Angus Graham, 7th Duke of Montrose
James Angus Graham, 7th Duke of Montrose ID (2 May 1907 – 10 February 1992), styled Earl of Kincardine until 1925 and Marquess of Graham between 1925 and 1954, was a Scottish-born Rhodesian politician, farmer and aristocrat. He served as Minister of Agriculture in the Rhodesian government of Ian Smith, and in 1965 was a signatory to Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence.
The Duke of Montrose | |
|---|---|
 The Duke of Montrose ca. 1967 | |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs of Rhodesia | |
| In office 31 December 1966 – 11 September 1968 | |
| Prime Minister | Ian Smith |
| Preceded by | Ian Smith |
| Succeeded by | Jack Howman |
| Minister of Agriculture | |
| In office 17 December 1962 – 31 December 1966 | |
| Prime Minister | Winston Field Ian Smith |
| Preceded by | Herbert Jack Quinton |
| Succeeded by | George Rudland |
| Minister of Lands and Natural Resources | |
| In office 17 December 1962 – 14 April 1964 | |
| Prime Minister | Winston Field Ian Smith |
| Preceded by | Herbert Jack Quinton |
| Succeeded by | Philip van Heerden (Mines and Lands) |
| Member of the House of Lords Lord Temporal | |
| In office 25 June 1957 – 10 February 1992 Hereditary Peerage | |
| Preceded by | The 6th Duke of Montrose |
| Succeeded by | The 8th Duke of Montrose |
| Personal details | |
| Born | James Angus Graham 2 May 1907 Stirlingshire, Scotland |
| Died | 10 February 1992 (aged 84) Stirlingshire, Scotland |
| Spouses | Isabel Veronia Sellar
(m. 1930; div. 1950)Susan Semple (m. 1952) |
| Children | 6, including James Graham, 8th Duke of Montrose |
| Parent(s) | James Graham, 6th Duke of Montrose Lady Mary Douglas-Hamilton |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  United Kingdom |
| Branch/service |  Royal Navy |
| Years of service | 1939–1945 |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
Biography
editBorn in 1907, the son of James Graham, 6th Duke and Lady Mary Louise, only daughter of William Douglas Hamilton, 12th Duke of Hamilton. His cousin was Colonel Sir Donald Cameron of Lochiel, a prominent Highland soldier and Chief of Clan Cameron.[1]
As Marquess of Graham, the Duke was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford. The Marquess of Graham completed three years at Oxford and graduated Bachelor of Arts. Lord Graham (as he then was) first went to Southern Rhodesia in 1930, where he owned a cattle ranch,[2] and took up a position with A.E. & I., the South African subsidiary of ICI. While he was on holiday in England in 1939, the Second World War with Germany was declared. He signed up with the Admiral Commanding Reserves and was appointed Lieutenant in the Royal Naval Reserve. He joined HMS Kandahar as part of Lord Louis Mountbatten's flotilla in the North Sea and the evacuations of Crete and Greece following the German invasion of Greece.[3][4][5]
On 20 January 1954 he inherited his father's titles and became the 7th Duke of Montrose, taking his seat in the House of Lords on 25 June 1957.[6] He took hunting trips in Kenya, where he met his second wife, Susan Semple. The family lived on Derry Farm at Nyabira outside Salisbury, where the crops included maize and tobacco. A pedigree Brahman cattle stud was established after importing bloodstock from Texas.[5]
Montrose was a hard-line supporter of racial separation in Rhodesia.[7] He was a member of the Dominion Party of Rhodesia. He was a founder of the Rhodesian Front, which he helped fund.[2] Following Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence, Montrose served in the cabinet as Minister of Agriculture,[8] and later as Minister of Defence and of Foreign Affairs.[9] During his term as Minister of Agriculture, the Land Tenure Act of 1969 was enacted, reserving the amount of land for white ownership as 45 million acres (reduced from 49 million acres) and reserved another 45 million acres for black ownership, introducing parity in theory; however, the most fertile farmland continued to be included in the white portion.[10]
Although, in an article published in Illustrated Life Rhodesia in the mid-1970s, Montrose indicated that he saw his family remaining in Rhodesia for future generations, he and his family moved to Natal, South Africa in 1979 and then to Kinross, Scotland, where he spent his final days.[5]
He was a speaker of Gaelic and was fond of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland. He was buried in the family cemetery near Loch Lomond.[1]
Family
editGraham was first married to Isabel Veronia Sellar and had issue, both born in Southern Rhodesia:
- Lady Fiona Mary Graham (1932–2017);[11] married, in 1966, Peter Alexander O'Brien Hannon and has issue:
- Catherine Mary Hannon (born 1968)
- Veronica Maeve Hannon (born 1971)
- James Graham, 8th Duke of Montrose (born 1935 in Southern Rhodesia); married, in 1970, Catherine Elizabeth MacDonell Young and has issue:
- Lady Hermione Elizabeth Graham (born 1971)
- James Alexander Norman Graham, Marquess of Graham (born 1973)
- Lord Ronald John Christopher Graham (born 1975)
He married secondly Susan Mary Joclyn Semple of Kenya and had issue:
- Lady Cairistiona Anne Graham, born 1955; went to Girls High School Salisbury, Rhodesia, married, in 1982, Philip Patrick Saggers of Australia and has issue:
- Susanna Mary Saggers (born 1984)
- Marina Lilias Saggers (born 1986)
- Georgina Frances Saggers (born 1989)
- Lord Donald Alasdair Graham (born 1956); married, in 1981, Bridie Donalda Elspeth Cameron of the Black Isle and has issue:
- Caitriana Mary Alice Cameron (born 1984)
- Alasdair John Cameron (1986–1988)
- Violet Elizabeth Helen Cameron (born 1992)
- Jennie Alexandra Cameron (born 1993)
- Finlay Donald Cameron (born 1998)
- Lord Calum Ian Graham; married in 1991 Catherine Beatrice Fraser-Mackenzie (died 2008). Lord Calum Graham married secondly Estelle Baynes née Parry de Winton on 3 August 2013.[12] He had three children with his first wife:
- Iain Angus Graham (born 1995)
- Euan Douglas Graham (born 1996)
- Christabel Emily Graham (born 2001)
- Lady Lilias Catriona Maighearad Graham, married Jonathan Dillon Bell of Wellington, New Zealand, and has issue:
- Charles Michael Dillon Bell (born 1993)
- Eleanor Caroline Bell (born 1994)
Ancestry
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References
edit- ^ a b Graham, Angus And Master of None: The Life & Times of Angus Graham, 7th Duke of Montrose (Stuart Titles, 1996)
- ^ a b White, Luise (2015). Unpopular Sovereignty : Rhodesian Independence and African Decolonization. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-23505-9. OCLC 883646994.
- ^ "Royal Naval Volunteer Reserves etc". The Navy List: 167. February 1940. Retrieved 22 June 2024 – via National Library of Scotland.
- ^ Smith, Adrian (2010). Mountbatten: Apprentice War Lord. London: Bloomsbury. p. 122. ISBN 978-0-85771-492-3.
- ^ a b c "Duke of Montrose". The Times. No. 64254. 13 February 1992. p. 15.
- ^ "Prayers (1957)". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Lords. 25 June 1957.
- ^ Kenrick, David William (2019). Decolonisation, Identity and Nation in Rhodesia, 1964-1979 : A Race Against Time. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-32698-2. OCLC 1126543315.
- ^ "Zimbabwe: The 10-Point Plan Will Deliver". Financial Gazette (Zimbabwe). 3 September 2015. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
- ^ "Susan, Dowager Duchess of Montrose". The Herald (Scotland). 28 March 2014. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
- ^ Nelson, Harold. Zimbabwe: A Country Study. pp. 137–153.
- ^ "Lady Fiona Mary Hannon [1932–2017]". 5 June 2017.
- ^ "Lord Calum Graham and Mrs E. Baynes". The Daily Telegraph. London. 10 August 2013. Retrieved 14 August 2013.