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Clanga (bird)

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Clanga
Greater spotted eagle (Clanga clanga)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Accipitriformes
Family: Accipitridae
Subfamily: Aquilinae
Genus: Clanga
Adamowicz, 1854
Type species
Falco maculatus J. F. Gmelin, 1788
= Aquila clanga Pallas, 1811

Clanga is a genus which contains the spotted eagles. The genus name is from Ancient Greek klangos, "eagle".[1]

Taxonomy

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The genus Clanga was described in 1854 by the Polish naturalist Adam Ferdynand Adamowicz (1802-1881).[2][3][4] The type species is Falco maculatus J. F. Gmelin, 1788, a synonym of Aquila clanga (the greater spotted eagle) that was described in 1811 by Peter Simon Pallas. Falco maculatus J. F. Gmelin is preoccupied by Falco maculatus Tunstall 1771 but under the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature Falco maculatus is still considered to be the type species.[5][6] The genus name is from Ancient Greek klangos meaning "eagle".[1]

A molecular phylogenetic study of the Accipitridae published in 2024 found that the genus Clanga was sister to the genus Ictinaetus which contains the black eagle.[7]

Species

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The genus contains three species:[8]

Genus Clanga Adamowicz, 1854 – three species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Indian spotted eagle

Clanga hastata
(Lesson, 1834)
Bangladesh, India, Myanmar and Nepal.
Map of range
Size:

Habitat:

Diet:
 VU 


2,500 - 9,999[9] Decrease

Lesser spotted eagle

Clanga pomarina
Brehm, 1831
Central and Eastern Europe and southeastward to Turkey and Armenia, and Africa
Map of range
Size:

Habitat:

Diet:
 LC 


40,000 - 60,000[10] Steady

Greater spotted eagle

Clanga clanga
((Pallas, 1811)
northern Europe eastwards across Eurasia
Map of range
Size:

Habitat:

Diet:
 VU 


3,900 - 10,000[11] Decrease


References

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  1. ^ a b Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 110. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  2. ^ Adamowicz, Adam Ferdynand (1853). "Enumération des travaux littéraires publiés ou en manuscrits de C. Tyzenhauz". Bulletin de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou. 26 (4) (published 1854): 526–529 [529].
  3. ^ Hordowski, Józef; Gregory, Steven M S (2018). "The avian genus-group name Clanga Adamowicz dates from 1854" (PDF). Zoological Bibliography. 4 (6): 127–129.
  4. ^ Gregory, S.M.S.; Dickinson, E.C.; Dickinson, E.C. (2012). "Clanga has priority over Aquiloides (or how to drop a clanger)". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 132 (2): 135–136.
  5. ^ Dickinson, E.C.; Remsen, J.V. Jr., eds. (2013). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Vol. 1: Non-passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-9568611-0-8.
  6. ^ "Chapter 15: Types in the genus group. Art. 67.1.2". International Code Of Zoological Nomenclature (4th ed.). International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 1999.
  7. ^ Catanach, T.A.; Halley, M.R.; Pirro, S. (2024). "Enigmas no longer: using ultraconserved elements to place several unusual hawk taxa and address the non-monophyly of the genus Accipiter (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae)". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society: blae028. doi:10.1093/biolinnean/blae028.
  8. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2024). "Hoatzin, New World vultures, Secretarybird, raptors". IOC World Bird List Version 14.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  9. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Clanga hastata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22729779A95021573. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22729779A95021573.en. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
  10. ^ BirdLife International (2021). "Clanga pomarina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T22696022A203665834. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22696022A203665834.en. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
  11. ^ BirdLife International (2021). "Clanga clanga". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T22696027A203868747. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22696027A203868747.en. Retrieved 27 October 2024.