Iron nitrides
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Iron nitrides are inorganic chemical compounds of iron and nitrogen.
Chemical properties
[edit]Iron has five nitrides observed at ambient conditions, Fe2N, Fe3N4, Fe4N, Fe7N3 and Fe16N2. They are crystalline, metallic solids. Group 7 and group 8 transition metals form nitrides that decompose at relatively low temperatures—iron nitride, Fe2N decomposes with loss of molecular nitrogen at around 400 °C and formation of lower-nitrogen content iron nitrides. They are insoluble in water. At high pressure, stability and formation of new nitrogen-rich nitrides (N/Fe ratio equal or greater to one) were suggested[1] and later discovered. These include the FeN, FeN2 and FeN4 solids which become thermodynamically stable above 17.7 GPa, 72 GPa and 106 GPa, respectively.[2][3][4][5][6]
Health hazards
[edit]When heated to decomposition or exposed to humidity, iron nitride may emit toxic fumes of ammonia. It is considered a moderate explosion hazard. Inhalation of iron nitride dust or powder may cause irritation to the respiratory system and possibly acute iron poisoning or pneumoconiosis.
Research applications
[edit]Colloidal solution of magnetic iron nitride nanoparticles is a way to create ferrofluids.
Iron nitrides also make the strongest naturally magnetic material.[7][8][9]
References
[edit]- ^ Kartsev, Alexey (2015). Thermodynamic Properties of NiAs-FeN Phase from First Principles. Destech Publicat, Inc. pp. 423–427. arXiv:1807.09900. ISBN 978-1-60595-112-6.
- ^ Laniel, Dominique; Dewaele, Agnès; Anzellini, Simone; Guignot, Nicolas (2018-02-05). "Study of the iron nitride FeN into the megabar regime". Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 733: 53–58. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.10.267. ISSN 0925-8388.
- ^ Niwa, Ken; Terabe, Toshiki; Kato, Daiki; Takayama, Shin; Kato, Masahiko; Soda, Kazuo; Hasegawa, Masashi (2017-05-16). "Highly Coordinated Iron and Cobalt Nitrides Synthesized at High Pressures and High Temperatures". Inorganic Chemistry. 56 (11): 6410–6418. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00516. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 28509545.
- ^ Clark, William P.; Steinberg, Simon; Dronskowski, Richard; McCammon, Catherine; Kupenko, Ilya; Bykov, Maxim; Dubrovinsky, Leonid; Akselrud, Lev G.; Schwarz, Ulrich (18 May 2017). "High-Pressure NiAs-Type Modification of FeN". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 56 (25): 7302–7306. doi:10.1002/ANIE.201702440. ISSN 1433-7851. PMC 5488211. PMID 28517174. Wikidata Q36374759.
- ^ Laniel, Dominique; Dewaele, Agnès; Garbarino, Gaston (2018-03-05). "High Pressure and High Temperature Synthesis of the Iron Pernitride FeN2". Inorganic Chemistry. 57 (11): 6245–6251. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b03272. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 29505253.
- ^ Bykov, M.; Bykova, E.; Aprilis, G.; Glazyrin, K.; Koemets, E.; Chuvashova, I.; Kupenko, I.; McCammon, C.; Mezouar, M. (16 July 2018). "Fe-N system at high pressure reveals a compound featuring polymeric nitrogen chains". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 2756. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9.2756B. doi:10.1038/S41467-018-05143-2. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 6048061. PMID 30013071. Wikidata Q55692060.
- ^ "Iron-nitrogen compound forms strongest magnet known".
- ^ Aravindh, S. Assa; Nokelainen, Johannes; Barbiellini, Bernardo; Alatalo, Matti; Murali, D.; Bansil, Arun (2022). "Re-examining the giant magnetization density in α′′-Fe16N2 with the SCAN + U method". Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 24 (29): 17879–84. Bibcode:2022PCCP...2417879D. doi:10.1039/D2CP01734B. PMID 35851914.
- ^ Cui, J.; Kramer, M.; Zhou, L.; Liu, F.; Gabay, A.; Hadjipanayis, G.; Balasubramanian, B.; Sellmyer, D. (2018). "Current progress and future challenges in rare-earth-free permanent magnets". Acta Materialia. 158: 118–137. Bibcode:2018AcMat.158..118C. doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2018.07.049.
§9. Iron nitride (ɑ″-Fe16N2)