Edison de Souza Carneiro (12 August 1912 – 2 December 1972) was a Brazilian writer and ethnologist who specialized in Afro-Brazilian culture. He was one of the most well-known Brazilian ethnologists during his time with his studies on Afro-Brazilian culture and history, which had largely been ignored by Brazilian academic literature up to that point.[1][2] He was also an activist with the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB), starting in the 1930s.[3]
Edison Carneiro | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Edison de Souza Carneiro 12 August 1912 |
| Died | 2 December 1972 (aged 60) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
| Occupation(s) | Writer, ethnologist |
| Relatives | Nelson Carneiro (brother) Laura Carneiro (niece) |
Biography
editCarneiro was born on 12 August 1912 in Salvador, Bahia, one of 12 children to Antônio Joaquim de Souza Carneiro, the first to find oil in the Lobato neighborhood of Salvador, and Laura Coelho de Souza Carneiro.[4] His brother was senator and president of the national congress Nelson Carneiro,[3][5] and through him, his niece is federal deputy and Rio de Janeiro councilwoman Laura Carneiro.[6]
He was a part of a wave of historians in the 1930s that gave greater attention academically to Candomblé,[7] with this wave mostly focusing on the Nagô tradition.[8] The growing literature, both scholarly and popular, helped document Candomblé while contributing to its greater standardization.[9] He would later be invited by Dorothy B. Porter, alongside statesmen such as Kwame Nkrumah and Eric Williams, to give lectures at Howard University.[10]
Carneiro, along with Solano and Margarida Trindade, would co-found the Teatro Popular Brasileiro (TPB), a popular theater group inspired by Brazilian Black and indigenous cultural traditions.[11]
In 1962, the "Carta do samba" ("The samba letter"), a document written by Carneiro, was made public,[12] which expressed the need to preserve traditional features of samba, such as the syncopa, without, however, "denying or taking away spontaneity and prospects for progress".[13] This letter came to meet a series of circumstances that made traditional urban samba not only revalued in different Brazilian cultural circles, but also started to be considered by them as a kind of "counter-hegemonic" and "resistance music" in the Brazilian music scene.[14] In a decade characterized in the Brazilian music industry by the domination of international rock music and its Brazilian variant, Jovem Guarda, the traditional samba would have started to be seen as an expression of the greatest authenticity and purity of the genre,[15] which led to the creation of terms such as "samba autêntico" ("authentic samba"), "samba de morro" ("samba of the hill"), "samba de raiz" ("roots samba"), or "samba de verdade" ("real samba").[14]
Carneiro died on 2 December 1972 in Rio de Janeiro.[16]
Works
edit- Religiões Negras, Editora Civilização Brasileira, Rio de Janeiro, 1936, 1963;
- Negros Bantos, Editora Civilização Brasileira, Rio de Janeiro, 1937;
- O Quilombo dos Palmares, Editora Brasiliense, São Paulo, 1947, 1958;
- Castro Alves, 1947, 1958;
- Candomblés da Bahia, Editora do Museu do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, 1948;
- Antologia do Negro Brasileiro, Editora Globo, Porto Alegre, 1950;
- A Cidade do Salvador, 1954;
- A Conquista da Amazônia, 1956;
- A Sabedoria Popular, 1957;
- Insurreição Praiana, 1960;
- Samba de Umbigada, Ministério da Educação e Cultura, Rio de Janeiro, 1961.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Oliveira, Amurabi (12 July 2018). "Amizades e inimizades na formação dos estudos afro-brasileiros". Latitude (in Portuguese). 11 (2). ISSN 2179-5428.
- ^ Jensen, Tina Gudrun (2001). "Discursos sobre as religiões afro-brasileiras - Da desafricanização para a reafricanização". Estudos da Religião (1): 1–21.
- ^ a b Tadeu Arantes, José (7 October 2016). "Edison Carneiro: o Ogã comunista". Agência FAPESP. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
- ^ "O Nosso Patrono - O Senador Nelson Carneiro". Instutito Senador Carneiro. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
- ^ Capone, Stefania. "Carneiro, Édison". Dictionary of Caribbean and Afro-Latin American Biography. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
- ^ "Grandes Momentos do Parlamento Brasileiro". Federal Senate of Brazil. 23 March 1998. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
- ^ Johnson 2002, pp. 80–81.
- ^ Hayes 2007, p. 297.
- ^ Johnson 2002, p. 161.
- ^ Nunes, Zita Cristina (November 26, 2018). "Remembering the Howard University Librarian Who Decolonized the Way Books Were Catalogued". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved October 24, 2024.
- ^ "Solano Trindade". www.museuafrobrasil.org.br. Retrieved 2021-05-15.
- ^ Lopes 2019, p. 129.
- ^ Carneiro 2012, p. 24.
- ^ a b Benzecry 2015, p. 111.
- ^ Lopes & Simas 2015, p. 203.
- ^ Santos Cordeiro, Anderson (24 August 2020). "ENTRE O CANDOMBLÉ E A CULTURA: Edison Carneiro e os estudos culturais afro-brasileiros". Caos – Revista Eletrônica de Ciências Sociais. 2 (25). Federal University of Paraíba: 170–188. doi:10.46906/caos.n25.54739.p170-188. Retrieved 24 October 2024.
Bibliography
edit- Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195150582.
- Hayes, Kelly E. (2007). "Black Magic and the Academy: Macumba and Afro-Brazilian "Orthodoxies"". History of Religions. 46 (4): 283–31. doi:10.1086/518811. JSTOR 10.1086/518811.
- Lopes, Nei (29 May 2020). "O amplo e diversificado universo do samba". In Stroeter, Guga; Mori, Elisa (eds.). Uma árvore da música brasileira (in Brazilian Portuguese). São Paulo: Sesc (published 2019). ISBN 9788594932181.
- Carneiro, Edison (2012). "Carta do samba" (PDF). Centro Nacional de Folclore e Culturar Popular (in Brazilian Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
- Lopes, Nei; Simas, Luiz Antonio (2015). Dicionário da História Social do Samba (in Brazilian Portuguese) (2ª ed.). Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira.
- Benzecry, Lena (2015). A radiodifusão sonora do samba urbano carioca: uma retrospectiva crítica das principais representações construídas acerca desse gênero musical em programas radiofônicos do Rio de Janeiro (PhD) (in Brazilian Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Archived from the original on 26 December 2021. Retrieved 7 August 2020.