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Toronto subway rolling stock

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The Toronto subway system's rolling stock consists of 880 subway cars for Line 1 Yonge–University, Line 2 Bloor–Danforth, and Line 4 Sheppard. The rolling stock is owned and maintained by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC).

H-5 and T-1 trains parked at the Davisville Subway Yard

Subway trains

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Identifier Quantity Year(s) built Builder & model Class Date retired Notes
5000–5099 100 1953–1954 GRC&W G-1 October 6, 1990 5080–5081 experimentally retrofitted with fluorescent lighting. 5068–5069 converted to service cars RT-36 & RT-37 (grinding train power units) in February 1991; 5066–5067 & 5074–5075 had been held for future conversion to service cars; 5098–5099 preserved by the Ontario Electric Railway Historical Association.
5100–5105 6 1954–1955 GRC&W G-2 October 6, 1990 Experimental aluminum train
5200–5227 28 1956 GRC&W G-3 October 6, 1990 Non-driving motor cars permanently coupled with mating G-1 cars (50xx-52yy-52xx-50yy)
5110–5115 6 1958–1959 GRC&W G-4 October 6, 1990 Experimental cars built as an integral train (5110-5111-5112-5113-5114-5115); electro-dynamic braking equipment and motors removed April 1966 through March 1967 (for installation in service cars), and remarshalled as: 5110–5115, 5030-5111-5114-5031.
5300–5335 36 1962–1963 MLW M-1 May 1, 1999 5300–5301 preserved by the OERHA
5336–5499 164 1965–1966 HSC RTC-75 H-1 November 29, 1999 5374–5375 rebuilt to service cars RT-9 & RT-10; 5388–5391 scrapped due to Christie station fire in October 1976; 5391 rebuilt to service car RT-23 in March 1984.
5500–5575 76 1971 HSC RTC-75 H-2 September 28, 2001 5500–5505 equipped with experimental Hitachi chopper controls and regenerative braking and reclassed as H-3 in 1973; converted back to H-2 between September 1984 and April 1985.
5576–5663 88 1974–1975 HSC RTC-75 H-4 January 27, 2012 Last subway cars outfitted with vinyl orange upholstered seats, also the last without air conditioning. They also had an interior design similar to the H-2 cars, with reduced seating in a 2+2 configuration (instead of 2+3) to allow for more standees. Some H-4 subway cars were retired from revenue service between 2000–2002 by the delivery of T-1 class cars. By January 27, 2012, all H-4 cars were retired from revenue service.[1]
5670–5807 138 1976–1979 HSC RTC-75 H-5 June 14, 2013 5755 retired in June 1984 and scrapped November 1985 due to accident in December 1981; 5754 modified in November 1985 for use as A or B unit to substitute for cars out of service for maintenance (can also operate as a single unit for testing); 5796 modified by UTDC in July–December 1990 to become T-1 prototype, which was retired and scrapped in September 2012; first subway cars outfitted with air-conditioning systems, all H-5 trains were retired from service by June 14, 2013, some of which were taken to Buffalo, New York for refurbishment, before being sold to the Lagos Rail Mass Transit, but scrapped by August 2015.
5810–5935 126 1986–1989 UTDC RTC-75 H-6 June 20, 2014 Accessible seating areas were added near the operator's cab and the first set of doors in each car during technological upgrades (like the T-1s) between 2005 and 2008. All H-6 trains were retired from service by June 20, 2014.
5000–5371 372 1995–2001[2] BT RTC-75 T-1 Active First cars with AC propulsion, cars 5344–5345 converted to Toronto Rocket T35A08 mock-up cars in June–July 2006. Electronic side destination signs, including automated audible pre-boarding route and destination announcements and closed-circuit television cameras have since been installed on all T1 trains.
5381–5386
⋮
6131–6136
6141/2/5/6
⋮
6191/2/5/6[2]		 480[3] 2009–2015[2] BT T35A08 Toronto Rocket Active 76 six-car permanently coupled trains with open gangways being delivered. First train delivered on October 1, 2010. Sets are numbered 5xx1-5xx2-5xx3-5xx4-5xx5-5xx6. In February 2013, set 5461–5466 was retrofitted with additional plastic yellow handholds, and external door chimes, displacing the exterior blue lights on the car. Similarly, another set, 5851–5856 was also modified with the same features as with set 5461–5466 in May 2014. External door chimes, electronic side destination signs, including automated audible pre-boarding route and destination announcements, have since been installed on all TR trains. First subway cars to adopt numbering in the 6000s. Set 5471–5476 was temporarily converted to a four-car train for testing purposes on Line 4 Sheppard, which was converted to full Toronto Rocket operation. After the testing phase, six additional four-car trains were received for use on Line 4, which reduced the original 80 six-car trainset order to 76 six-car trainsets. Unlike the six-car trains, the four-car trains feature two pairs of A (cab) and B (non-cab) cars, numbered 61x1-61x2-61x5-61x6. All six four-car TR Trains are in service on Line 4 and all seventy-six six-car TR Trains are in service on Line 1.
Builders
BT Bombardier Transportation
GRC&W Gloucester Railway Carriage & Wagon Co.
HSC Hawker-Siddeley Canada
MLW Montreal Locomotive Works
UTDC Urban Transportation Development Corp.

All active TTC subway cars are equipped with flip-up seats located in each car (near the operator's cab), which can accommodate mobility devices such as wheelchairs, strollers, scooters, and bicycles. The new Toronto Rocket trains have two designated areas in each car with automatic flip-up seats, and high-level platforms allow access to all cars.

Toronto Rocket

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The front of the Toronto Rocket, Toronto's newest subway train, viewed from the side
Main article: Toronto Rocket

The Toronto Rocket (TR) is the newest version of TTC subway trains, which is operated on Lines 1 and 4.[4] Its design differs from its predecessors, which were formed by coupling sets of married pairs of identical cars. The trains consist of six cars for Line 1 and four cars for Line 4, both of which are connected with open gangways, similar to Bombardier's Movia family of metro trains. They only have two full-width operator cabs per trainset (as opposed to one on the right-hand corner of every subway car on the older versions), greater accessibility options and the skin of the train is welded rather than the previously used riveting method. The TRs' exterior front and rear destination and train run number signs are outfitted with digital orange LED boards, while all previous TTC train models use back-lit roller signs.

The first of the new TR trains was scheduled to be delivered in late 2009, but in early 2010, TTC officials stated that the new trains would not enter service until late 2010.[5][6] The first train arrived on TTC property in October 2010, and entered revenue service on July 21, 2011.[7]

Next-generation cars

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By 2022, the TTC had decided that the next-generation of subway cars would have a design different from the T1 and TR fleets. Like the TR fleet, riders would be able to walk the full length of the interior of the new trains. Like the T1 trains and unlike the TR fleet, the new trains would consist of three coupled pairs. Only the two end cars of the new trains would have cabs; cab-less cars would have hostler controls to allow the independent movement of cab-less pairs within work shop areas.[8][9]

In April 2024, a TTC staff report recommended ordering 80 new trains, 55 to replace the T1 fleet on Line 2 and 25 for Line 1. The estimated cost of the new trains was at $3.23 billion with the earliest delivery being in 2030, four years after the lifespan of the T1 fleet.[10]

In July 2024, TTC CEO Rick Leary reported that the TTC would launch procurement for 70 new trains, pending funding from the federal government. The initial procurement would consist of:[11]

The contract would also include options for an additional 42 trains:[11]

  • 25 trains for growth on Line 1 to accommodate ridership growth
  • 17 trains for "service maturity" on Lines 1 2

Line 3 Scarborough trains

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All units retired on July 24, 2023 (at the time of closure, four months ahead of schedule due to a derailment).[12]

Numbers Year(s) built Builder & model Notes[13]
3000–23, 3024–27 1982–1983, 1986 UTDC ICTS Mark I 3014 was displayed at the 1983 Canadian National Exhibition. All units have been refurbished. Refurbished cars include, since 2015, electronic side destination signs, including automated exterior audible pre-boarding route and destination announcements, along with closed-circuit television cameras and a new vinyl wrap.
ST-1 1984 Niigata Transys Centre-cab diesel locomotive
ST-2 1984 (likely) Arva Industries Non-motored rail maintenance car with Wajax hydraulic crane
ST-3 1984 Niigata Transys Non-motored rail grinding truck
ST-4 1986 Schmidt & TTC Snow-blower installed on a non-powered PCC truck
ST-5 1987 TTC Non-motored power rail cleaner and de-icer
ST-6 1987 General Crane and Hoist Non-motored rail grinding truck
ST-7 2002 Mercedes-Benz Unimog U 5000 short cab Equipped with crane and Arva Industries snowblower
E291 New Holland TC 18 Tractor used to push cars where there is no traction power
  • A Line 3 train in its typical four-car configuration in its original 1985–2015 livery 
    A Line 3 train in its typical four-car configuration in its original 1985–2015 livery
  • An interior view of a Line 3 train 
    An interior view of a Line 3 train

Work vehicles

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Work vehicles are used for infrastructure maintenance within the subway. Most work vehicles are painted yellow, with the exception of retired passenger cars, which retain their grey exterior with added yellow accents.

Number Description Built Builder Withdrawn Notes
RT-1 Rail maintenance car 1909/1918/1928/ 1936/1954 Toronto Railway Company /  TRC / Toronto Transportation Commission /  TT'nC / TTC Active Built as a compressor car; destroyed in King Barn fire 1916 then rebuilt; refitted as express motor in 1928; converted to snowplow TP-2 in 1936; rebuilt for subway in 1954[14]
RT-2 (1st) Flat car 1926/1953 Toronto Transportation Commission /  TTC ? Former supply car RS-3
RT-2 (2nd) Flat car 1997 Arva Industries Active
RT-3 Overhead maintenance car 1922/1953/1968 Differential Steel Car / TTC / TTC Active Former ballast/dump car W-18; modified for subway use 1953; converted to wall washer 1968
RT-4 (1st) Garbage car 1921/1954 CC&F/TTC 1970s Former Peter Witt 2528
RT-4 (2nd) Track re-insulation car 1997 Arva Industries 2013
RT-5 (1st) Rail grinder 1915/1932/1953 Preston Car Company / Toronto Transportation Commission / TTC 1971 Former Toronto Civic Railways 53; renumbered 2206 in 1923; converted to snow scraper in 1932; converted for subway in 1953
RT-5 (2nd) Tunnel leak repair (grout) car 1997 Arva Industries Active
RT-6 (1st) Ballast/dump car 1922/1954 Differential Steel Car / TTC Former Toronto and York Radial Railway dump trailer 850; renumbered W-850 in 1930; converted for subway use in 1954
RT-6 (2nd) Vacuum cleaning car 1997 TTC Active
RT-7 (1st) Rail grinder 1915/1932/1955/ 1953 Preston Car Company / Toronto Transportation Commission /  TT'nC / TTC 1970s Former Toronto Civic Railways 52; renumbered 2204 in 1923; converted to snow scraper in 1932; converted to rail grinder W-27 in 1955; modified for subway in 1953; not equipped with third-rail shoes: pushed/towed by RT-6 (1st)
RT-7 (2nd) Diesel locomotive 1998 Plasser American Active
RT-8 Rail delivery unit 1997 Plasser American Active 13 articulated bogies
RT-9 Works services car 1965–1966/ Hawker Siddeley Canada / TTC 2000 Former H-1 subway car 5350; destroyed by fire 2000-12-08
RT-10 (1st) Garbage car 1968 Nippon Sharyo 2000 Nicknamed Tokyo Rose; used some equipment from burned G-2 subway cars; scrapped and replaced by RT10 (2nd)
RT-10 (2nd) Works Services Car (former garbage car) 1965–1966/2000 Hawker Siddeley Canada / TTC Active Former H-1 subway car 5374; replaced first RT-10
RT-11 (1st) Non-motored flat car 1968 Nippon Sharyo Used trucks from burned G-2 subway cars
RT-11 (2nd) Gauge test car 1977? TTC Duncan Shops Stored? Consists of three sections based on the profile of G-cars connected by long metal frame and two bogies; used along the Spadina line; located at Greenwood Yard c. 2007
RT-11 (3rd) Non-motored car 2000 Arva Industries Active
RT-12 (1st) Battery-electric locomotive 1968 Nippon Sharyo 2009[15] Used some equipment from burned G-2 subway cars
RT-12 (2nd) Electric locomotive 2009 Arva Industries Active
RT-13 Centre cab crane car 1968 Nippon Sharyo Active Used some equipment from burned G-2 subway cars
RT-14 (1st) Rail grinder 1949/197x CC&F/TTC 1991 Former PCC streetcar 4410; permanently coupled to RT-15; replaced by RT-36 (1st)
RT-14 (2nd) Rail grinder Tunnel washing car 1954–1955/1991 Gloucester/TTC 2007 Former G-2 subway car; converted from RT-36 (1st); permanently coupled to RT-15
RT-14 (3rd) Mk III snow clearing unit Arva Industries Active
RT-15 (1st) Rail grinder 1949/197x CC&F/TTC 1991 Former PCC streetcar 4446; permanently coupled to RT-14; replaced by RT-37 (1st)
RT-15 (2nd) Tunnel washing car 1954–1955/1991 Gloucester/TTC 2007 Former G-2 subway car; converted from RT-37 (1st); permanently coupled to RT-14
RT-15 (3rd) Mk III snow clearing unit Arva Industries Active
RT-16 Tunnel washer 1996 Arva Industries Active Nicknamed The Clean Machine; used with RT-17
RT-17 Tunnel washer Arva Industries Active Nicknamed Krystal Klean; used with RT-16
RT-18 Diesel locomotive 1977 Anabel Corporation of Houston, Texas Active
RT-19 Diesel flat car 1980 Niigata Transys Company Active
RT-20 Diesel crane car 1980 Niigata Transys Company Active Crane by Arva Industries
RT-21 Non-motored flat car 1980 Niigata Transys Company Active
RT-22 Non-motored flat car 1973 Nippon Sharyo Active Formerly RT-17 wash car and rebuilt 1996 as flat car
RT-23 Asbestos abatement car 1965–1966/1984 Hawker Siddeley Canada / TTC Active Former H-1 subway car 5391; non-motored
RT-26 Gauge car 1980 TTC Active
RT-27 Beam transporter/crane 1986 TTC Active Non-motored trucks reused from a 1953–1954 G series Gloucester car
RT-28 Flat car with crane 2000 Arva Industries Active
RT-29 Flat car 2001 Arva Industries Active
RT-30 Non-motored grinding truck 1988 Ecolaire 2008
RT-31 Non-motored grinding truck 1988 Ecolaire 2004
RT-32 Non-motored grinding truck 1988 Ecolaire 2004
RT-33 Non-motored grinding truck 1988 Ecolaire 2008
RT-34 Grinding train control car 1954–1955/1988 Gloucester/TTC 2003 Former G-2 subway car 5102; permanently coupled to RT-35; damaged in accident and stored; scrapped 2007
RT-35 Grinding train control car 1954–1955/1988 Gloucester/TTC 2007 Former G-2 subway car 5103; permanently coupled to RT-34
RT-36 (1st) Tunnel washing car 1954–1955/1988 Gloucester/TTC 1991 Former G-2 subway car; converted to RT-14 (2nd); permanently coupled to RT-37
RT-36 (2nd) Grinding train control car 1953–1954/1991 TTC 2007 Former G-1 subway car 5068; permanently coupled to RT-37
RT-37 (1st) Tunnel washing car 1954–1955/1988 Gloucester/TTC 1991 Former G-2 subway car; converted to RT-15 (2nd); permanently coupled to RT-36
RT-37 (2nd) Grinding train control car 1953–1954/1991 TTC 2007 Former G-1 subway car 5069; permanently coupled to RT-36
RT-38 (1st) Garbage cars 1954–1955/1988 Gloucester/TTC 1998 Former G-2 subway car 5100; permanently coupled to RT-39
RT-38 (2nd) Former garbage car unit 1965–1966/1997 Hawker Siddeley Canada / TTC Active Former H-1 subway car 5422
RT-39 (1st) Garbage car 1954–1955/1988 Gloucester/TTC 1998 Former G-2 subway car 5105; permanently coupled to RT-38
RT-39 (2nd) Garbage car 1964–1965/1997 Hawker Siddeley Canada / TTC 1997 Former H-1 subway car 5423
RT-39 (3rd) Flat car 2011 Arva Industries Active
RT-40 Non-motored ballast spreader 1989 Dynex Active
RT-41 Diesel tie tamper 1993 Plasser American Active
RT-42 Scaffold car 1999 Arva Industries Active
RT-43 Asbestos abatement crew car 1965–1966/2000 Hawker Siddeley Canada / TTC Active Former H-1 subway car 5459
RT-44 Asbestos abatement crew car 1965–1966/2000 Hawker Siddeley Canada / TTC Active Former H-1 subway car 5458
RT-45 Asbestos abatement garbage car 1965–1966/2000 Hawker Siddeley Canada / TTC Active Former H-1 subway car 5337
RT-46 Asbestos abatement garbage car 1965–1966/2000 Hawker Siddeley Canada / TTC Active Former H-1 subway car 5336
RT-47 Flat car 1999 Arva Industries Active
RT-48 Motored snow blower 2001 Arva Industries Active
RT-49 Motored snow blower 2001 Arva Industries Active
RT-50 Non-motored push snow thrower 1999 Arva Industries Active
RT-51 Non-motored push snow thrower 1999 Arva Industries Active
RT-52 Non-motored push snow thrower 1999 Arva Industries Active
RT-53 Non-motored push snow thrower 1999 Arva Industries Active
RT-54 Flat car 1973 Nippon Sharyo Active Replaced RT-16 / RT-17
RT-55 Flat car with crane 2000 Arva Industries Active
RT-56 Vacuum rodder car 2004–2005 Arva Industries Active
RT-57 (1st) Works service car 1974–1975/ Hawker Siddeley Canada / TTC 1999–2000 Former H-4 subway car 5634; replaced by RT-57 (2nd)
RT-57 (2nd) General purpose flat car 1999–2000 Arva Industries Active
RT-58 Works service car 1974–1975/200? Hawker Siddeley Canada / TTC Active Former H-4 subway car 5635
RT-60 Works service car 1974–1975/200? Hawker Siddeley Canada / TTC Active Former H-4 subway car 5594
RT-61 Works service car 1974–1975/200? Hawker Siddeley Canada / TTC Active Former H-4 subway car 5595
RT-62 Works service car 1974–1975/200? Hawker Siddeley Canada / TTC Active Former H-4 subway car 5616
RT-63 Works service car 1974–1975/200? Hawker Siddeley Canada / TTC Active Former H-4 subway car 5617
RT-64 Works service car 1974–1975/200? Hawker Siddeley Canada / TTC Active Former H-4 subway car 5594
RT-65 Works service car 1974–1975/200? Hawker Siddeley Canada / TTC Active Former H-4 subway car 5595
RT-66 Works service car 1964–1965/200? Hawker Siddeley Canada / TTC Active Former H-1 subway car 5386
RT-67 Works service car 1964–1965/200? Hawker Siddeley Canada / TTC Active Former H-1 subway car 5387
RT-68 Fibre optics testing car 1964–1965/200? Hawker Siddeley Canada / TTC Active Former H-1 subway car 5408
RT-69 Fibre optics testing car 1964–1965/200? Hawker Siddeley Canada / TTC Active Former H-1 subway car 5409
RT-70 Flat car 2005 Arva Industries Active
RT-71 Tri-Mode locomotive[16] 2006 Arva Industries Active
Y-2 Shunter 1922/1954 Toronto Transportation Commission /  TTC 1955 Former surface carhouse shunter Y-2; modified for subway use 1954
LPC-5 Rail grinding train 2000s LORAM Maintenance of Way, Inc. Active 3-unit L-series grinder; on lease
— 75-foot gauge-test car[17] 1964 TTC 1965 Nicknamed Duncan's Dragon; built of wood
Sources[18][13][19][20]
  • Note that RT35 and RT36 are mixed-matched (2004).

Track gauge

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The TTC uses two different track gauges:

  • 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge – Line 3 Scarborough
  • 4 ft 10+7⁄8 in (1,495 mm) Toronto gauge – subway and streetcar

References

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  1. ^ Long-running subway car takes final journey Toronto Star, published January 27, 2012.
  2. ^ a b c Toronto Transit Commission (March 6, 2015). "TTC Service Summary – March 29,2015 to May 9, 2015" (PDF). Retrieved March 22, 2015.
  3. ^ "Procurement Authorization Amendment to Purchase 10 Additional Toronto Rocket Train Sets – Purchase Order No. C31PD05761" (PDF). Toronto Transit Commission. March 26, 2015. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
  4. ^ globeandmail.com: Technology Archived February 2, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ (as of December 2008) http://www3.ttc.ca/PDF/About_the_TTC/yonge_subway_extension_recommended_concept_project_issues_de.pdf
  6. ^ (media article on other topic suggests trains will not enter service until 2010, as of Dec 18 there are no TR trains in TTC's possession) "TTC offers free rides on New Year's Eve – 680News". Archived from the original on December 19, 2009. Retrieved December 18, 2009.
  7. ^ So what happened to those TTC improvements? Toronto Star
  8. ^ Munro, Steve (October 20, 2022). "TTC Issues RFP For New Subway Trains". Steve Munro. Archived from the original on October 22, 2022.
  9. ^ Gamrot, Sabrina (October 21, 2022). "The TTC is looking to add hundreds of brand new red subway cars". blogTO. Retrieved January 8, 2023.
  10. ^ "Mayor says new federal funding will help Toronto's cash crunch". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. April 17, 2024. Archived from the original on April 17, 2024.
  11. ^ a b "CEO's Report – July 2024" (PDF). Toronto Transit Commission. July 17, 2024. p. 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 13, 2024.
  12. ^ "TTC, City improving Line 3 Scarborough bus shuttle routes as train service set to permanently end". August 24, 2023.
  13. ^ a b Equipment Engineering, "Vehicle List No. 2", Toronto Transit Commission, June 30, 1991.
  14. ^ Pursley, Louis H. (1958). Street Railways of Toronto, 1861–1921. Los Angeles: Electric Railway Publications. p. 105.
  15. ^ "A Rogue's Gallery: The TTC's Subway Work Car Fleet – Transit Toronto – Content".
  16. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 7, 2011. Retrieved November 16, 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  17. ^ Coupler – March history – Remembering the fabled Duncan's Dragon
  18. ^ Maintenance Engineering, "Subway Workcars", Toronto Transit Commission, December 3, 1997.
  19. ^ R.F. Corley, "Drawing C-3226M", Toronto Transit Commission, July 1, 1976.
  20. ^ Bromley, John F.; May, Jack (1978) [1973]. Fifty Years of Progressive Transit: A History of the Toronto Transit Commission (2 ed.). New York: Electric Railroaders' Association. p. 163-167. LCCN 73-84892.
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