Sir George Leonard Staunton, 1st Baronet (10 April 1737 – 14 January 1801) was an Anglo-Irish physician, judge and diplomat best known for his participation in the Macartney Embassy.
George Staunton | |
|---|---|
 A portrait of Staunton by Lemuel Francis Abbott, c. 1785 | |
| Born | 10 April 1737 Cargin, County Galway, Ireland |
| Died | 14 January 1801 (aged 63) London, England |
| Education | Jesuit College (Toulouse) University of Montpellier University of Oxford |
| Occupation(s) | Physician, judge, diplomat |
| Children | George Staunton |
Life
editGeorge Leonard Staunton was born in Cargin, County Galway, Ireland, the son of Col. George Staunton. He was educated at the Jesuit College in Toulouse, France, obtaining an M.D. in 1758, and subsequently studied at the School of Medicine in Montpellier. He was awarded a DCL by the University of Oxford in 1790.[1]
Staunton initially worked as a physician in the British West Indies, where he acquired slave plantations on Grenada and Dominica.[2] He then switched to law and was made Attorney-General in Grenada in 1779. In 1784, he accompanied his lifelong friend George Macartney, 1st Earl Macartney, whom he first met in the West Indies, to Madras to negotiate peace with Tipu Sultan, for which service Staunton was created a baronet of Ireland, on 31 October 1785.[3] He was elected in February 1787 a Fellow of the Royal Society.[4]
In 1793, Staunton was named Secretary of the British Macartney Embassy to the Qing dynasty of China, which was headed by Lord Macartney. While the embassy returned to London without obtaining any concession from China, the mission brought back detailed observations.
Staunton died at his London house, 17 Devonshire Street, on 14 January 1801 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, where a monument by Sir Francis Chantrey was erected to his memory around 1808.[5]
The baronetcy, Staunton's estate at Clydagh, County Galway and his London townhouse were all inherited by his only son, George Thomas Staunton.
Works
editStaunton was charged with producing the official account of the Macartney Embassy, after their return. It was published 1797 under the title An Authentic Account of an Embassy from the King of Great Britain to the Emperor of China. This multi-volume work was taken chiefly from papers of Lord Macartney and Sir Erasmus Gower, Commander of the expedition. Sir Joseph Banks, the President of the Royal Society, was responsible for selecting and arranging engraving of the illustrations in this official record.[6]
References
editCitations
edit- ^ Foster, Joseph (1888–1892). . Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715–1886. Oxford: Parker and Co – via Wikisource.
- ^ "The Centre for the Study of the Legacies of British Slavery". University College London. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
- ^ "No. 12699". The London Gazette. 12 November 1785. p. 522.
- ^ "Library and Archive Catalogue". Royal Society. Retrieved 21 October 2010.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Dictionary of British Sculptors 1660-1851 by Rupert Gunnis
- ^ Banks, Joseph. Papers of Sir Joseph Banks; Section 12: Lord Macartney’s embassy to China; Series 62: Papers concerning publication of the account of Lord Macartney's Embassy to China, ca 1797., State Library of New South Wales.
Bibliography
edit- Leigh Rayment's list of baronets
- Barrow, John. (1807). Some Account of the Public Life, and a Selection from the Unpublished Writings, of the Earl of Macartney, 2 vols. London: T. Cadell and W. Davies.
- Cranmer-Byng, J. L. "Lord Macartney’s Embassy to Peking in 1793." Journal of Oriental Studies. Vol. 4, Nos. 1,2 (1957–58): 117–187.
- Esherick, Joseph W. "Cherishing Sources from Afar." Modern China Vol. 24, No. 2 (1998): 135–61.
- Hevia, James Louis. (1995). Cherishing Men from Afar: Qing Guest Ritual and the Macartney Embassy of 1793. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-1637-4
- Peyrefitte, Alain. (1992). The Immobile Empire (Jon Rotschild, translator). New York: Alfred A. Knopf/Random House. ISBN 978-0-394-58654-0 Google Books
- Peyrefitte, Alain. (1990). Images de l'Empire immobile ou le choc des mondes. Récit historique. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-02383-0 (paper)
- Robbins, Helen Henrietta Macartney (1908). Our First Ambassador to China: An Account of the Life of George, Earl of Macartney with Extracts from His Letters, and the Narrative of His Experiences in China, as Told by Himself, 1737-1806, from Hitherto Unpublished Correspondence and Documents. London : John Murray. [digitized by University of Hong Kong Libraries, Digital Initiatives, "China Through Western Eyes." ]
- Rockhill, William Woodville. "Diplomatic Missions to the Court of China: The Kotow Question I," The American Historical Review, Vol. 2, No. 3 (Apr., 1897), pp. 427–442.
- Rockhill, William Woodville. "Diplomatic Missions to the Court of China: The Kotow Question II," The American Historical Review, Vol. 2, No. 4 (Jul., 1897), pp. 627–643.
- Staunton, George Leonard (1797). "An Authentic Account of an Embassy from the King of Great Britain to the Emperor of China". London: George Nicol..
"Staunton, George Leonard". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.