Mapoon, Queensland

Mapoon Queensland
Mapoon beach
Mapoon
Coordinates	12°01′08″S 141°54′09″E / 12.0190°S 141.9025°E / -12.0190; 141.9025 (Mapoon (town centre))
Population	469 (2021 census)[1]
• Density	0.07129/km2 (0.18464/sq mi)
Postcode(s)	4874
Area	6,578.7 km2 (2,540.1 sq mi)
Time zone	AEST (UTC+10:00)
Location	88.2 km (55 mi) N of Weipa 733 km (455 mi) NW of Cooktown 902 km (560 mi) NW of Cairns 2,556 km (1,588 mi) NW of Brisbane
LGA(s)	Aboriginal Shire of Mapoon Shire of Cook
State electorate(s)	Cook
Federal division(s)	Leichhardt
Localities around Mapoon: Gulf of Carpentaria Injinoo Jardine River Gulf of Carpentaria Mapoon Shelburne Mission River Mission River Wenlock

Mapoon is a coastal town in the Aboriginal Shire of Mapoon and a locality split between the Aboriginal Shire of Mapoon and the Shire of Cook in Queensland, Australia.^[2][3][4] In the 2021 census, the locality of Mapoon had a population of 469 people.^[1]

Teppathiggi (also known Tepithiki and Teyepathiggi) is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Western Cape York Peninsula, Middle Dulcie River, Lower Batavia River, Ducie River, and Mapoon. The language region includes areas within the local government boundaries of Cook Shire Council.^[5]

Uradhi (also known as Anggamudi, Ankamuti, Atampaya, Bawtjathi, and Lotiga) is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Western Cape York Peninsula. The traditional language region includes north of Mapoon and Duyfken Point and east of the coast strip to the north of Port Musgrave (Angkamuthi country) incorporating the mouth of the Ducie River, the lower reaches of the Dulhunty River and the upper reaches of the Skardon River in the north. Following the displacement of Indigenous people by British settlement, it was also spoken in the Northern Peninsula Area Region including the communities of New Mapoon, Injinoo and Cowal Creek.^[6]

In 1891 the Moravian Church established a mission at Mapoon with the aim of providing education and health services to the Aboriginal people. It was their first mission in Cape York Peninsula and they established it at the request of the Presbyterian Church.^[7] By 1907, under the Industrial and Reformatory Schools Act 1865 (Qld) where missions were registered as schools, it was operating as a community for local people.^{[citation needed]}

In the 1950s when bauxite was discovered on the Western Cape area, the Queensland Government passed legislation to help the interested companies Comalco and Alcan with the 'Comalco Act' (Commonwealth Aluminium Corporation Pty Ltd Agreement Act 1957 (Qld)). As a consequence some 8,000 square kilometres (3,100 sq mi) were excised from the mission reserve.^[8] The government, together with Comalco determined to evict the residents off the mission, and they were moved forcibly by the Queensland police from Old Mapoon to New Mapoon on 15 November 1963. The closing of the Mission was explained publicly as a measure to 'rationalise services' for the Cape indigenous people by centralising them in the Bamaga area. In November 1963, people were forced from their homes by armed police.^[9] They were then transported 200 kilometres (120 mi) by ship.^[10] The police raid was ordered and overseen by Patrick Killoran, the then-director of Aboriginal Affairs in Queensland.^[11] Aboriginal residents' houses were burnt to the ground in 1963 by Queensland Police.^[12]

Many residents were unhappy at Bamaga, at one of the nearby communities now known as New Mapoon. Over the following years, many moved back to (Old) Mapoon and eventually the government provided new housing.^{[citation needed]} Mapoon became known as one of the places involved in the fight for Indigenous land rights in the 1970s, and seven families had moved back by 1975. The Black Resource Centre in Melbourne,^[12] led by Cheryl Buchanan, was involved, and she also took Lionel Fogarty to meet the displaced residents.^[13]

Mapoon State School opened on 30 January 1995.^[14] On 1 January 2002, it became the Mapoon campus of Western Cape College.^[14][15]

In 2000, the Mapoon Aboriginal community was formally recognised under Deed of Grant in Trust arrangements. The Mapoon Aboriginal Council administers the community affairs with government support.

In the 2006 census, the locality of Mapoon had a population of 239.^[16]

In the 2011 census, the town of Mapoon recorded a population of 263 and 90% of the town's population was of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent.^[17]

In the 2016 census, the locality of Mapoon had a population of 317 people.^[18]

In the 2021 census, the locality of Mapoon had a population of 469 people.^[1]

Mapoon is on the western side of Cape York Peninsula in Far North Queensland, Australia.^[19]

The town of Mapoon is on a peninsula that extends into the Gulf of Carpentaria with Cullen Point (also known as Tullanaringa Point) at its tip (11°57′23″S 141°54′30″E / 11.9564°S 141.9083°E / -11.9564; 141.9083 (Cullen Point (Tullanaringa Point))),^[20] creating a side bay of the Gulf called Port Musgrave (12°01′00″S 141°57′09″E / 12.0166°S 141.9525°E / -12.0166; 141.9525 (Port Musgrave)), which is probably named after Sir Anthony Musgrave, the Queensland Governor from 1883 to 1888.^[21] Ducie River (12°03′06″S 142°01′14″E / 12.0516°S 142.0206°E / -12.0516; 142.0206 (Ducie River (mouth))) and Wenlock River (12°03′29″S 141°55′42″E / 12.0581°S 141.9283°E / -12.0581; 141.9283 (Wenlock River (mouth))) flow though the locality into Port Musgrave.^[22][23]

Red Beach is a sandy strip facing Port Musgrave adjacent to the south side of the town (12°01′39″S 141°54′42″E / 12.0274°S 141.9116°E / -12.0274; 141.9116 (Red Beach)).^[24] The government-built housing is spread out in bushland along Red Beach Road towards Cullen Point,^[19] rather than being clustered together as in other Western Cape communities. ^{[citation needed]}

Flying Fox Island is a 3.3-hectare (8.2-acre) marine island (11°59′58″S 141°53′38″E / 11.9994°S 141.8940°E / -11.9994; 141.8940 (Flying Fox Island)) in the west of Port Musgrave close to the coastline north of the town.^[25][26]

During the wet season from December to April the town is largely inaccessible except by air and sea.^[27]

There is an airstrip 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of the town (12°03′00″S 141°54′23″E / 12.0499°S 141.9063°E / -12.0499; 141.9063 (airstrip)).^[28]

The Alcan Weipa mining lease covers 1,376.29 square kilometres (500 sq mi) of the locality of Mapoon. It is a bauxite mine.^[19] It includes the Myerfield Strip, an aircraft landing strip (12°27′04″S 141°59′44″E / 12.4512°S 141.9955°E / -12.4512; 141.9955 (Myerfield Strip)). The name Myerfield was proposed by Alcan Pty Ltd, which had built the airstrip.^[29]

Old Mapoon, Queensland, Australia
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     421     33 23     411     33 23     308     33 22     95     33 22     19     31 21     4.2     30 19     2.7     30 18     1.1     31 18     4     32 19     11     34 21     64     35 22     229     35 23 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     17     91 73     16     91 73     12     91 72     3.7     91 71     0.7     89 69     0.2     87 66     0.1     87 65     0     87 65     0.2     90 67     0.4     93 69     2.5     95 71     9     94 73 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches

Mapoon experiences a tropical savanna climate (Köppen: Aw, Trewartha: Awha), with hot conditions year-round. There is a shorter wet season from mid-November to April, and a longer dry season from May to mid-November.

There is a fishing business, providing mudcrabs to southern markets from the Port Musgrave Bay and Dulhunty and Wenlock rivers.^{[citation needed]}

Western Cape College is a primary (Early Childhood-6) school headquartered at Rocky Point, Weipa. Its campus in Mapoon is on Red Beach Road (12°00′58″S 141°54′00″E / 12.0161°S 141.8999°E / -12.0161; 141.8999 (Western Cape College - Mapoon)).^[31][32]

Presently the town has a primary school, nursing station, council office and small shop providing fuel and food. Local people are employed on the Council which as well as providing services for the local community in 2006 won the contract to provide road maintenance for the all-weather 80 kilometres (50 mi) dirt road from the town of Weipa.^{[citation needed]}

In cooperation between the council and the State Library of Queensland, the new Mapoon Indigenous Knowledge Centre (IKC) was opened on Thursday, 18 August 2022, within the new Mapoon Cultural Centre.^[33] The IKC includes computers and a library connection.

Camping facilities near the town are found at Cullen Point and Janie Creek.^[34] The area is known for excellent fishing and crabbing.^{[citation needed]}

An alcohol management plan (AMP) exists in the community, with restrictions on the amount and type of liquor that may be carried on persons or vehicles in the area.^[35] This AMP was formulated and requested by the majority of Elders within the community and passed by law by the Government of Queensland into section 168 of the Liquor Act 1992. It is enforced by the Queensland police based at Weipa.^{[citation needed]}

• Collings, Neva (1997). "The Wik: A History of Their 400 Year Struggle". Indigenous Law Bulletin. 4 (1). Australasian Legal Information Institute.

• "Old Mapoon Aboriginal Corporation".
• "Mapoon Aboriginal Shire Council". Queensland Places. University of Queensland.
• "Mapoon". Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community histories. Queensland Government.
• Mapoon oral histories 1992-2014, State Library of Queensland
• Mapoon: from Ideas Box to IKC, State Library of Queensland blog
• New Mapoon IKC: Making history, State Library of Queensland blog