Le temple de la Gloire (The Temple of Glory) is an opéra-ballet by Jean-Philippe Rameau with a libretto by Voltaire. The work was first performed in a five-act version on 27 November 1745 at the Grande Écurie, Versailles to celebrate the French victory at the Battle of Fontenoy. It transferred, unsuccessfully, to the Paris Opéra on 7 December 1745. A revised version, in a prologue and three acts, appeared at the Opéra on 19 April 1746.
Roles: 1745 version
edit| Role | Voice type | Premiere Cast |
|---|---|---|
| Act 1 | ||
| L'Envie (Envy) | basse-taille (bass-baritone) (travesti role) | François Le Page |
| Apollon (Apollo) | haute-contre | Pierre Jélyotte |
| Une muse (A Muse) | soprano | Mlle Rotisset de Romainville |
| Chorus: Demons accompanying Envy; Muses and heroes accompanying Apollo | ||
| Dancers: Eight demons, seven heroes and the nine Muses | ||
| Act 2 | ||
| Bélus | basse-taille | Claude-Louis-Dominique Chassé de Chinais |
| Lidie | soprano | Marie-Jeanne Fesch, known as Mlle Chevalier |
| Arsine | soprano | Mlle Jacquet |
| Une bergère (A shepherdess) | soprano | Mlle Bourbonnois the elder |
| Un berger (A shepherd) | basse-taille | M Albert |
| Un autre berger (Another shepherd) | haute-contre | Jean-Paul Spesoller called La Tour |
| Apollon (Apollo) | haute-contre | Pierre Jélyotte |
| Les neuf Muses (The nine Muses) | Mlles Romainville, Canavasse, Jacquet, Delastre; Monsieurs Le Begue, Duguet[1] | |
| Chorus: Shepherds and shepherdesses; captive kings accompanying Bélus | ||
| Dancers: Shepherds and shepherdesses | ||
| Act 3 | ||
| Bacchus | haute-contre | François Poirier |
| Érigone | soprano | Marie Fel |
| Grand prêtre de la Gloire (High Priest of Glory) | basse-taille | François Le Page |
| Une prêtresse (a priestess) | soprano | Mlle de Metz |
| Un guerrier (a warrior) | basse-taille | M Benoist |
| Une bacchante | soprano | Marie-Angélique Coupé or Coupée |
| Chorus: Priests and priestesses of Glory; warriors, aegipans, bacchantes, and satyrs accompanying Bacchus | ||
| Dancers: First divertissement: five priestesses of Glory, four heroes; Second divertissement: nine bacchantes, six aegypans, eight satyrs | ||
| Act 4 | ||
| Trajan | haute-contre | Pierre Jélyotte |
| Plautine | soprano | Marie-Jeanne Fesch, known as Mlle Chevalier |
| Junie | soprano | Mlle Romainville |
| Fanie | soprano | Mlle Canavasse |
| Vanquished kings accompanying Trajan [2] | hautes-contre, taille (baritenor), two basses-tailles | François Poirier, La Tour, Le Fevre, Gallard, Albert, Person |
| Chorus: Priests of Mars and priestesses of Venus; Roman men and women; followers of Glory | ||
| Dancers: First divertissement: four priests and five priestesses of Mars; Second divertissement: followers of Glory, five men and four women | ||
| Act 5 | ||
| Une Romaine (A Roman woman) | soprano | Mlle Bourbonnois the elder |
| Un Romain (A Roman man) | basse-taille | M Benoist |
| Une bergère (A shepherdess) | soprano | Marie-Angélique Coupé or Coupée |
| NB: All characters from Act 4 appear in Act 5 | ||
| Chorus: Shepherds and shepherdesses; young Roman men and women | ||
| Dancers: Romans of different estates: First quadrille: three men and two women; Second quadrille: three men and two women; Third quadrille: three women and two men; Fourth quadrille: three women and two men. | ||
Synopsis: 1746 version
editPrologue
editScene: The Cave of Envy with the Temple of Glory in the background
Envy and her followers plot to destroy the Temple of Glory but their attack is thwarted by Apollo, the Muses, the demi-gods and heroes. Apollo condemns Envy to be chained eternally to the foot of the temple. The prologue ends with a celebration of peace and the arts.
Act 1: Bélus
editScene: The grove of the Muses with the Temple of Glory in the background
King Bélus has deserted his love, the princess Lydie, in a quest for glory through brutal military conquest. Lydie seeks consolation with the Muses and the local shepherds and shepherdesses try to comfort her with their dances. Bélus and his warriors arrive. The gods have rejected his claim to enter the Temple of Glory because of his tyranny. Lydie and the shepherds persuade him that a true king should spread happiness among his people rather than wage war.
Act 2: Bacchus
editScene: Outside the Temple of Glory
Bacchus's followers celebrate his conquest of Asia. Bacchus boasts of his invention of wine to his lover Érigone. As he approaches the Temple of Glory the High Priest forbids him to enter: he may have won fame by spreading drunken debauchery but only deeds of virtue bring lasting glory. Undiscouraged, Bacchus and his followers set off on their travels again.
Act 3: Trajan
editScene: The city of Artaxata, partly in ruins. Triumphal arches.
The Emperor Trajan's wife Plautine has followed him to Armenia where he is fighting to crush a rebellion by five kings. Plautine persuades the priests of Mars and the priestesses of Venus to pray for Trajan's success in battle. Trajan returns victorious with the conquered kings in chains, but he magnanimously forgives them and has them freed. Glory descends from the skies to offer Trajan a laurel wreath and the scene changes to her temple. Trajan says he is not worthy of such a great honour and asks for the gods to transform it into the Temple of Happiness for all the world instead.
Recordings
editAudio
edit- Le temple de la Gloire (1745 version), Philharmonia Baroque Orchestra & Chorale, conducted by Nicholas McGegan (2 CDs, PBP, 2018)
- Le temple de la Gloire (1746 version), Choeur de Chambre de Namur, Les Agrémens, conducted by Guy Van Waas (2 CDs, Ricercar, 2015)
- Le temple de la Gloire (1746 version), La Grande Écurie et la Chambre du Roy, conducted by Jean-Claude Malgoire (2 LPs, CBS, 1982)
References
edit- ^ Only six singers are listed in the libretto.
- ^ The original libretto states six names for the roles of the vanquished kings, three of whom, Poirier, Latour and Lefevre, were hautes-contre (p. 32). The period score cited below, on the contrary, lists but five parts for the kings and only two of them are notated in the alto clef which was used for hautes-contre, the third is notated in the tenor clef and the two left in the bass clef, which was usual for basses-tailles (p. 168).
Sources
edit- Original libretto : Le Temple de la Gloire, Feste donnée à Versailles, le 27 Novembre 1745, Paris, Ballard, 1745 (accessible for free online at Gallica - B.N.F.)
- Period manuscript score: Le Temple de la Gloire, Opéra de M De Voltaire; mis en musique par M Rameau (...), kept at and digitized by the Bibliothèque nationale de France (accessible for free online at Gallica - B.N.F.)
- Girdlestone, Cuthbert, Jean-Philippe Rameau: His Life and Work Dover paperback edition, 1969
- Holden, Amanda (Ed.), The New Penguin Opera Guide, New York: Penguin Putnam, 2001. ISBN 0-14-029312-4
- Sadler, Graham, The New Grove French Baroque Masters Grove/Macmillan, 1988
- Rameau Le Site