Calcutta Chord link line

Calcutta Chord link line (incl. A.C.C. link branch line)
Dankuni railway station, terminal station in Chord Link line
Overview
Status	Operational
Owner	Indian Railway
Locale	West Bengal
Termini	Sealdah Dankuni Junction
Stations	Total stations:15 Interchange stations: 8
Website	Eastern Railway
Service
Type	Commuter rail
System	Kolkata Suburban Railway
Operator(s)	Eastern Railway
Depot(s)	Sealdah
Daily ridership	0.291 Million
History
Opened	1932; 92 years ago (1932)
Technical
Line length	22 km (14 mi)
Number of tracks	2
Character	At grade, elevated
Track gauge	5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge
Electrification	25 kV overhead line
Operating speed	up to 100 km per hour
Route map Legend km km Howrah–Kharagpur line 14 0 Andul 2 Maurigram NH 12 Kona Expressway Howrah– Kharagpur line 11 Bankranayabaz 9 Baltikuri Santragachi–Amta branch line to Furfura Sharif (planned) A.C.C. Link branch line Howrah–Bardhaman chord Dankuni 0 FCI Siding Dankuni Loco Factory NH 16 NH 19 Belghoria Expressway Bhattanagar 6 Rajchandrapur 4 4 Belanagar Bally Halt 6 7 Bally Howrah–Bardhaman main line NH 19 Belghoria Expressway PWD Road 7 Bally Ghat Vivekananda Setu over Hooghly River PWD Road 9 0 Dakshineswar Baranagar jute mill siding Sealdah–Ranaghat line BT Road  KM Line 5 (planned)  10 1 Baranagar Road Sealdah–Ranaghat line Noapara 2 Noapara Metro Depot Kestopur Canal  KM Line 4 (u/c)  Sealdah–Bangaon line 15 4 Dum Dum Junction Patipukur Loop line (dismantled) Jessore Road Belgachia 6 17 Patipukur Chitpur Rail Yard Ultadanga Road 18 Lansdown mill siding Kolkata 19 Brown Blanket mill siding Kolkata Circular Railway Kestopur Canal  KM Line 1  Bidhan Nagar Road 5 Bidhannagar Road Press House siding Kankurgachi Road 2 Kankurgachi Road Junction Narkeldanga EMU Carshed 3 Sir Gurudas Banerjee Halt Circular Canal Kankurgachi Chord line Sealdah North 00 0 Sealdah Main Sealdah  KM Line 2  Sealdah South 00 Beliaghata Diesel Loco Shed 6 Kamardanga Halt Beruck & Comens Siding 3│7 Park Circus Sealdah South lines km km Key Indian Railways broad gauge (1676 mm) Kolkata Metro (KM) broad gauge (1676 mm) Kolkata Metro (KM) standard gauge (1435 mm) in use │ out of use, planned, or under construction (u/c) │ tunnel

The Calcutta Chord link line, also known as the C.C. link line, is a 22 km (14 mi) long branch line of the Kolkata Suburban Railway which comes under the jurisdiction of Eastern Railway's Sealdah Division & Howrah Division.^[1][2]

The line directly connects the Sealdah railway station (erstwhile Calcutta railway station) on the east bank of the Hooghly River with the Howrah–Bardhaman chord line at the Dankuni Junction on the west bank of the Hooghly River via the Vivekananda Setu. The Andul Calcutta Chord link branch line (known as the A.C.C.L. branch line) is a 9 km (5.6 mi) long branch line from Dankuni Junction which connects C.C. link line with the Santragachi–Amta branch line and Andul on the Howrah–Kharagpur line.^[1][2][3]

The C.C link line serves as a vital link for the city of Kolkata to the rest of the country providing a shorter route through the Howrah–Bardhaman chord line rather than the longer route through the Howrah-Bardhaman main line via the Naihati–Bandel branch line.^[1][2] The line is used by major long distance express services such as the Sealdah Rajdhani Express, Darjeeling Mail, Padatik Express, and Ananya Express amongst many others, originating from the Sealdah and Kolkata railway stations, to the rest of India. The line is also a part of the Kolkata Suburban Railway and is served by 46 Daily and 40 Sunday EMU services running between Sealdah and Dankuni and 2 EMU services between Sealdah and Baruipara.^[4][5] These suburban services are provided by 9-car EMU rakes from the Narkeldanga EMU Carshed.^[6]

The line also acts as an important link for freight commodities coming in and out of the Kolkata Port connecting it with the rest of the country. The A.C.C.L branch line was primarily built and used for diverting freight trains of the South Eastern Railway from the Howrah–Kharagpur line towards Chitpur and Kolkata docks.^[7] With increasing public demand, some long-distance passenger trains were started in this section directly from Sealdah to connect to the Howrah–Kharagpur line, like the Sealdah–Puri Duronto Express.^[8] More recently the line has been used by many long distance passenger trains such as the Kaziranga Express, Aronai Express and others from the Howrah–Kharagpur line to completely bypass the congested sections near Howrah while using Dankuni or Bhattanagar stations as commercial stoppages instead.^[9][10][11]

The Howrah-Bardhaman Chord, a shorter link to Bardhaman from Howrah than the Howrah-Bardhaman Main Line, was constructed in 1917. In 1932, the Calcutta Chord Link Line was built over the Willingdon Bridge (now known as Vivekananda Setu) joining Dum Dum with Dankuni and opened for freight traffic, thus forming a direct link from Calcutta (now known as Sealdah railway station) to Dankuni on the Howrah-Bardhaman Chord, thus earning the line its name.^[12][13]

By 1950–51, Santragachi was heavily congested causing delays in arrival for trains bound to Howrah.^[7] Two major reasons identified for the congestion were its railway yard outstripping its capacity and passing of freight trains of the South Eastern Railway from Kharagpur towards Chitpur and Kolkata docks taking the circuitous route via Tikiapara, Liluah, Belanagar and then finally taking the Calcutta Chord link line to Calcutta.^[7]

To resolve the congestion problem, Indian Railways sanctioned the remodeling of the Santragachi railway yard in November 1962 and sanctioned the building of a direct link from Andul on the Howrah–Kharagpur line to the Calcutta Chord link line in the railway budget of 1959–60. This was to reduce the distance between Andul and the Calcutta Chord from 27.5 km (17.1 mi) to 13 km (8.1 mi).^[7]

The work of building the line however progressed slowly due to land acquisition problems and was finally completed in December 1968.^[7] The electrification of the line was started subsequently and was completed by 1971–72.^[14][15]

The ACCL branch line was primarily used by freight trains to bypass the congested sections near Howrah and directly connected the Eastern railway and South Eastern railway zones. However, with increasing public demand, some long-distance passenger trains were started in this section directly from Sealdah like the Sealdah–Puri Duronto Express in 2012.^[8]

The Dum Dum-Dankuni section was electrified in 1964–65. The Andul-Dankuni section was electrified in 1971–72.^[15]

The doubling of the Dankuni-Bhattanagar section of the ACCL line was sanctioned on 2013.^[16] The track doubling of the Andul–Baltikuri section was completed & commissioned on 25 January 2020.^[17] With the completion of the track doubling of Baltikuri–Bhattanagar section in October 2021, the entire ACCL branch line was doubled. This removed a critical bottleneck affecting interchange of trains between Eastern Railway and South Eastern Railway.^[18]