Although phosphorus (15P) has 22 isotopes from 26P to 47P, only 31P is stable; as such, phosphorus is considered a monoisotopic element. The longest-lived radioactive isotopes are 33P with a half-life of 25.34 days and 32P with a half-life of 14.268 days.[3][4] All others have half-lives of under 2.5 minutes, most under a second. The least stable known isotope is 47P, with a half-life of 2 milliseconds.
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| Standard atomic weight Ar°(P) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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List of isotopes
edit
| Nuclide [n 1] |
Z | N | Isotopic mass (Da)[5] [n 2][n 3] |
Half-life[6] [n 4] |
Decay mode[6] [n 5] |
Daughter isotope [n 6] |
Spin and parity[6] [n 7][n 4] |
Isotopic abundance | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitation energy | |||||||||||||||||||
| 26P | 15 | 11 | 26.01178(21)# | 43.6(3) ms | β+ (62.9%) | 26Si | (3)+ | ||||||||||||
| β+, p (35.1%) | 25Al | ||||||||||||||||||
| β+, 2p (1.99%) | 24Mg | ||||||||||||||||||
| 26mP | 164.4(1) keV | 115(8) ns | IT | 26P | (1+) | ||||||||||||||
| 27P | 15 | 12 | 26.9992925(97) | 260(80) ms | β+ (99.93%) | 27Si | 1/2+ | ||||||||||||
| β+, p (0.07%) | 26Al | ||||||||||||||||||
| 28P | 15 | 13 | 27.9923265(12) | 270.3(5) ms | β+ | 28Si | 3+ | ||||||||||||
| β+, p (.0013%) | 27Al | ||||||||||||||||||
| β+, α (8.6×10−4%) | 24Mg | ||||||||||||||||||
| 29P | 15 | 14 | 28.98180037(39) | 4.102(4) s | β+ | 29Si | 1/2+ | ||||||||||||
| 30P | 15 | 15 | 29.978313490(69) | 2.5000(17) min | β+ | 30Si | 1+ | ||||||||||||
| 31P | 15 | 16 | 30.97376199768(80) | Stable | 1/2+ | 1.0000 | |||||||||||||
| 32P | 15 | 17 | 31.973907643(42) | 14.269(7) d | β− | 32S | 1+ | Trace | |||||||||||
| 33P | 15 | 18 | 32.9717257(12) | 25.35(11) d | β− | 33S | 1/2+ | ||||||||||||
| 34P | 15 | 19 | 33.97364589(87) | 12.43(10) s | β− | 34S | 1+ | ||||||||||||
| 35P | 15 | 20 | 34.9733140(20) | 47.3(8) s | β− | 35S | 1/2+ | ||||||||||||
| 36P | 15 | 21 | 35.978260(14) | 5.6(3) s | β− | 36S | 4− | ||||||||||||
| β−, n? | 35S | ||||||||||||||||||
| 37P | 15 | 22 | 36.979607(41) | 2.31(13) s | β− | 37S | (1/2+) | ||||||||||||
| β−, n? | 36S | ||||||||||||||||||
| 38P | 15 | 23 | 37.984303(78) | 0.64(14) s | β− (88%) | 38S | (2−) | ||||||||||||
| β−, n (12%) | 37S | ||||||||||||||||||
| 39P | 15 | 24 | 38.98629(12) | 282(24) ms | β− (74%) | 39S | (1/2+) | ||||||||||||
| β−, n (26%) | 38S | ||||||||||||||||||
| 40P | 15 | 25 | 39.991262(90) | 150(8) ms | β− (84.2%) | 40S | (2−,3−) | ||||||||||||
| β−, n (15.8%) | 39S | ||||||||||||||||||
| β−, 2n? | 38S | ||||||||||||||||||
| 41P | 15 | 26 | 40.99465(13) | 101(5) ms | β− (70%) | 41S | 1/2+# | ||||||||||||
| β−, n (30%) | 40S | ||||||||||||||||||
| β−, 2n? | 39S | ||||||||||||||||||
| 42P | 15 | 27 | 42.00117(10) | 48.5(15) ms | β− (50%) | 42S | |||||||||||||
| β−, n (50%) | 41S | ||||||||||||||||||
| β−, 2n? | 40S | ||||||||||||||||||
| 43P | 15 | 28 | 43.00541(32)# | 35.8(13) ms | β−, n | 42S | (1/2+) | ||||||||||||
| β−, 2n ? | 41S | ||||||||||||||||||
| 44P | 15 | 29 | 44.01193(43)# | 18.5(25) ms | β−, n (55%[7]) | 43S | |||||||||||||
| β− (24%) | 44S | ||||||||||||||||||
| β−, 2n (21%) | 42S | ||||||||||||||||||
| 45P | 15 | 30 | 45.01713(54)# | 24(7 (stat), 9 (sys)) ms[7] | β−, n (79%) | 44S | 1/2+# | ||||||||||||
| β−, 2n (21%) | 43S | ||||||||||||||||||
| 46P | 15 | 31 | 46.02452(54)# | 9# ms [>200 ns] |
β−? | 46S | |||||||||||||
| β−, n? | 45S | ||||||||||||||||||
| β−, 2n? | 44S | ||||||||||||||||||
| 47P | 15 | 32 | 47.03093(64)# | 4# ms [>400 ns] |
β− | 47S | 1/2+# | ||||||||||||
| β−, n? | 46S | ||||||||||||||||||
| β−, 2n? | 45S | ||||||||||||||||||
| This table header & footer: | |||||||||||||||||||
- ^ mP – Excited nuclear isomer.
- ^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
- ^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
- ^ a b # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
- ^
Modes of decay:
IT: Isomeric transition n: Neutron emission p: Proton emission - ^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
- ^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
Radioactive isotopes
editPhosphorus-32
edit32P is a radioactive isotope of phosphorus with relative atomic mass 31.973907 and half-life of 14.26 days. 32P is a radioactive isotope of phosphorus with beta particle-emitting radiocytotoxic activity. Emitted by 32P, beta particles directly damage cellular DNA and, by ionizing intracellular water to produce several types of cytotoxic free radicals and superoxides, indirectly damage intracellular biological macromolecules, resulting in tumor cell death.[8]
Phosphorus-33
edit33P is an artificial radioactive element. It is produced with a low yield by the neutron bombardment of 31P (stable). The 33P has a radioactive period of 25.3 days. It is a pure β-transmitter. 33P is used as an alternative to 32P in research in molecular biology. Indeed, its longer life time and especially its less energetic β spectrum make its manipulation simpler in the laboratory. In the medical field, 33P has been used in the treatment of arterial stenosis but is no longer indicated at this time.[9]
External links
editReferences
edit- ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Phosphorus". CIAAW. 2013.
- ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
- ^ PubChem. "Phosphorus Radioisotopes". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-04-08.
- ^ "phosphorus-33 atom (CHEBI:37973)". www.ebi.ac.uk. Retrieved 2022-04-08.
- ^ Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
- ^ a b c Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
- ^ a b Crawford, H. L.; Tripathi, V.; Allmond, J. M.; et al. (2022). "Crossing N = 28 toward the neutron drip line: first measurement of half-lives at FRIB". Physical Review Letters. 129 (212501): 212501. Bibcode:2022PhRvL.129u2501C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.212501. PMID 36461950. S2CID 253600995.
- ^ "Phosphorus-32".
- ^ "Phosphorus 33 (P-33)".