Lad mag

Through the 1980s, efforts were made to create a market for lifestyle magazines for younger men, without success: magazines such as Cosmo Man and The Hit were short lived failures.^[4] In 1994, linked to the wider development of lad culture, two new magazines found a formula that worked: IPC's Loaded and EMAP Metro's FHM. Both magazines were selling hundreds of thousands of copies shortly after launch/relaunch.^[4]

Reporting on multiple studies of the content of lad mags, academics Coy and Horvath reported in 2011 that that the "prominent themes are of female nudity and self-centred pleasure seeking." A 2005 study of the content of the magazine Nuts found each issue typically had over 70 images of women with a third topless. Nonetheless, lad mags were generally accepted as not pornography: even Coy and Horvath writing in the journal Feminism and Psychology are careful to state that they recognise "the differences between lad mags and pornography".^[5]

Similarly, in UK law, the lad mags were not pornography. That meant photos of women's naked breasts could be shown in the magazines (though not on the cover, only inside the magazine) but not full nudity. This was a critical issue for sales: unlike pornographic magazines, lad mags could be sold to under 18s and did not have to be placed on the top shelf of newsagents, out of the reach of children. Instead, they were typically positioned on the shelves at a central position, in the lifestyle category.^[6]

The covers of lad mags typically showed a very scantily dressed woman. A contributing factor to the decline of the magazines was successful anti-sexism campaigns in the early 2010s. Campaigners persuaded major newsagents that—due to the highly sexualized images of women on the covers—the magazines needed to be sold in opaque bags.^[7]

The lad mag was at the time seen as distinct from magazines targeted at the stereotypical new man. Contrasting the two gender constructs, Tim Edwards, a sociologist at the University of Leicester, describes the new man as pro-feminist, albeit narcissistic, and the new lad as pre-feminist, and a reaction to second-wave feminism.^[8][9] The new man image failed to appeal to a wide readership whereas the more adolescent lad culture appeals more to the ordinary man, says Edwards.^[8] Edwards also points out that lad culture men's magazines of the 21st century contain little that is actually new. Referring to a study of the history of Esquire magazine, he observed that there is little substantially different between the new man Arena and GQ and the new lad Loaded. Both address assumed men's interests of cars, alcohol, sport, and women, and differ largely in that the latter have a more visual style. From this he infers that "the New Man and the New Lad are niches in the market more than anything else, often defined according to an array of lifestyle accessories", and concludes that the new lad image dominates the new man image simply because of its greater success at garnering advertising revenue for men's magazines.

• List of men's magazines
• Lad lit