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David's Sling

David's Sling (Hebrew: קלע דוד, romanized: Kela David), also formerly known as Magic Wand (Hebrew: שרביט קסמים, romanized: Sharvit Ksamim), is an Israel Defense Forces military system jointly developed by the Israeli defense contractor Rafael Advanced Defense Systems and the American defense contractor Raytheon, that became operational in 2017. It is designed to intercept enemy planes, drones, tactical ballistic missiles, medium to long-range rockets and cruise missiles, fired at ranges from 40 to 300 km (25 to 190 mi).[2] David's Sling is intended to replace the MIM-23 Hawk and MIM-104 Patriot in the Israeli arsenal.[3]

David's Sling missile system
David's Sling weapons system Stunner missile launch during final milestone test
TypeMedium to long range surface-to-air/anti-ballistic missile
Place of originIsrael
United States
Service history
In serviceIsrael Defense Forces (2017–present)
Production history
DesignerRafael Advanced Defense Systems and Raytheon Missiles & Defense
Designed2009–present
ManufacturerRafael and Raytheon
Unit costUS$700,000 [1]
Produced2017–present
Specifications
Detonation
mechanism
Hit-to-kill kinetic warhead
Propellanttwo-stage missile
Operational
range
300 km (190 mi)
Maximum speed Mach 7.5[1]
Guidance
system
AESA millimeter 3D radar + dual electro-optical/(FPA)/imaging infrared (CCD/IIR) seeker + asymmetric 360-degree multi-seeker sensor engagement + 3 way data link with advanced real time automatic and manual retargeting + ECCM & IRCCM
Steering
system
Asymmetric kill vehicle with super maneuverability
David's Sling Stunner missile launch during tests, 2015

The system's Stunner missile is designed to intercept the newest generation of tactical ballistic missiles at low altitude, such as the Russian Iskander and the Chinese DF-15, using on-board dual CCD/IR seekers to distinguish between decoys and the actual warhead of the missile, in addition to tracking by Elta EL/M-2084 Active electronically scanned array multi-mode radar.[4][5][6] The multi-stage interceptor consists of a solid-fuel rocket motor booster, followed by an asymmetrical kill vehicle with advanced steering for super-maneuverability during the kill-stage. A three-pulse motor provides additional acceleration and maneuverability during the terminal phase.[7] David's Sling became operational in April 2017.[8]

David's Sling was meant to bolster the second tier of Israel's theater missile defense system. The name David's Sling comes from the biblical account of David and Goliath.[9] It forms one level of Israel's future multi-tiered missile defense system, which also includes Arrow 2, Arrow 3, Iron Dome, and Iron Beam.

Development

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David's Sling Flight Test video

The interceptor is a two-stage missile, with two targeting and guidance systems installed in its nose-tip, a radar and an electro-optical sensor. In 2006 Rafael was awarded a contract to develop a defense system to counter the threat of medium- to long-range rockets with ranges between 70 and 250 km (43 and 155 mi). In order to enable Israel to make use of the financial aid provided by the United States to further develop the system and to produce it, a partnership was established with Raytheon which developed the missile firing unit and overall logistic system and assisted Rafael with developing the interceptor. In some of Raytheon's publications, the interceptor is referred to as "Stunner". In November 2012, David's Sling was expected to enter operational service in 2013 or 2014.[10] David's Sling stunner missile owes much to the SPYDER programme's modified Python 5 and DERBY seeker technology.[3]

In addition to the David's Sling system, which is designed to intercept medium- and long-range rockets, the Iron Dome system, a separate system with which it will be used in conjunction, designed to intercept short-range rockets (4–70 km), and the Arrow missile, a separate system designed to intercept ballistic missiles, are already in use.

On 25 November 2012, Israel successfully tested the Stunner interceptor missile. The David's Sling battery, stationed at an undisclosed desert location in Southern Israel, fired and destroyed the incoming missile with a two-stage interceptor.[11][better source needed]

In late November 2014, the IDF revealed that the David's Sling system would soon be deployed in various areas around Israel for a trial period before becoming operational. Initial trials would focus on its ability to intercept short and medium-range rockets and missiles at a range three times that of Iron Dome. The system then needed to undergo two further trials, testing its ability to intercept aircraft and longer-range missiles and then cruise missiles. David's Sling links up to the Home Front Command's command and control systems, and also has its own independent interception management center.[12]

In February 2015, Israel asked the US Congress for US$250M in additional assistance in producing David's Sling. US companies involved include Raytheon Co.; Arlington, Virginia-based Orbital ATK Inc.; and Falls Church, Virginia-based Northrop Grumman Corp.[13] Other defense websites reported in 2015 that Israel had requested US$150M in funding for the procurement phase, to include two systems controlling multiple fire units, covering the entire area of Israel.[14] Other sources the same year said development costs for David's Sling were capped to around $250M; the $150M request is for initial procurement of one or two batteries. Since two batteries can cover the whole territory of Israel it is clear that Israeli initial procurement will start with two batteries.[15]

David's Sling was planned to be deployed in 2015, but budget shortfalls for infrastructure for deployable missile batteries delayed its operational date to 2017.[16]

On 21 December 2015, the David's Sling Weapon System (DSWS) demonstrated its ability to destroy salvos of heavy long-range rockets and short-range ballistic missiles, completing the first block of developmental tests. With the testing regimen completed, the system was planned for delivery to the Israeli Air Force in the first quarter of 2016. David's Sling protects areas above the short-range Iron Dome and below the upper-atmospheric Arrow-2, particularly against threats such as Russian 9K720 Iskander tactical ballistic missiles, Syrian Khaibar-1 302 mm rockets, the Iranian Fateh-110 used by Hezbollah, and the Scud-B.[17]

On 2 April 2017, at a ceremony held at Hatzor Airbase attended by Israeli and United States dignitaries, two batteries of the David's Sling Weapon System were officially declared operational, activating the final component of the Israeli multi-tiered anti-missile defense array.[18]

Work was underway in 2009 on an air launched variant.[19]

Operational history

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Reuven Rivlin visits Rafael Advanced Defense Systems. The missiles shown (top to bottom): Iron Dome, Stunner (David's Sling), Derbi, Python 5.

On 23 July 2018, David's Sling was used for the first time in a combat situation. According to Israeli sources, Israeli authorities said they initially feared that two Syrian OTR-21 Tochka short-range ballistic missiles (SRBMs) were headed for Israel. Ultimately the two Syrian SRBMs—fired as part of the country's internal fighting and not deliberately aimed at Israel—did not clear the border and landed one kilometer inside Syria. One of the interceptors was detonated over Israel.[20] In November 2019, Chinese media reports claimed that Syria transferred the other missile to Russia; it had been found intact by Syrian military forces as it did not explode on contact after being fired in July 2018.[21] On 10 May 2023 David's Sling successfully shot down a Badr-3 rocket from the Gaza Strip aimed at Tel-Aviv.[22][23] Two rockets fired from Gaza toward Jerusalem were intercepted, one by the Iron Dome, and the second by David's Sling. It was the second David's Sling interception, after a rocket fired at Tel Aviv was downed by the system on the same day.[24] The system was used to destroy a long-range Ayyash-250 rocket launched by Hamas during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war in Kiryat Ata.[25][26]

David's Sling was used during the October 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel.[27]

Foreign interest

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U.S. Ambassador Dan Shapiro, Brig. Gen. Zvika Haimovich, and Lt. Gen. Timothy Ray (right to left) in front of a Stunner launcher during the Juniper Cobra 2016 exercise.

On 17 November 2010 Rafael's Vice President Mr. Lova Drori confirmed in an interview that the David's Sling system has been offered to the Indian Armed Forces.[28]

In October 2015, it became publicized that all six countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) were interested in procuring the Israeli David's Sling missile defense system as a response to the Iranian missile threat. This comes after U.S. urging for GCC members to more closely cooperate on missile defense through joint procurement and information sharing. Any deal however would occur between Raytheon and other American companies, partly because of their involvement in the development of the system, and partly because of continuing local attitudes towards Israel.[29]

In September 2018, the Swiss armaments procurement agency Armasuisse announced its interest to receive proposals regarding the David's Sling system for the renewal of Switzerland's air defence capacities.[30]

On 5 April 2023, the Finnish Defence Forces selected Rafael's David's Sling rather than Israel Aerospace Industries' Barak-MX for a future high-altitude air-defence system.[31]

SkyCeptor (PAAC-4)

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In July 2013, Raytheon revealed it was working with international partners to develop a new air-defense missile system, based on the AN/MPQ-53 radar from the MIM-104 Patriot, a Kongsberg/Raytheon Fire Direction Center, and the Rafael Stunner surface-to-air missile.[32] According to Lt. Gen. Henry Obering, former director of the U.S. Missile Defense Agency, "We wanted a truly co-managed program because the United States will be very interested in this for our own purposes."[2]

In August 2013, Raytheon and Rafael began to seek funding for a fourth-generation Patriot intercepting system, called the Patriot Advanced Affordable Capability-4 (PAAC-4). The system aims to integrate the Stunner interceptor from the jointly funded David's Sling program with Patriot PAC-3 radars, launchers, and engagement control stations. The two-stage, multimode seeking Stunner would replace single-stage, radar-guided PAC-3 missiles produced by Lockheed Martin. Government and industry sources said that the Stunner-based PAAC-4 interceptors would offer improved operational performance at 20 percent of the $2 million unit cost of the Lockheed-built PAC-3 missiles. The companies are seeking $20 million in U.S. government funding to demonstrate cost and performance claims through a prototype PAAC-4 system. Israeli program officials have said that a previous teaming agreement between Raytheon and Rafael would allow the U.S. company to assume prime contractor status, and produce at least 60 percent of the Stunner missile in the United States. The Missile Defense Agency has said that the U.S. Army is considering use of the Stunner as a potential solution to future U.S. military requirements.[33]

In 2016 Raytheon announced[34] that it had been authorised to bid SkyCeptor, a Stunner derivative, as part of its Patriot bid for the Polish government's medium-range air defence Wisła program. In March 2017 it was announced that the Raytheon bid had been successful, with Poland to acquire Patriot system in the first stage of the program. It was further announced that Poland would acquire only a small number of Patriot PAC-3 MSE missiles, with the majority of missiles deployed with the system being SkyCeptors.[35] Ultimately, Poland did not acquire the SkyCeptor missiles in the second stage of the Wisła program in May 2022,[36] replacing them with the construction of a new layer of short-range air defence under the separate Narew program, which will be integrated with Patriot batteries with an advanced IBCS battle command system. As part of the Narew program, Poland plans to acquire CAMM and CAMM-ER missiles. Polish government concluded an agreement with the British government opening the way for their production in the country which ends the discussion of possible acquisition of SkyCeptors.[37][38]

Electromecanica Ploiești, Romania, will launch a three-year investment program in 2023 to build SkyCeptor missile interceptors with Raytheon. The first missiles are expected in 2026.[39]

Operators

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Current operators

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Future operators

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Potential operators

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "David's Sling (Israel)". Missile Threat - CSIS Missile Defense Project. 13 July 2021. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024.
  2. ^ a b "U.S. Foreign Aid to Israel" (PDF). Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 July 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
  3. ^ a b "Air Defense: Israeli Patriot Replacement". StrategyPage. 13 December 2012. Archived from the original on 15 December 2023.
  4. ^ "Israel scrambles the 8th Iron Dome unit with David's Sling elements". Missile threat. 11 July 2014. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  5. ^ "Israel Missile Chronology" (PDF). Nuclear Threat Initiative. January 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 October 2023.
  6. ^ Wall, Robert (23 June 2008), "New Israeli Anti-Rocket Projects Move Ahead", Aviation Week & Space Technology.
  7. ^ Fulghum, David A. (23 September 2010), "Missile-Killing Interceptors Eyed by Israel, US", Aviation Week's DTI.
  8. ^ Opall-Rome, Barbara (2 April 2017). "Israel marks operational deployment of David's Sling". Defense News. Archived from the original on 22 January 2024.
  9. ^ Bohn, Lauren E. (13 November 2012). "Israel missile defense system". USA today. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 31 January 2020.
  10. ^ "First successful David's Sling interception caught on film". The Times of Israel. 27 November 2012. Archived from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2012.
  11. ^ Heller, Or (25 November 2012). "David's Sling System - First Successful Interception Test". Israel Defense. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
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  13. ^ "Israel said to seek additional $300 million from US for missile defense". The Times of Israel. 28 February 2015. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023.
  14. ^ Eshel, Tamir (1 April 2015). "Following a successful test series David's Sling to become operational this year". Defense-Update. Archived from the original on 28 September 2023.
  15. ^ Eshel, David (15 June 2015). "David's Sling Adds to Israel's Air Defense". Aviation Week. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
  16. ^ Williams, Dan (21 May 2014). "Israel's David's Sling missile shield unlikely to be ready in 2015". Reuters. Archived from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2014.
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  18. ^ Gross, Judah Ari (2 April 2017). "With a storm on the horizon, Israel turns on its latest missile defense system". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
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  21. ^ Benovadia, Dov (6 November 2019). "Report: Russia in Possession of Advanced Israeli Interceptor Missile". Hamodia. Archived from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
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  25. ^ https://krayot.mynet.co.il/article/hkk0gpi11a
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  27. ^ "'David's Sling' and 'Arrow' anti-missile systems: How Israel defeated Iran's attack". ABC News. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
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  31. ^ "New Long-Range Air Defence System for the Finnish Defence Forces". Valtioneuvosto. 5 April 2023. Archived from the original on 8 April 2023.
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  35. ^ Edwards, Jane (3 April 2017). "Poland seeks to finalize 7,5 b contract for 8 Raytheon batteries by November". Executive biz. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023.
  36. ^ "Poland to buy six more Patriot missile batteries says MoD". The First News. 24 May 2022. Archived from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
  37. ^ "Poland Buys Short-Range Anti-Aircraft Missiles". The Defense Post. 26 April 2022. Archived from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
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  39. ^ "Romania to overhaul state defence firms to boost production". eureporter.co. 15 December 2022. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
  40. ^ Lubell, Maayan (10 May 2023). "Israel uses David's Sling interceptor for first time against Gaza rockets". Reuters. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023.
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  42. ^ "Raytheon, Rafael Ready Skyceptor For Australia SAM Bid | Aviation Week Network". aviationweek.com. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
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