Mingrui (Chinese: 明瑞, Manchu: ᠮᡳᠩᡧᡠᡳ, mingšui, Burmese: မင်းယွီ, Burmese pronunciation: [mɪ́ɰ̃ jwì]; (? – March 1768) was the first General of Ili from October 1762 to March 1767 and then Governor-general of Yunnan and Guizhou from April 1767 to March 1768. A son-in-law of the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty, Mingrui was appointed by the emperor to lead a 50,000-strong invasion force led by the elite Manchu Bannermen in the third campaign of the Qing invasions of Burma. While his 1767–1768 campaign was the most successful of the four invasions by the Chinese, his army was annihilated at the Battle of Maymyo in March 1768.[1][2] He committed suicide, and sent in his queue to the emperor as a token of loyalty.[3] The Qianglong emperor ordered Manchu general Eledeng'e (also spelled E'erdeng'e (額爾登額) or possibly 額爾景額) to be sliced to death after his commander Mingrui was defeated at the Battle of Maymyo in 1768 because Eledeng'i was not able to help flank Mingrui when he did not arrive at a rendezvous.[4]
Mingrui 明瑞 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Minister of War | |
| In office 1767–1768 Serving with Lu Zongkai | |
| Preceded by | Toyong |
| Succeeded by | Fulong'an |
| Viceroy of Yun-Gui | |
| In office 1767–1768 | |
| Preceded by | Yang Yingju |
| Succeeded by | Oning |
| General of Ili | |
| In office 1762–1766 | |
| Preceded by | position established |
| Succeeded by | Agui |
| Personal details | |
| Died | March 1768 near Pyinoolwin, Kingdom of Myanmar |
| Relations | Empress Xiaoxianchun (aunt) Fuheng (uncle) Fuqing (uncle) Kuilin (brother) Mingliang (cousin) |
| Education | central government school (官學, guānxué) |
| Clan name | Fuca |
| Courtesy name | Yunting (筠亭) |
| Posthumous name | Guolie (果烈) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Qing dynasty |
| Branch/service | Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner |
| Years of service | 17?–1768 |
| Rank | General |
| Battles/wars | Amursana rebellion Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas Uqturpan Uprising Sino-Burmese War (1767–1768) |
He was a nephew of Fuheng, the chief grand councilor to the emperor, who led the final campaign of 1769.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Thant Myint-U (2006). The River of Lost Footsteps--Histories of Burma. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. pp. 103–104. ISBN 978-0-374-16342-6.
- ^ Charles Patterson Giersch (2006). Asian borderlands: the transformation of Qing China's Yunnan frontier. Harvard University Press. pp. 100–110. ISBN 0674021711.
- ^ Htin Aung (1967). A History of Burma. New York and London: Cambridge University Press. pp. 178–179.
- ^ Dai, Yingcong (2004). "A Disguised Defeat: The Myanmar Campaign of the Qing Dynasty". Modern Asian Studies. 38 (1): 145–189. ISSN 0026-749X.
- Hummel, Arthur W. Sr., ed. (1943). . Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period. United States Government Printing Office.
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