Ethmalosa

Bonga is caught by inshore small-scale fisheries using seine fishing from a boat or by beach seine. It may also be caught by gill net.

Bonga is also used to make fish meal, a powder which is exported around the world and used to feed farmed fish in places like Norway and China.^[3] The practice is controversial in countries like The Gambia, where environmentalists say over-fishing of bonga for fish meal is raising prices for locals.^[4] Refuse from fish meal plants has also been linked to environmental damage.^[5]

Bonga is very important in West African coastal and lagoon fishing communities and it is an important food source in West and Central Africa.^[6] It is usually smoke-dried for 2 to 5 days, depending on size and on the market. Smoke-drying is done over a fire. The fish is placed on sticks, bars or wire mesh trays about 1 m from the floor. A fire is lit on the floor and the fish is first cooked over a high fire, then the fire is reduced to a smoldering fire which is kept going for as long as necessary. Smoking "ovens" can be open without walls or closed with walls either in the outside air or inside a smoke house. A hard-smoked bonga can be kept for several months in ambient conditions.

Smoke-drying of fish is essentially a drying process to preserve the product in the absence of refrigeration. It is different from fish smoking as it is known in Europe, USA, Canada, etc., where it is applied to impart taste, such as smoked salmon (cold smoked) or smoked eel (hot smoked) which must be stored under refrigeration.

• List of smoked foods