Unthanksgiving Day
Unthanksgiving Day (or Un-Thanksgiving Day), also known as The Indigenous Peoples Sunrise Ceremony, is an event held on Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay to honor the indigenous peoples of the Americas and promote their rights.[1] It coincides with the National Day of Mourning held in Massachusetts. The Alcatraz ceremony has been held annually since 1975 to commemorate the protest event of 1969, where the Alcatraz-Red Power Movement (ARPM) occupied the island.[1] It is organized by the International Indian Treaty Council and American Indian Contemporary Arts.[2]
The event is designed to commemorate the survival of Indian tribes following the European colonization of the Americas. Organizers want it to serve in contrast and counter-celebration to the traditional American Thanksgiving in which the Pilgrims shared a meal with the Wampanoag tribe.[3]
Background
[edit]
In 1969, a number of Native American members of the Alcatraz-Red Power Movement group Indians of All Tribes (IAT) occupied the island of Alcatraz, under the terms of the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie that allocated surplus government land to Native Americans. The occupation lasted for 19 months, from November 20, 1969, to June 11, 1971. They were visited by members of the American Indian Movement (AIM) who, inspired by the occupation, led other protests, the first on Thanksgiving in 1970 when they painted Plymouth Rock red.[1] The latter protest continued as the National Day of Mourning. The US government ended the Alcatraz occupation with force. During the occupation, hundreds of Native Americans joined the movement to speak out for their rights. This was part of a heavy period of Indian activism and protest at a time when the civil rights movement in the United States amongst minorities was at a height.[4]
Contemporary observance
[edit]Every year on the date of the United States Thanksgiving holiday in November,[5] several thousand indigenous people and spectators travel to Alcatraz Island. Groups dance before sunrise, to honor their ancestors, while other groups demonstrate other aspects of their cultures and heritage and speak out for the rights of their people.[6][7] The celebration is open to the public.
A similar sunrise ceremony at Alcatraz Island is also held on Indigenous Peoples' Day.[8]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c "Alcatraz is not an island". Public Broadcasting Service. 2002. Retrieved 2009-10-16.
- ^ Cordero, Gabriel (November 25, 2005). "Unthanksgiving on Alcatraz calls forth American Indians". Oakland Tribune. Bay Area News Group. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
- ^ Strickland, Eliza (November 23, 2005). "Feast of the Survivors: At Alcatraz Island's Thanksgiving Day, the native spirit lives on". East Bay Express. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
- ^ Johnson, Troy (September 29, 1995). "Introduction: Alcatraz". Indians of North America: Alcatraz. California State University, Long Beach. Archived from the original on 2009-10-03. Retrieved 2009-10-16.
- ^ Bing, Alison (2007). San Francisco encounter. Lonely Planet. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-74059-855-2.
- ^ Cordero, Gabriel (November 30, 2005). "Happy Unthanksgiving Day: 32nd annual Sunrise Gathering honors American Indian Struggle and Heritage". Golden Gate [X]press. San Francisco State University. Archived from the original on 2009-07-22. Retrieved 2009-10-16.
- ^ Z, Mickey (2005). 50 American Revolutions You're Not Supposed to Know: Reclaiming American Patriotism. The Disinformation Company. p. 105. ISBN 978-1-932857-18-4.
- ^ "History: Indian Occupation". Alcatraz Cruises. Retrieved 26 November 2015.