembly, the first executive commission was elected on 7 December 2008.[26] Candidates for the party's leader were: Yongyuth Wichaidit, Apiwan Wiriyachai, former Vice President of the House of Representatives, former health minister Chalerm Yubamrung and former industry minister Mingkwan Saengsuwan.[26] Yongyuth Wichaidit was elected as the party's leader.[26][27]

In a December 2008 parliamentary session, MPs of five PPP coalition parties decided to endorse Abhisit Vejjajiva as the next prime minister and themselves forming a Democrat-led coalition. The PTP campaigned for their endorsement by the PPP-coalition parties. However, Abhisit had gained their support for the premiership.[28][29] After that, the party called for a national unity government in which all parties would be involved, with Sanoh Thienthong of the Pracharaj Party as the new premier. This proposal was rejected by the defecting coalition parties and the Democrat Party.[30] On 11 December, Worrawat Eua-apinyakul, then MP for Phrae from PTP, suggested that the party should push for a house dissolution and general elections, with the hope of depriving the prospective coalition of a parliamentary majority. However, The President of the House of Representatives; Chai Chidchob spoke against the plan.[31]

On 15 December 2008, the party elected Pracha Promnok as the party's candidate for prime minister and has since been in opposition to prime minister Abhisit Vejjajiva's coalition government. As an opposition, the party received a rating of 3.75 out of 10 by a majority of respondents in a nationwide survey conducted on 24 and 25 December 2010, by Bangkok University.[32]

In early May 2011, Charupong Ruangsuwan was named new Secretary general of the party.[33] Following the discovery of illegal timber by Thai authorities, during an August 2014 search at Charupong's son's Mae Hong Son Province resort for buried war weapons and other illegal items, the media reported that both Charupong and his son were no longer present in Thailand.[34]

In government (2011–2014)

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In the 2011 general election, the Pheu Thai Party contested for the first time since its foundation. On 16 May, Thaksin's youngest sister Yingluck Shinawatra was nominated head of PTP's party-list proportional representation and contender of prime minister Abhisit. One of her main issues in the campaign was national reconciliation.[35] The election was expected to be a neck-and-neck contest between Pheu Thai and the ruling Democrats.[36] Unexpectedly,[citation needed] the party won 265 of 500 seats in the House of Representatives on 3 July. Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva acknowledged Pheu Thai's success in the election, and congratulated Yingluck Shinawatra as Thailand's first female prime minister.[37] Despite its absolute majority, the winning party announced that it would form a coalition government with five minor parties. On 5 August, Yingluck was elected prime minister with 296 votes in favour. The election was approved and Yingluck was formally appointed by the king on 8 August.[38]

2023 election

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Loudspeaker car for Pheu Thai Party, with Paethongtarn Shinawatra as prime minister candidate, 2023

During the 2023 Thai general election, Pheu Thai repeated its position that it would not form a coalition with both Palang Pracharat and United Thai Nation due to their involvement in the 2014 coup.[39] Following the 2023 election, the Move Forward party leader and candidate, Pita Limjaoenrat, was denied the position of Prime Minister by Parliament.[40] The coalition was then dissolved and replaced by a Pheu Thai led coalition without Move Forward.[41]

On 7 August, they formed a new coalition to include Bhumjaithai, which won the third largest amount of MPs in the election and on 10 August, the Chart Pattana Kla party joined the coalition with 2 MPs.[42]

On 12 August, Pheu Thai unofficially[43] expanded its coalition again to include the pro-junta parties of Palang Pracharat and United Thai Nation, which both participated or supported the 2014 coup that ousted Pheu Thai prime minister Yingluck Shinawatra, increasing the amount of MPs in the coalition to 315 out of the 500 MPs in Parliament.[44][45] The move was widely criticized as it broke their election promise to not work with parties linked to the junta.[46]

The coalition currently contains in order of most MPs: Pheu Thai at 141 MPs, Bhumjaithai at 71, Palang Pracharat at 40, United Thai Nation at 36, Chart Pattana Kla at 2; with Thai Liberal, New Democracy, Plung Sungkom Mai and Thongtee Thai all having one.[45] On 22 August 2023, its candidate Srettha Thavisin was elected 30th Prime Minister after gaining enough votes from Parliament.[47]

Ideology

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Similar to its predecessors, the Pheu Thai Party is a populist political party that appeals to the rural and urban poor. The party tends to be more popular among subsistence farmers and the rural working class mostly found in the northern and northeastern regions of Thailand. In 2023, the PTP campaigned on economically populist policies including cash handouts (฿10,000 digital wallet), expanding healthcare coverage and raising the minimum wage.[48][49]

The party is mostly liberal on social issues due to its support for democracy, scrapping military conscription, decriminalizing sex work, and legalizing same-sex marriage. It is conservative on reforming the lèse-majesté laws and opposes monarchy reforms.[50][51][52][53][54]

Despite being perceived by some as leftist, the PTP is quite pro-business and economically liberal. Under the Yingluck administration, the party passed several cuts in corporate tax and considered reducing corporate income tax even further to boost innovation and business growth. In 2023, Paethongtarn Shinawatra stated that "Capitalism must have a heart" which further solidified the party's economic image as one of "Empathetic Capitalism".[55][56][57]

Political positions

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2023 Manifesto

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Economic policy[58]

  • Raising the minimum wage to ฿600 by 2027
  • Raising Thailand's GDP
  • Promote cultural and medical tourism
  • Introduce a ฿10,000 'digital wallet' for Thais over 16[59]
  • Introduce free Wi-Fi in public parks
  • Introduce a minimum monthly ฿25,000 salary for workers with a bachelor’s degree[60]
  • Introduce a monthly retirement fund of ฿3,000 to Thais aged over 60[60]
  • Decentralise public hospitals
  • Upgrade water management
  • Upgrade rail infrastructure
  • Construct new rail infrastructure
  • Expand Suvarnabhumi Airport
  • Expand maternity benefits[60]
  • Improve working conditions[61]

Social policy[58]

  • Keep the lèse-majesté laws[41]
  • Decentralise the central government
  • Decentralise public education
  • Allow elections for provincial governors
  • Rewrite the constitution to only allow elected MPs to vote for a prime minister
  • Introduce free HPV vaccinations
  • Introduce free medical checkups for Hepatitis C
  • Legalize same-sex marriage[62]
  • Replace military conscription with a voluntary system[63]

Pheu Thai Party Prime Ministers

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Name Portrait Periods in Office Election
Yingluck Shinawatra   5 August 2011 – 7 May 2014 2011 (24th)
Srettha Thavisin   22 August 2023 – 14 August 2024 2023 (26th)
Paetongtarn Shinawatra   16 August 2024 – incumbent — (26th)

Election results

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General elections

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Election Total seats won Total votes Share of votes Seat change Outcome of election Election leader
2011
265 / 500
 15,744,190 48.41% Increase 76 seats Governing coalition Yingluck Shinawatra
2014 Invalidated Invalidated Invalidated Unconstitutional - nullified
2019
136 / 500
 7,920,630 22.29% Decrease 129 seats Opposition Sudarat Keyuraphan
2023
141 / 500
 10,962,522 28.86% Increase 5 seats Governing coalition Paethongtarn Shinawatra

Bangkok gubernatorial elections

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Election Candidate Total votes Share of votes Outcome
2009 Yuranunt Pamornmontri 611,669 29.06% Lost Red X N
2013 Pongsapat Pongcharoen 1,077,899 40.97% Lost Red X N
2022 Supported Chadchart Sittipunt 1,386,769 52.65% Elected Green tick Y

Bangkok Metropolitan Council elections

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Election Total seats won Total votes Share of votes Seat change
2010
15 / 61
 Decrease 5 seats
2022
20 / 50
 620,009 26.77% Increase 5 seats

District Council elections

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Election Total seats won Total votes Share of votes Seat change
2010
65 / 361
 Increase 5 seats

References

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  55. ^ "Tax reforms put on hold". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
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  58. ^ a b Parpart, Erich (7 December 2022). "Pheu Thai up political game after its policy manifesto announcement, politics set to heat up - Thai Enquirer Current Affairs". Thai Enquirer. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
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