γ-Glutamylmethylamide (gamma-glutamylmethylamide, abbrev. GMA, synonyms N-methyl-L-glutamine, metheanine) is an amino acid analog of the proteinogenic amino acids L-glutamic acid and L-glutamine, found primarily in plant and fungal species; simply speaking, it is L-glutamine methylated on the amide nitrogen.[citation needed] It is an identified important biosynthetic intermediate allowing bacteria (e.g., methanotrophs) use of methylated amines as carbon and nitrogen source for growth (and so of significant biotechnological interest).[1][2][3][non-primary source needed] Like its close relative theanine, it is a pharmacologically active constituent of green tea, with preliminary evidence for at least comparable activity to theanine as a hypotensive.[4][non-primary source needed]
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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
N-Methyl-L-glutamine
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| Systematic IUPAC name
(2S)-2-Amino-5-(methylamino)-5-oxopentanoic acid | |
| Other names
Metheanine
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| Properties | |
| C6H12N2O3 | |
| Molar mass | 160.17 g/mol |
| Density | 1.211 g/mL |
| Boiling point | 427.5 °C (801.5 °F; 700.6 K) |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Chen, Y; Scanlan, J; Song, L; Crombie, A; Rahman, MT; Schäfer, H; Murrell, JC (2010). "γ-Glutamylmethylamide is an essential intermediate in the metabolism of methylamine by Methylocella silvestris". Appl Environ Microbiol. 76 (13): 4530–4537. Bibcode:2010ApEnM..76.4530C. doi:10.1128/AEM.00739-10. PMC 2897447. PMID 20472738.
- ^ Wischer, D; Kumaresan, D; Johnston, A; El Khawand, M; Stephenson, J; Hillebrand-Voiculescu, AM; Chen, Y; Colin Murrell, J (2014). "Bacterial metabolism of methylated amines and identification of novel methylotrophs in Movile Cave". ISME J. 9 (1): 195–206. doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.102. PMC 4274414. PMID 25050523.
- ^ Xu, L; Gao, G; Wengen, C; Xu, J; Zhao, L; Shi, H; Zhang, X (2014). "Enzymatic synthesis of γ-glutamylmethylamide from glutamic acid γ-methyl ester and methylamine catalyzed by Escherichia coli having γ-glutamyltranspeptidase activity". Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 173 (4): 851–6. doi:10.1007/s12010-014-0877-3. PMID 24733529. S2CID 19699395.
- ^ Yokogoshi H, Kobayashi M. (1998). "Hypotensive effect of gamma-glutamylmethylamide in spontaneously hypertensive rats". Life Sci. 62 (12): 1065–8. doi:10.1016/S0024-3205(98)00029-0. PMID 9519808.
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