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2018 Asian Games

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"Indonesia 2018" redirects here. For the events that have taken place in the country in 2018, see 2018 in Indonesia. For the Asian Para Games, see 2018 Asian Para Games.

The 2018 Asian Games (Indonesian: Pesta Olahraga Asia 2018 or Asian Games 2018), officially known as the 18th Asian Games (Indonesian: Pesta Olahraga Asia ke-18), and also known as Jakarta-Palembang 2018 or Indonesia 2018, were a continental multi-sport event that was held from 18 August to 2 September 2018 in Jakarta and Palembang.

XVIII Asian Games
Host cityJakarta & Palembang, Indonesia[1]
MottoEnergy of Asia[a]
Nations45
Athletes11,300
Events465 in 46 sports (61 disciplines)[3]
Opening18 August 2018[4]
Closing2 September 2018
Opened byJoko Widodo
President of Indonesia
Closed byAhmad Al-Fahad Al-Sabah
President of the Olympic Council of Asia
Athlete's OathArki Dikania Wisnu
Judge's OathWahyana
Torch lighterSusi Susanti
Main venueGelora Bung Karno Main Stadium[5]
Websiteasiangames2018.id (archived)
Summer
Winter

For the first time, the Summer Asian Games were co-hosted by two regions; the Indonesian capital of Jakarta (which was hosting the Games for the first time since 1962), and Palembang, the capital of South Sumatra province. Events were held in and around the two cities, including venues in Bandung and the provinces of West Java and Banten. The opening and closing ceremonies of the Games were held at Gelora Bung Karno Stadium in Jakarta. The Games were originally awarded to Hanoi, Vietnam, but withdrew in 2014 due to budgetary concerns and other factors.

Several non-Olympic events were trimmed from the event programme, but several new disciplines being introduced at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo (including 3-on-3 basketball) were added. Esports and canoe polo were also contested as demonstration sports.

China led the medal tally for the tenth consecutive time. North and South Korea fielded a unified team during the opening ceremony and selected events, and also won their first-ever gold medal as a unified team at a multi-sport event. 6 world, 18 Asian and 86 Asian Games records were broken during the Games, while Japanese swimmer Rikako Ikee was announced as the most valuable player.[3]

Bidding process

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Main article: Bids for the 2018 Asian Games

The OCA originally planned to hold these Games in 2019 rather than 2018, so that Asian Games would be held exactly a year before the 2020 Summer Olympics instead of the same year as the 2018 Winter Olympics. After they were awarded to Indonesia, the OCA backtracked on these plans and kept the Games in 2018, so that they would not interfere with the 2019 Indonesian general election.[6][7]

Initial bidding

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Hanoi, Vietnam was originally selected to be the host after they won the bid against two other candidates, Surabaya and Dubai. They were awarded the winning bid on 8 November 2012, with 29 votes against Surabaya's 14 votes.[8] Dubai pulled out at the last minute, instead announcing their intention to focus on future bids. The UAE's National Olympic Committee's vice-president denied any pullout and claimed that Dubai "did not apply for hosting 2019 Asian Games" and had "only considered" doing so.[9][10][11]

However, in March 2014, there were some concerns about Vietnam's ability to host. These included concerns over whether the anticipated budget of US$150 million was realistic. There were claims that the government would eventually spend over US$300 million. In addition, critics were concerned that several stadiums built in conjunction with the 2003 Southeast Asian Games had not been utilized since.[12] Former chairman of the Vietnam Olympic Committee Ha Quang Du also claimed that hosting the Asian Games would not boost tourism in Vietnam.[13]

On 17 April 2014, Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng officially announced Hanoi's withdrawal from hosting, citing unpreparedness and economic recession as the main reasons for the withdrawal, saying "they have left the country unable to afford the construction of facilities and venues".[14] Many Vietnamese people supported the decision to withdraw.[15] No penalty was imposed for the withdrawal.[16]

Appointment of Jakarta and Palembang

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After Hanoi's withdrawal, the OCA said that Indonesia, China, and the United Arab Emirates were major candidates under consideration to host. Indonesia was widely regarded as a favourite, since Surabaya was the runner-up of the previous bid,[17] and willing to do so if selected.[18][19] The Philippines and India expressed their interest about hosting the Games, but India failed to submit a late bid because it was unable to get an audience with Prime Minister Narendra Modi after being given an extended deadline by the OCA.[20][21]

On 5 May 2014, the OCA visited several Indonesian cities, including Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, and Palembang. At this time Surabaya decided to drop their bid to host the Games and instead focus on hosting the already scheduled 2021 Asian Youth Games.[22] On 25 July 2014, during a meeting in Kuwait City, the OCA appointed Jakarta as the host of the Games with Palembang as the supporting host.As the capital and the third biggest city on southern hemisphere,Jakarta was chosen because of its well-equipped sports facilities, adequate transportation networks, and other facilities such as hotels and lodging for guests.[23] On 20 September 2014, Indonesia signed the host city contract,[24] and was ceremonially appointed host during the closing ceremony of the 2014 Asian Games in Incheon. An organising committee was formed soon after the appointment.[25][26][27]

Development and preparations

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Costs

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By 2015, the central government had allocated a budget of IDR 3 trillion (US$224 million) to prepare for the Games, with regional administrations also expected to supply some part of the funding.[28] By July 2018, the budget allocation for the Games had been reported to be IDR 6.6 trillion (US$450 million) including IDR 869 billion (US$59 million) from sponsorships.[29][30][31] However, on 2 September 2018, the Finance Minister of Indonesia Sri Mulyani disclosed that IDR 8.2 trillion was financed by 2015–2018 state budget, which was used by the local organizing committee, namely the Indonesia Asian Games Organizing Committee (INASGOC) led by Erick Thohir, for all preparations, opening, organising, and finalizing the implementation of the 2018 Asian Games.[32] The total cost of arranging the Games is estimated about US$3.2 billion, of which $2.4 billion being spent on infrastructure development associated with the games.[33][34]

Volunteers

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Phase 2 volunteering programme of Jakarta-Palembang 2018 Asian Games began on 18 December 2017 with target of 13,000 volunteers being set.[35][36] The volunteers wore clothing which included jacket, polo shirts and trousers which they collected from the Uniform Distribution and Accreditation Centre at the Sports and Recreation Arena in East Jakarta. Volunteers also wore accreditation card which gain them access to specific venues and buildings around the site.[37][38]

Torch relay

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Main article: 2018 Asian Games torch relay
 
Indonesian badminton legend Susi Susanti carried a torch fire during the Asian Games Torch Relay Concert in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

On 10 May 2018, 100 days before their opening, the Asian Games torch was unveiled. The design was inspired by the golok and skin — traditional weapons originating from Jakarta and Palembang.[39]

The torch relay began at the Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium in New Delhi, host of the 1st Asian Games, on 15 July 2018. The flame was generated from a parabolic mirror directed at the sun.[40] On 18 July 2018, a ceremony took place in Brahma field by the 9th century Hindu temple of Prambanan near Yogyakarta, where the torch's flame from India were fused together with an Indonesian natural eternal flame taken from Mrapen, Central Java. Subsequently, the Torch Relay Concert were performed marking the start of torch relay throughout the country.[41]

The relay travelled through 54 cities in 18 provinces in Indonesia, including host cities. The relay covered a total distance of 18,000 kilometres (11,000 mi).[42] The relay finished on 17 August, the 73rd anniversary of the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, at the National Monument in Jakarta before being carried into the opening ceremony at Gelora Bung Karno Stadium the next day.[40]

Marketing

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Emblem and mascot

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Bhin Bhin, Kaka, and Atung, the mascots of the 2018 Asian Games

The initial emblem for the 2018 Asian Games was first unveiled on 9 September 2015, in celebration of the country's National Sports Day.[43] On 27 December 2015, the Games' mascot, Drawa, was unveiled by vice president Jusuf Kalla. Both the emblem and mascot were a stylized rendition of the cenderawasih, a rare species of bird in Indonesia.[44][45]

The designs were widely criticised for their outdated appearance, and Drawa was also criticised for having little connection to Indonesian culture and history (with some Indonesians joking that the mascot looked more like a chicken than a cenderawasih). Organisers ultimately withdrew the original emblem and mascot, and announced an open call for a new design. Out of 60 submissions, the new emblem — entitled "Energy of Asia" — was unveiled on 28 July 2016. The new emblem was modelled upon the Gelora Bung Karno Stadium, and was intended to symbolise unity among Asian countries.[46][47][48]

Three new mascots were also unveiled: Bhin Bhin, a greater bird-of-paradise; Atung, a Bawean deer; and Kaka,[b] a Javan rhinoceros. They represent the Eastern, Central, and Western regions of Indonesia,[50] as well as strategy, speed and strength. The mascots' outfits reflect traditional textiles; Bhin Bhin wears a vest with Asmat pattern details, Atung wears a sarong with batik tumpal patterns, and Kaka wears a Palembang songket with floral patterns. Their names were derived from the national motto of Indonesia, Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (Unity in Diversity).[51]

Medals

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The medal designs were unveiled in July 2018, featuring batik designs reflecting the unity and diversity of Indonesian and Asian culture.[52]

Promotion

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On 18 August 2017, simultaneous events were held at Jakarta's National Monument and Palembang's Kuto Besak Fort to mark the one-year milestone before the Games. The event in Jakarta was attended by president Joko Widodo, and featured performances by Taeyeon and Kim Hyo-yeon of K-pop group Girls' Generation. Countdown clocks were unveiled at the Selamat Datang Monument and in front of Gelora Sriwijaya Stadium.[53][54]

Several fun run events were held in Asian countries to promote the Games, beginning with Lahore, Pakistan in December 2017.[55]

Merchandising

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The games' merchandises and licensing products, which included mascot stuffed toys and other items, were sold in stores across Jakarta (including the Super Store at the Gelora Bung Karno Sports Complex) from the end of 2017 to the end of September 2018.[56][57][58]

Music

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Main article: Energy of Asia: Official Album of Asian Games 2018

The official theme song of the Games, "Meraih Bintang" ("Reach for the Stars"), was performed by Via Vallen. The song was included in a larger official album for the Games, released on 13 July 2018 and featuring various Indonesian musicians.[59]

As part of an effort to appeal younger spectators, the Indonesian-Japanese idol group JKT48 was signed to perform at some of the Games' venues, such as jet ski, softball, and volleyball.[60] They performed in select events between 19 August and 1 September in a group consisted of eight members from each of its teams.[61]

Philatelic

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As part of creating a memorable and collectible item, the Indonesian postal service Pos Indonesia issued a philatelic collectible items of the 2018 Asian Games series. These items were issued on 18 January 2018 and 18 August 2018.[62]

Venues

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Main article: Venues of the 2018 Asian Games

The Games used a mix of new and existing venues in Jakarta and South Sumatra (with organizers aiming to reuse existing facilities and infrastructure, such as those built for the 2011 Southeast Asian Games, to help control costs), as well as Jakarta's neighbouring provinces of Banten, and West Java. Venues were divided into four clusters, with three in Jakarta and its surrounding areas and one in Palembang.[63][64][28]

Jakarta

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Gelora Bung Karno Main Stadium hosted the ceremonies and athletics events.

The Gelora Bung Karno Sports Complex in Jakarta hosted 13 events.[65][66] The 56-year-old Main Stadium was refurbished for the Games,[67][68] replacing its existing bleachers and seating with an all-seater design (reducing its capacity to 77,193), and adding new sound systems and LED lighting among other enhancements.[69][70][71]

The Jakarta International Velodrome at Rawamangun in East Jakarta was rebuilt, at a cost of US$40 million for cycling, badminton, futsal, basketball, and wrestling.[72] The Jakarta International Equestrian Park at Pulomas underwent a US$30.8 million renovation, with a capacity of 1,000, 100 stables, lodging for athletes, and other amenities.[73]

Palembang

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Gelora Sriwijaya Stadium hosted the final of women's football

Jakabaring Sport City was used as an event site. While there were preliminary plans to increase the size of Gelora Sriwijaya Stadium from 36,000 to 60,000 seats, they were shelved. The site still underwent some renovations, including also being converted from bleachers to an all-seater.[74][75] A new 40-lane bowling alley was constructed on the complex,[76] as well as eight additional tennis courts.[77] The length of the canoeing and rowing venue in Jakabaring Lake was extended to 2,300 meters, while new rowing facilities and a tribune were built on the lake shore.[78] Other existing venues which was used for Games were also renovated, including Ranau Sports Hall as sepak takraw venue.[79]

Athletes' villages

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A 10-hectare athletes' village was constructed in Jakarta's Kemayoran district, with 7,424 apartments in 10 towers, and a total capacity of 22,272. A second athletes' village was built at Jakabaring Sports City at Palembang, which housed 3,000 athletes and officials.[80][81]

Transport

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Ampera LRT Station, one of 13 stations of Palembang LRT

As part of the Games preparation, the construction of the Jakarta MRT and Jakarta LRT was accelerated, though neither were ready for general commercial operation at the time of the opening ceremonies.[82] A line of Jakarta LRT connected the athletes' village at Kemayoran in Central Jakarta to the Velodrome at Rawamangun in East Jakarta. City bus operator TransJakarta added 416 buses to serve the officials,[83] and also provide free rides on selected days during the Games.[84]

Palembang upgraded their transportation facilities ahead for the Games by building 25 kilometres of the Palembang Light Rail Transit from Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II International Airport to Jakabaring Sports City which opened for public use in July 2018.[85][86] Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II International Airport is expanding its existing arrival and departure terminals to increase its capacity and also connecting the airport with the light rail transit (LRT) terminal by building a skybridge.[87] Other transportation facilities such as toll roads, flyovers, and bridges will be also built in and around the city.[88]

The Games

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Opening ceremony

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Main article: 2018 Asian Games opening ceremony
See also: 2018 Asian Games Parade of Nations
 
Opening ceremony

The opening ceremony started at 19:00 Western Indonesian Time (UTC+7) on Saturday, 18 August 2018. Wishnutama, then-CEO of Indonesian TV network NET. was the creative director for the ceremony.[89] The ceremony stage showcased a towering 26 meter-high mountain with a waterfall as its background, accompanied by Indonesian plants and flowers.[90] North and South Korea delegates marched together under one unified flag of Korea, which marked the first time both countries did so in the Asian Games after 12 years.

The games was officially opened by the President of Indonesia, Joko Widodo.[90]

Sports

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In March 2017, the Olympic Council of Asia initially announced that the Games would feature 484 events in 42 sports, including the 28 permanent Olympic sports contested at the 2016 Summer Olympics, the five additional sports that will be contested at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, as well as events in other non-Olympic sports.[91] In April 2017, the OCA approved reductions in the programme in response to cost concerns; belt wrestling, cricket, kurash, skateboarding, sambo, and surfing were dropped from the programme, and there was to be a reduced number of competitions in bridge, jet ski, jujitsu, paragliding, sport climbing, taekwondo (in particular, all non-Olympic weight classes), and wushu. These changes reduced the total number of events to 431.[92][93]

The final programme was unveiled in September 2017, increasing it to 462 events in 40 sports (61 disciplines) as the second-largest programme in Asian Games history.[3] Additional disciplines being introduced at the 2020 Summer Olympics were also added, including 3x3 basketball and BMX freestyle.[94]

For the first time in Asian Games history, esports and canoe polo were contested as demonstration sports in the Games. Six video game titles, most notably Pro Evolution Soccer 2018, were featured in the esports events.[95][96]

2018 Asian Games Sports Programme
Demonstration sports

Participating National Olympic Committees

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All 45 members of the Olympic Council of Asia participated in the games.[97] North Korea and South Korea competed as a unified team in some events under the name "Korea" (COR), and marched together under the Korean Unification Flag during the opening and closing ceremonies.[98] With a gold medal in the Women's 500 metre dragon boat competition, a unified team won their first-ever gold medal in a multi-sport event.[99]

Originally set to compete as Independent Asian Athletes, the Kuwaitis were allowed to compete under their own flags just two days before the opening ceremony.[100]

Below is a list of all the participating NOCs. The number of competitors per delegation is indicated in brackets.

Participating National Olympic Committees[101]
Number of athletes by National Olympic Committees (by highest to lowest)

Calendar

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All times are in Western Indonesia Time (UTC+7)

[133][134]

 OC  Opening ceremony  ●   Event competitions  1  Gold medal events  CC  Closing ceremony
August/September 10th
Fri 		11th
Sat 		12th
Sun 		13th
Mon 		14th
Tue 		15th
Wed 		16th
Thu 		17th
Fri 		18th
Sat 		19th
Sun 		20th
Mon 		21st
Tue 		22nd
Wed 		23rd
Thu 		24th
Fri 		25th
Sat 		26th
Sun 		27th
Mon 		28th
Tue 		29th
Wed 		30th
Thu 		31st
Fri 		1st
Sat 		2nd
Sun 		Events
Ceremonies OC CC —
Aquatics   Artistic swimming ● 1 1 55
  Diving 2 2 2 2 2
  Swimming 7 7 7 8 6 6
  Water polo ● ● ● ● 1 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1
  Archery ● ● ● ● ● ● 4 4 8
  Athletics 4 11 7 7 9 10 48
  Badminton ● ● ● 2 ● ● ● ● 2 3 7
Baseball   Baseball ● ● ● ● ● 1 2
  Softball ● ● ● ● 1
Basketball   5 x 5 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 2 2
  3 x 3 ● ● ● ● ● 2
  Bowling 1 1 1 1 ● 2 6
  Boxing ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 10 10
  Bridge ● ● ● ● ● ● 3 ● ● ● ● 3 6
Canoeing   Slalom ● 2 2 16
  Sprint ● 6 ● 6
Cycling   BMX 2 24
  Mountain biking 2 2
  Road cycling 1 1 2
  Track cycling 2 3 2 3 4
  Dragon boat 2 2 1 5
  Equestrian 1 ● 1 ● ● 2 ● 1 1 6
  Fencing 2 2 2 2 2 2 12
  Field hockey ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
  Football ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
  Golf ● ● ● 4 4
Gymnastics   Artistic 1 1 2 5 5 18
  Rhythmic 1 1
  Trampolining 2
  Handball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
  Jet ski ● 1 2 1 4
  Judo 4 5 5 1 15
  Jujitsu 3 3 2 8
  Kabaddi ● ● ● ● ● 2 2
  Karate 4 4 4 12
  Kurash 3 2 2 7
  Modern pentathlon 1 1 2
  Paragliding ● ● 2 2 ● ● ● ● 2 6
  Pencak silat ● ● ● ● 8 8 16
Roller sports

  Roller skating

2 6
  Skateboarding ● 4
  Rowing ● ● ● ● 8 7 15
  Rugby sevens ● ● 2 2
  Sailing ● ● ● ● ● 10 10
  Sambo 2 2 4
  Sepak takraw ● ● ● 2 ● ● 1 ● ● 1 ● ● ● 2 6
  Shooting 2 4 3 2 2 3 2 2 20
  Soft tennis ● 2 1 ● 2 5
  Sport climbing 2 ● ● 2 2 6
  Squash ● ● ● 2 ● ● ● ● ● 2 4
  Table tennis ● ● 2 ● 1 ● 2 5
  Taekwondo 4 3 3 2 2 14
  Tennis ● ● ● ● ● 2 3 5
  Triathlon 1 1 1 3
Volleyball   Beach volleyball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 4
  Indoor volleyball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 2
  Weightlifting 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 15
  Wrestling 5 5 4 4 18
  Wushu 1 2 3 2 6 14
Daily medal events 21 29 28 33 42 37 26 36 39 29 36 34 30 44 1 465
Cumulative Total 21 50 78 111 153 190 216 252 291 320 356 390 420 464 465

  Canoe polo (demonstration)

● ● 2 2
  eSports (demonstration) 1 1 ● 1 1 1 1 6
August/September 10th
Fri 		11th
Sat 		12th
Sun 		13th
Mon 		14th
Tue 		15th
Wed 		16th
Thu 		17th
Fri 		18th
Sat 		19th
Sun 		20th
Mon 		21st
Tue 		22nd
Wed 		23rd
Thu 		24th
Fri 		25th
Sat 		26th
Sun 		27th
Mon 		28th
Tue 		29th
Wed 		30th
Thu 		31st
Fri 		1st
Sat 		2nd
Sun 		Events

Closing ceremony

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Main article: 2018 Asian Games closing ceremony

The closing ceremony started at 19:00 Western Indonesia Time (UTC+7) on Sunday, 2 September 2018 and ended at 21:25. In addition to local artists and a Chinese segment, the South Korean boybands Super Junior and iKon, and Indian singer Sidharth Slathia performed in the ceremony.[135] Mayor of Hangzhou Xu Liyi received the Games flag for the 2022 Games from Jakarta Governor Anies Baswedan and South Sumatra Governor Alex Noerdin.[136]

Medal table

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Main article: 2018 Asian Games medal table

China led the medal table for the tenth consecutive time. Korea claimed their first gold medal at the Games in the canoeing women's traditional boat race 500 m event.[137] A total of 37 NOCs won at least one medal, 29 NOCs won at least one gold medal and 9 NOCs failed to win any medal at the Games.

The top ten ranked NOCs at these Games are listed below.

  *   Host nation (Indonesia[138])

2018 Asian Games medal table
RankNOCGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1  China (CHN)1329265289
2  Japan (JPN)755674205
3  South Korea (KOR)495870177
4  Indonesia (INA)*31244398
5  Uzbekistan (UZB)20242569
6  Iran (IRI)20202262
7  Chinese Taipei (TPE)17193167
8  India (IND)16233170
9  Kazakhstan (KAZ)15174476
10  North Korea (PRK)12121337
11–37Remaining NOCs79118206403
Totals (37 entries)4664636241,553

Broadcasting

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International Games Broadcast Services (IGBS), a joint venture between Host Broadcast Services (HBS) and IMG Media was appointed by the organiser in July 2017 to serve as the host broadcaster for these Games.[139][140] Involving 37 live production units, it distributed 2,400 hours of the Games content to its international rights holders.[141][142] The International Broadcast Centre was constructed in Jakarta Convention Center, with a smaller one constructed at the Palembang cluster.[143][144]

Concerns and controversies

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Main article: Concerns and controversies at the 2018 Asian Games

Before the Games, authorities in Indonesia were confident both host cities would be ready for the Games although they have had only four years to prepare rather than the usual six after stepping in to fill the gap when Vietnam, whose city of Hanoi was originally chosen to host these Games by the Olympic Council of Asia, dropped out in 2014 citing concerns over costs. On top of that, work in both host cities was delayed throughout 2015 because government funding was not immediately available.[145]

Various concerns from traffic congestion problems, series of terror attacks, which local police claimed is a pre-Asian Games crackdown on terror suspects and petty street criminals,[146][147] and already-provoked Indonesian fans at the venue.[148][149]

Jakarta struggled with air pollution and river pollution problems.[150] River pollution revealed where authorities covered a foul-smelling river near the athletes' village with black nylon mesh over fears it will be an eyesore at the showpiece event.[151] Governor of Jakarta at that time, and the Indonesian Environment and Forestry Ministry quickly relieved the issues by various solutions.[152][153]

A doping case from a Turkmen wrestler was recorded, which jeopardize the sport's existence for future Games.[154]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Only the English version of the motto were used during the Games. There is no Indonesian equivalent of the motto adopted.[2]
  2. ^ The mascot was named Ika at the time of announcement,[48][49] but it was later renamed Kaka.

References

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  3. ^ a b c "Japan's swimmer Ikee named Asian Games' MVP". Xinhuanet.com. Xinhua News Agency. 2 September 2018. Archived from the original on 2 September 2018. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
  4. ^ "18-8-18 start planned for 18th Asian Games". Olympic Council of Asia. 27 January 2015. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  5. ^ Ade Irma Junida (2 October 2014). "GBK akan direnovasi demi Asian Games 2018" (in Indonesian). Antara. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
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  10. ^ Tam, Aaron (9 November 2012). "Hanoi wins race to host 2019 Asian Games: officials". AFP. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
  11. ^ "Hanoi wins race to host 2019 Asian Games". The Star. 8 November 2012. Archived from the original on 7 November 2015. Retrieved 8 November 2012.
  12. ^ "Vietnam lawmakers concerned by mounting cost of Asian Games". Thanh Nien News. 26 March 2014. Archived from the original on 26 March 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  13. ^ "Vietnam PM could pull plug on Asian Games". Thanh Nien News. 7 April 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2014.[dead link]
  14. ^ "Vietnam backs out as hosts of 2019 Asian Games". Reuters. 17 April 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
  15. ^ Tre, Tuoi (17 April 2014). "Vietnamese hail PM's decision to relinquish 2019 Asiad". Tuoi Tre. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
  16. ^ "Asian Games: No penalty for Vietnam pullout, says OCA". Channel NewsAsia. 24 April 2014. Archived from the original on 24 April 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
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  19. ^ "Indonesia 'proud' to host 2019 Asiad if selected". The Times of India. 19 April 2014. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
  20. ^ Alinea, Eddie (31 August 2014). "POC bids to host next Asian Games". Manila Standard Today. Archived from the original on 5 November 2014. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
  21. ^ Ganguly, Sudipto (7 July 2014). "India drops plans for late 2019 Asian Games bid". Reuters India. Archived from the original on 12 November 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
  22. ^ "Kesiapan Indonesia Sebagai Calon Tuan Rumah AG 2019 Mulai Dievaluasi". Pikiran Rakyat. 5 May 2014. Archived from the original on 16 February 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
  23. ^ Tjahjo Sasongko (28 July 2014). "Setelah 1962, Jakarta Kembali Tuan Rumah Asian Games" (in Indonesian). Kompas.com. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
  24. ^ "Indonesia to host 18th Asian Games in 2018". Olympic Council of Asia. 20 September 2014. Archived from the original on 21 September 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
  25. ^ Butler, Nick (4 October 2014). "Asian Games: The Closing Ceremony". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
  26. ^ Putri Utami (20 March 2014). "Menpora Janji Arena Asian Games 2018 Siap Tahun Ini" (in Indonesian). Okezone. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
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Preceded by Asian Games
Jakarta and Palembang
XVIII Asian Games (2018) 		Succeeded by
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