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Isotopes of indium

Indium (49In) consists of two primordial nuclides, with the most common (~ 95.7%) nuclide (115In) being measurably though weakly radioactive. Its spin-forbidden decay has a half-life of 4.41×1014 years, much longer than the currently accepted age of the Universe.

Isotopes of indium (49In)
Main isotopes[1] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
111In synth 2.8 d ε 111Cd
113In 4.28% stable
115In 95.7% 4.41×1014 y β− 115Sn
Standard atomic weight Ar°(In)

The stable isotope 113In is only 4.3% of naturally occurring indium. Among elements with a known stable isotope, only tellurium and rhenium similarly occur with a stable isotope in lower abundance than the long-lived radioactive isotope. Other than 115In, the longest-lived radioisotope is 111In, with a half-life of 2.8047 days. All other radioisotopes have half-lives less than a day. This element also has 47 isomers, the longest-lived being 114m1In, with a half-life of 49.51 days. All other meta-states have half-lives less than a day, most less than an hour, and many measured in milliseconds or less.

Indium-111 is used medically in nuclear imaging, as a radiotracer nuclide tag for gamma camera localization of protein radiopharmaceuticals, such as In-111-labeled octreotide, which binds to receptors on certain endocrine tumors (Octreoscan).[4] Indium-111 is also used in indium white blood cell scans, which use nuclear medical techniques to search for hidden infections.

Several proton-rich isotopes of indium (including indium-99) have been used to measure the mass of the doubly-magic isotope tin-100.[5][6]

List of isotopes

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Nuclide
[n 1] 		Z N Isotopic mass (Da)
[n 2][n 3] 		Half-life
[n 4] 		Decay
mode
[n 5] 		Daughter
isotope
[n 6][n 7] 		Spin and
parity
[n 8][n 4] 		Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Excitation energy[n 4] Normal proportion Range of variation
96In 49 47 95.95911(54)# 1# ms
[>400 ns] 		β+? 96Cd 9/2+#
p? 95Cd
97In 49 48 96.94913(43)# 36(6) ms β+ (97.7%) 97Cd 9/2+#
β+, p (2.3%) 96Ag
p? 96Cd
97mIn 400(100)# keV 0.12(7) ms p? 96Cd 1/2−#
98In 49 49 97.94213(33)# 30(1) ms β+ (>99.87%) 98Cd (0+)
β+, p (<0.13%) 97Ag
98mIn[n 9] 820(730) keV 890(20) ms β+ (56%) 98Cd (9+)
β+, p (44%) 97Ag
99In 49 50 98.93411(32)# 3.11(6) s β+ (99.71%) 99Cd 9/2+#
β+, p (0.29%) 98Ag
100In 49 51 99.9311019(24) 5.62(6) s β+ (98.34%) 100Cd 6+#
β+, p (1.66%) 99Ag
101In 49 52 100.926414(13) 15.1(11) s β+ (>98.3%) 101Cd (9/2+)
β+, p (<1.7%) 100Ag
101mIn 640(40) keV 10# s β+? 101Cd 1/2−#
IT? 101In
102In 49 53 101.9241059(49) 23.3(1) s β+ (99.99%) 102Cd (6+)
β+, p (0.0093%) 101Ag
103In 49 54 102.9198788(96) 60(1) s β+ 103Cd (9/2+)
103mIn 631.7(1) keV 34(2) s β+ (67%) 103Cd (1/2−)
IT (33%) 103In
104In 49 55 103.9182145(62) 1.80(3) min β+ 104Cd (5+)
104mIn 93.48(10) keV 15.7(5) s IT (80%) 104In (3+)
β+ (20%) 104Cd
105In 49 56 104.914502(11) 5.07(7) min β+ 105Cd 9/2+
105mIn 674.09(25) keV 48(6) s IT 105In (1/2)−
β+? 105Cd
106In 49 57 105.9134636(13) 6.2(1) min β+ 106Cd 7+
106mIn 28.6(3) keV 5.2(1) min β+ 106Cd (2)+
107In 49 58 106.910287(10) 32.4(3) min β+ 107Cd 9/2+
107mIn 678.5(3) keV 50.4(6) s IT 107In 1/2−
108In 49 59 107.9096937(93) 58.0(12) min β+ 108Cd 7+
108mIn 29.75(5) keV 39.6(7) min β+ 108Cd 2+
109In 49 60 108.9071497(43) 4.159(10) h β+ 109Cd 9/2+
109m1In 649.79(10) keV 1.34(6) min IT 109In 1/2−
109m2In 2101.86(11) keV 210.0(9) ms IT 109In 19/2+
110In 49 61 109.907171(12) 4.92(8) h β+ 110Cd 7+
110mIn 62.08(4) keV 69.1(5) min β+ 110Cd 2+
111In[n 10] 49 62 110.9051072(37) 2.8048(1) d EC 111Cd 9/2+
111mIn 536.99(7) keV 7.7(2) min IT 111In 1/2−
112In 49 63 111.9055387(46) 14.88(15) min β+ (62%) 112Cd 1+
β− (38%) 112Sn
112m1In 156.592(25) keV 20.67(8) min IT 112In 4+
112m2In 350.80(5) keV 690(50) ns IT 112In (7)+
112m3In 613.82(6) keV 2.81(3) μs IT 112In 8−
113In[n 11] 49 64 112.90406045(20) Stable 9/2+ 0.04281(52)
113mIn 391.699(3) keV 1.6579(4) h IT 113In 1/2−
114In 49 65 113.90491641(32) 71.9(1) s β− (99.50%) 114Sn 1+
β+ (0.50%) 114Cd
114m1In 190.2682(8) keV 49.51(1) d IT (96.75%) 114In 5+
β+ (3.25%) 114Cd
114m2In 501.948(3) keV 43.1(6) ms IT (96.75%) 114m1In 8−
β+ (3.25%) 114Cd
115In[n 11][n 12] 49 66 114.903878772(12) 4.41(25)×1014 a β− 115Sn 9/2+ 0.95.719(52)
115mIn 336.244(17) keV 4.486(4) h IT (95.0%) 115In 1/2−
β− (5.0%) 115Sn
116In 49 67 115.90525999(24) 14.10(3) s β− (99.98%) 116Sn 1+
EC (0.0237%) 116Cd
116m1In 127.267(6) keV 54.29(17) min β− 116Sn 5+
116m2In 289.660(6) keV 2.18(4) s IT 116m1In 8−
117In 49 68 116.9045157(52) 43.2(3) min β− 117Sn 9/2+
117mIn 315.303(11) keV 116.2(3) min β− (52.9%) 117Sn 1/2−
IT (47.1%) 117In
118In 49 69 117.9063567(83) 5.0(5) s β− 118Sn 1+
118m1In[n 9] 100(50)# keV 4.364(7) min β− 118Sn 5+
118m2In 240(50)# keV 8.5(3) s IT (98.6%) 118m1In 8−
β− (1.4%) 118Sn
119In 49 70 118.9058516(78) 2.4(1) min β− 119Sn 9/2+
119m1In 311.37(3) keV 18.0(3) min β− (97.4%) 119Sn 1/2−
IT (2.6%) 119In
119m2In 654.27(7) keV 130(15) ns IT 119In (3/2)+
119m3In 2656.9(18) keV 265(10) ns IT 119In (25/2+)
120In 49 71 119.907967(43) 3.08(8) s β− 120Sn 1+
120m1In[n 9] 50(60)# keV 46.2(8) s β− 120Sn 5+
120m2In[n 9] 300(200)# keV 47.3(5) s β− 120Sn 8−
121In 49 72 120.907853(29) 23.1(6) s β− 121Sn 9/2+
121m1In 313.68(7) keV 3.88(10) min β− (98.8%) 121Sn 1/2−
IT (1.2%) 121In
121m2In 2550(100)# keV 7.3(2) μs IT 121In (25/2+)
122In 49 73 121.910282(54) 1.5(3) s β− 122Sn 1+
122m1In[n 9] 40(60)# keV 10.3(6) s β− 122Sn 5+
122m2In 290(140) keV 10.8(4) s β− 122Sn 8−
123In 49 74 122.910435(21) 6.17(5) s β− 123mSn 9/2+
123m1In 327.21(4) keV 47.4(4) s β− 123Sn 1/2−
123m2In 2078.1(6) keV 1.4(2) μs IT 123In (17/2−)
123m3In 2103(14)# keV >100 μs IT 123In (21/2−)
124In 49 75 123.913185(33) 3.12(9) s β− 124Sn 3+
124mIn[n 9] −20(60) keV 3.67(03) s β− 124Sn 8−
IT? 124In
125In 49 76 124.9136738(19) 2.36(4) s β− 125mSn 9/2+
125m1In 352(12) keV 12.2(2) s β− 125Sn 1/2−
125m2In 2009.4(7) keV 9.4(6) μs IT 125In (19/2+)
125m3In 2161.2(9) keV 5.0(15) ms IT 125In (23/2−)
126In 49 77 125.9164682(45) 1.53(1) s β− 126Sn 3+
126m1In 90(7) keV 1.64(5) s β− 126Sn 8−
126m2In 243.3(2) keV 22(2) μs IT 126In 1−
127In 49 78 126.9174539(14)[7] 1.086(7) s β− (>99.97%) 127mSn 9/2+
β−, n (<0.03%) 126Sn
127m1In 407.9(50) keV[7] 3.618(21) s β− (99.30%) 127mSn 1/2−#
β−, n (0.70%) 126Sn
127m2In 1728.7(12) keV[7] 1.04(10) s β− 127mSn (21/2−)
β−, n? 126Sn
127m3In 2364.7(9) keV 9(2) μs IT 127In (29/2+)
128In 49 79 127.9203536(14) 816(27) ms β− (99.96%) 128Sn (3)+
β−, n (0.038%) 127Sn
128m1In 247.87(10) keV 23(2) μs IT 128In (1)−
128m2In 285.1(22) keV 720(100) ms β− 128Sn (8−)
IT? 128In
β−, n? 127Sn
128m3In 1797.6(16) keV >0.3 s β− 128Sn (16+)
IT? 128In
β−, n? 127Sn
129In 49 80 128.9218085(21) 570(10) ms β− (99.77%) 129Sn 9/2+
β−, n (0.23%) 128Sn
129m1In 449.1(59) keV[7] 1.23(3) s β− (96.2%) 129Sn 1/2−
β−, n (3.6%) 128Sn
IT? 129In
129m2In 1646.6(33) keV[7] 670(100) ms β− 129Sn (23/2−)
IT? 129In
129m3In 1687.97(25) keV 11.2(2) μs IT 129In (17/2−)
129m4In 1927.6(33) keV[7] 110(15) ms IT 129In (29/2+)
β−? 129Sn
130In 49 81 129.9249523(19) 273(5) ms β− (99.07%) 130Sn 1(−)
β−, n (0.93%) 129Sn
130m1In[n 9] 66.5(27) keV 540(10) ms β− (98.20%) 130Sn (10-)
β−, n (1.80%) 129Sn
130m2In 385.4(26) keV 540(10) ms β− (98.20%) 130Sn (5+)
β−, n (1.80%) 129Sn
130m3In 388.3(2) keV 4.6(2) μs IT 130In (3+)
131In 49 82 130.9269728(24) 261.5(28) ms β− (97.75%) 131Sn 9/2+
β−, n (2.25%) 130Sn
131m1In 376(3) keV 328(15) ms β− (97.75%) 131Sn 1/2−
β−, n (2.25%) 130Sn
IT? 131In
131m2In 3750(90) keV 322(41) ms β− (88%) 131Sn (21/2+)
β−, n (12%) 130Sn
IT? 129Sn
131m3In 3783.6(5) keV 669(34) ns IT 131In (17/2+)
132In 49 83 131.932998(64) 202.2(2) ms β− (87.7%) 132Sn (7−)
β−, n (12.3%) 131Sn
β−, 2n? 130Sn
133In 49 84 132.93807(22)# 163.0(16) ms β−, n (85%) 132Sn (9/2+)
β− (15%) 133Sn
β−, 2n? 131Sn
133mIn 330(40)# keV 167(11) ms β−, n (93%) 132Sn (1/2−)
β− (7%) 133Sn
134In 49 85 133.94421(22)# 140(4) ms β−, n (65%) 133Sn 7−#
β−? 134Sn
β−, 2n (<4%) 132Sn
134mIn 56.7(1) keV 3.5(4) μs IT 134In (5−)
135In 49 86 134.94943(32)# 103(3) ms β− 135Sn 9/2+#
β−, n? 134Sn
β−, 2n? 133Sn
136In 49 87 135.95602(32)# 86(9) ms β− 136Sn 7−#
β−, n? 135Sn
β−, 2n? 134Sn
137In 49 88 136.96154(43)# 70(40) ms β− 137Sn 9/2+#
β−, n? 136Sn
β−, 2n? 135Sn
This table header & footer:
  1. ^ mIn – Excited nuclear isomer.
  2. ^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
  3. ^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
  4. ^ a b c # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
  5. ^ Modes of decay:
    EC: Electron capture
    IT: Isomeric transition
    n: Neutron emission
    p: Proton emission
  6. ^ Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
  7. ^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
  8. ^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.
  10. ^ Used in medical applications
  11. ^ a b Fission product
  12. ^ Primordial radionuclide

References

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  1. ^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
  2. ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Indium". CIAAW. 2011.
  3. ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  4. ^ "Octreoscan review". Medscape.
  5. ^ "Precision mass measurements of indium isotopes allow conclusions on the mass of the doubly-magic atomic nucleus of tin-100". GSI. 13 June 2012. Retrieved 2023-09-10.
  6. ^ "Tin 100 probed by studying its neighboring isotopes, indium 99 and 101 – IJCLab". Retrieved 2023-09-10.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Jaries, A.; Stryjczyk, M.; Kankainen, A.; Ayoubi, L. Al; Beliuskina, O.; Canete, L.; de Groote, R. P.; Delafosse, C.; Delahaye, P.; Eronen, T.; Flayol, M.; Ge, Z.; Geldhof, S.; Gins, W.; Hukkanen, M.; Imgram, P.; Kahl, D.; Kostensalo, J.; Kujanpää, S.; Kumar, D.; Moore, I. D.; Mougeot, M.; Nesterenko, D. A.; Nikas, S.; Patel, D.; Penttilä, H.; Pitman-Weymouth, D.; Pohjalainen, I.; Raggio, A.; Ramalho, M.; Reponen, M.; Rinta-Antila, S.; de Roubin, A.; Ruotsalainen, J.; Srivastava, P. C.; Suhonen, J.; Vilen, M.; Virtanen, V.; Zadvornaya, A. "Physical Review C - Accepted Paper: Isomeric states of fission fragments explored via Penning trap mass spectrometry at IGISOL". journals.aps.org. arXiv:2403.04710.
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