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==History==
==History==
An offshoot of [[death-doom]], the genre was mostly inspired by the work of [[Autopsy (band)|Autopsy]], [[Winter (American band)|Winter]], [[Cathedral (band)|Cathedral]] and early [[Paradise Lost (band)|Paradise Lost]]. Funeral doom truly came into being in the mid-1990s, especially Finland.<ref name="H2006A44">Hinchliffe 2006a, p. 44.</ref><ref name="WW-D">{{cite web|url=http://www.wewither.com/2011/07/extreme-doom-part-ii-matt-skarajew-of.html|title=EXTREME DOOM PART II: Matt Skarajew of Disembowelment/Dusk|last=Bickle|first=Travis|date=27 July 2011|publisher=We Wither|accessdate=2020-03-28}}</ref><ref name="QueensofSteel">{{cite web|url=http://www.queensofsteel.com/2006/11/esoteric-eng|title=ESOTERIC (Eng.)|last=Fernández|first=Sergio|date=14 November 2006|publisher=Queens of Steel|accessdate=2020-03-29}}</ref><ref name="NH">{{cite web|url=https://nihilistic-webzine-distro.fr/Interviews/evoken.htm|title=EVOKEN Interview - Funeral doom from the pits of darkness|author= Silenius & Gam|date=19 December 2004|publisher=NIHILISTIC HOLOCAUST - Underground Death metal webzine!|accessdate=2020-03-29}}</ref><ref name="Bandcamp">{{cite web|url=https://daily.bandcamp.com/lists/a-guide-to-the-glorious-miserable-world-of-funeral-doom|title=A Guide To The Glorious, Miserable World Of Funeral Doom|last=Lawrence|first=Dan|date=31 October 2018|publisher=Bandcamp Daily|accessdate=2020-03-27}}</ref><ref name="WW-T">{{cite web|url=http://www.wewither.com/2011/07/extreme-doom-part-iii-niko-skorpio-of.html|title=EXTREME DOOM PART III: Niko Skorpio of Thergothon|last=Bickle|first=Travis|date=29 July 2011|publisher=We Wither|accessdate=2020-03-28}}</ref><ref name="Funeral">{{cite web|url=http://www.metalstorm.net/pub/interview.php?interview_id=145|title=Funeral interview (11/2005)|author= KwonVerge|date=7 November 2005|publisher=[[Metal Storm (webzine)|Metal Storm]]|accessdate=2020-03-29}}</ref> [[Thergothon]] is frequently pointed out as the progenitor of the genre, alongside [[Skepticism (band)|Skepticism]] and [[Unholy (band)|Unholy]].<ref name="H2006A44"></ref><ref name="Bandcamp"></ref><ref name="T200655">Tracey 2006, p. 55.</ref><ref name="H2006B54">Hinchliffe 2006b, p. 54.</ref><ref name="Decibel5">{{cite web|url=https://www.decibelmagazine.com/2012/12/31/top-5-funeral-doom-songs|title=Top 5 Funeral Doom Songs|last=Dick|first=Chris|date=31 December 2012|publisher=[[Decibel (magazine)|Decibel Magazine]]|accessdate=2020-03-27}}</ref><ref name="ME-T">{{cite web|url=https://metalinjection.net/av/funeral-doom-friday/funeral-doom-friday-celebrating-25-years-of-funeral-doom-with-thergothons-fhtagn-nagh-yog-psothoth|title=Funeral Doom Friday: Celebrating 25 Years of Funeral Doom with THERGOTHON's ''Fhtagn-nagh Yog-Psothoth''|last=Davis|first=Cody|date=4 November 2016|publisher=Metal Injection|accessdate=2020-03-28}}</ref><ref>Minton, Kelly & Selby 2009, p. 56.</ref><ref name="Band2">{{cite web|url=https://daily.bandcamp.com/lists/doom-metal-a-brief-timeline|title=Doom Metal: A Brief Timeline|last=Wiederhorn |first=Jon|date=2 February 2017|publisher=Bandcamp Daily|accessdate=2020-04-09}}</ref> Outside [[Scandinavia]], the lines between death-doom and funeral doom pioneers were less clear cut. [[Disembowelment (band)|diSEMBOWELMENT]], from Australia, [[Birmingham]]-based [[Esoteric (band)|Esoteric]], and American act [[Evoken]] are examples.<ref name="H2006A44"></ref><ref name="WW-D"></ref><ref name="WW-E">{{cite web|url=http://www.wewither.com/2011/07/extreme-doom-part-i-john-paradiso-of.html|title=EXTREME DOOM PART I: John Paradiso of Evoken|last=Bickle|first=Travis|date=25 July 2011|publisher=We Wither|accessdate=2020-03-28}}</ref><ref name="ME-DE">{{cite web|url=https://metalinjection.net/av/funeral-doom-friday/disembowelments-genre-defining-classic-transcendence-into-the-peripheral|title=Funeral Doom Friday: DISEMBOWELMENT's Genre-Defining Classic, ''Transcendence Into the Peripheral''|last=Davis|first=Cody|date=3 November 2017|publisher=Metal Injection|accessdate=2020-04-09}}</ref><ref name="Kelly">{{cite news | url = http://www.brooklynvegan.com/archives/2012/04/an_interview_wi_66.html#more|title =An Interview with Inverloch (Mems Disembowelment), Who Are Welcoming ''Dusk...Subside'' EP|last =Kelly|first =Kim |work =Brooklyn Vegan|publisher = |date = 3 April 2012|accessdate = 26 September 2012}}</ref><ref name="ME-Ep">{{cite web|url=https://metalinjection.net/av/funeral-doom-friday/esoteric-and-their-brilliant-debut-epistemological-despondency|title=Funeral Doom Friday: ESOTERIC and Their Brilliant Debut, ''Epistemological Despondency''|last=Davis|first=Cody|date=29 April 2018|publisher=Metal Injection|accessdate=2020-03-28}}</ref>
An offshoot of [[death-doom]], the genre was mostly inspired by the work of [[Autopsy (band)|Autopsy]], [[Winter (metal band)|Winter]], [[Cathedral (band)|Cathedral]] and early [[Paradise Lost (band)|Paradise Lost]]. Funeral doom truly came into being in the mid-1990s, especially Finland.<ref name="H2006A44">Hinchliffe 2006a, p. 44.</ref><ref name="WW-D">{{cite web|url=http://www.wewither.com/2011/07/extreme-doom-part-ii-matt-skarajew-of.html|title=EXTREME DOOM PART II: Matt Skarajew of Disembowelment/Dusk|last=Bickle|first=Travis|date=27 July 2011|publisher=We Wither|accessdate=2020-03-28}}</ref><ref name="QueensofSteel">{{cite web|url=http://www.queensofsteel.com/2006/11/esoteric-eng|title=ESOTERIC (Eng.)|last=Fernández|first=Sergio|date=14 November 2006|publisher=Queens of Steel|accessdate=2020-03-29}}</ref><ref name="NH">{{cite web|url=https://nihilistic-webzine-distro.fr/Interviews/evoken.htm|title=EVOKEN Interview - Funeral doom from the pits of darkness|author= Silenius & Gam|date=19 December 2004|publisher=NIHILISTIC HOLOCAUST - Underground Death metal webzine!|accessdate=2020-03-29}}</ref><ref name="Bandcamp">{{cite web|url=https://daily.bandcamp.com/lists/a-guide-to-the-glorious-miserable-world-of-funeral-doom|title=A Guide To The Glorious, Miserable World Of Funeral Doom|last=Lawrence|first=Dan|date=31 October 2018|publisher=Bandcamp Daily|accessdate=2020-03-27}}</ref><ref name="WW-T">{{cite web|url=http://www.wewither.com/2011/07/extreme-doom-part-iii-niko-skorpio-of.html|title=EXTREME DOOM PART III: Niko Skorpio of Thergothon|last=Bickle|first=Travis|date=29 July 2011|publisher=We Wither|accessdate=2020-03-28}}</ref><ref name="Funeral">{{cite web|url=http://www.metalstorm.net/pub/interview.php?interview_id=145|title=Funeral interview (11/2005)|author= KwonVerge|date=7 November 2005|publisher=[[Metal Storm (webzine)|Metal Storm]]|accessdate=2020-03-29}}</ref> [[Thergothon]] is frequently pointed out as the progenitor of the genre, alongside [[Skepticism (band)|Skepticism]] and [[Unholy (band)|Unholy]].<ref name="H2006A44"></ref><ref name="Bandcamp"></ref><ref name="T200655">Tracey 2006, p. 55.</ref><ref name="H2006B54">Hinchliffe 2006b, p. 54.</ref><ref name="Decibel5">{{cite web|url=https://www.decibelmagazine.com/2012/12/31/top-5-funeral-doom-songs|title=Top 5 Funeral Doom Songs|last=Dick|first=Chris|date=31 December 2012|publisher=[[Decibel (magazine)|Decibel Magazine]]|accessdate=2020-03-27}}</ref><ref name="ME-T">{{cite web|url=https://metalinjection.net/av/funeral-doom-friday/funeral-doom-friday-celebrating-25-years-of-funeral-doom-with-thergothons-fhtagn-nagh-yog-psothoth|title=Funeral Doom Friday: Celebrating 25 Years of Funeral Doom with THERGOTHON's ''Fhtagn-nagh Yog-Psothoth''|last=Davis|first=Cody|date=4 November 2016|publisher=Metal Injection|accessdate=2020-03-28}}</ref><ref>Minton, Kelly & Selby 2009, p. 56.</ref><ref name="Band2">{{cite web|url=https://daily.bandcamp.com/lists/doom-metal-a-brief-timeline|title=Doom Metal: A Brief Timeline|last=Wiederhorn |first=Jon|date=2 February 2017|publisher=Bandcamp Daily|accessdate=2020-04-09}}</ref> Outside [[Scandinavia]], the lines between death-doom and funeral doom pioneers were less clear cut. [[Disembowelment (band)|diSEMBOWELMENT]], from Australia, [[Birmingham]]-based [[Esoteric (band)|Esoteric]], and American act [[Evoken]] are examples.<ref name="H2006A44"></ref><ref name="WW-D"></ref><ref name="WW-E">{{cite web|url=http://www.wewither.com/2011/07/extreme-doom-part-i-john-paradiso-of.html|title=EXTREME DOOM PART I: John Paradiso of Evoken|last=Bickle|first=Travis|date=25 July 2011|publisher=We Wither|accessdate=2020-03-28}}</ref><ref name="ME-DE">{{cite web|url=https://metalinjection.net/av/funeral-doom-friday/disembowelments-genre-defining-classic-transcendence-into-the-peripheral|title=Funeral Doom Friday: DISEMBOWELMENT's Genre-Defining Classic, ''Transcendence Into the Peripheral''|last=Davis|first=Cody|date=3 November 2017|publisher=Metal Injection|accessdate=2020-04-09}}</ref><ref name="Kelly">{{cite news | url = http://www.brooklynvegan.com/archives/2012/04/an_interview_wi_66.html#more|title =An Interview with Inverloch (Mems Disembowelment), Who Are Welcoming ''Dusk...Subside'' EP|last =Kelly|first =Kim |work =Brooklyn Vegan|publisher = |date = 3 April 2012|accessdate = 26 September 2012}}</ref><ref name="ME-Ep">{{cite web|url=https://metalinjection.net/av/funeral-doom-friday/esoteric-and-their-brilliant-debut-epistemological-despondency|title=Funeral Doom Friday: ESOTERIC and Their Brilliant Debut, ''Epistemological Despondency''|last=Davis|first=Cody|date=29 April 2018|publisher=Metal Injection|accessdate=2020-03-28}}</ref>


With the turn of the millenium came releases of newer bands, such as [[Shape of Despair]], [[Mournful Congregation]], the "Nautik Doom" group [[Ahab (band)|Ahab]] and one-man-projects [[Nortt]] and Doom:VS.<ref name="T200655"></ref><ref name="Bloodaxe">{{cite web |archive-url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20121126213400/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/122322/20121127-0834/www.voltagemedia.com.au/news/2011/07/27/mournful-congregation-unspoken-hymns.html |url=http://www.voltagemedia.com.au/news/2011/07/27/mournful-congregation-unspoken-hymns.html |title=Mournful Congregation – ''The Unspoken Hymns'' |last=Bloodaxe |first=Mathias |work=VoltageMedia |archive-date=26 November 2012 |date=27 July 2011 |access-date=24 August 2017}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name="ME-A">{{cite web|url=https://metalinjection.net/av/funeral-doom-friday/ahab-call-wretched-sea|title=Funeral Doom Friday: Remembering AHAB's ''The Call of the Wretched Sea''|last=Davis|first=Cody|date=29 June 2018|publisher=Metal Injection|accessdate=2020-04-03}}</ref> Funeral doom scenes cropped up over the world, such as the one in Russia.<ref name="ViceR">{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/rpqkz6/a-light-hearted-chat-with-siberian-funeral-band-station-dysthymia|title=A Light-Hearted Chat with Siberian Funeral Band Station Dysthymia|last=Kelly|first=Kim|date=13 September 2013|publisher=[[Vice Media|Vice]]|accessdate=2020-04-06}}</ref> The Solitude Productions label, for example, became a major force in shaping it's future.<ref name="DM-SP">{{cite web|url=https://www.doom-metal.com/interviews.php?entry=1263|title=Interview with Solitude Productions|last=Doom-metal.com|first=|date=16 July 2015|publisher=Doom-metal.com|accessdate=2020-03-28}}</ref> Like no metal subgenre before it, the [[internet boom]] greatly helped funeral doom reach new fans.<ref name="T200655"></ref> By the 2010s, funeral doom reached into metal's mainstream.<ref name="Kerrang!">{{cite web|url=https://www.kerrang.com/the-news/exclusive-premiere-evoken-stream-their-new-album-hypnagogia|title=EXCLUSIVE PREMIERE: EVOKEN STREAM THEIR NEW ALBUM, HYPNAGOGIA|last=Goldsmith|first=Zachary|date=8 November 2018|publisher=[[Kerrang!]]|accessdate=2020-04-16}}</ref>
With the turn of the millenium came releases of newer bands, such as [[Shape of Despair]], [[Mournful Congregation]], the "Nautik Doom" group [[Ahab (band)|Ahab]] and one-man-projects [[Nortt]] and Doom:VS.<ref name="T200655"></ref><ref name="Bloodaxe">{{cite web |archive-url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20121126213400/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/122322/20121127-0834/www.voltagemedia.com.au/news/2011/07/27/mournful-congregation-unspoken-hymns.html |url=http://www.voltagemedia.com.au/news/2011/07/27/mournful-congregation-unspoken-hymns.html |title=Mournful Congregation – ''The Unspoken Hymns'' |last=Bloodaxe |first=Mathias |work=VoltageMedia |archive-date=26 November 2012 |date=27 July 2011 |access-date=24 August 2017}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name="ME-A">{{cite web|url=https://metalinjection.net/av/funeral-doom-friday/ahab-call-wretched-sea|title=Funeral Doom Friday: Remembering AHAB's ''The Call of the Wretched Sea''|last=Davis|first=Cody|date=29 June 2018|publisher=Metal Injection|accessdate=2020-04-03}}</ref> Funeral doom scenes cropped up over the world, such as the one in Russia.<ref name="ViceR">{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/rpqkz6/a-light-hearted-chat-with-siberian-funeral-band-station-dysthymia|title=A Light-Hearted Chat with Siberian Funeral Band Station Dysthymia|last=Kelly|first=Kim|date=13 September 2013|publisher=[[Vice Media|Vice]]|accessdate=2020-04-06}}</ref> The Solitude Productions label, for example, became a major force in shaping it's future.<ref name="DM-SP">{{cite web|url=https://www.doom-metal.com/interviews.php?entry=1263|title=Interview with Solitude Productions|last=Doom-metal.com|first=|date=16 July 2015|publisher=Doom-metal.com|accessdate=2020-03-28}}</ref> Like no metal subgenre before it, the [[internet boom]] greatly helped funeral doom reach new fans.<ref name="T200655"></ref> By the 2010s, funeral doom reached into metal's mainstream.<ref name="Kerrang!">{{cite web|url=https://www.kerrang.com/the-news/exclusive-premiere-evoken-stream-their-new-album-hypnagogia|title=EXCLUSIVE PREMIERE: EVOKEN STREAM THEIR NEW ALBUM, HYPNAGOGIA|last=Goldsmith|first=Zachary|date=8 November 2018|publisher=[[Kerrang!]]|accessdate=2020-04-16}}</ref>
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Revision as of 01:44, 16 August 2024

Funeral doom
Stylistic origins
Cultural originsMid-1990s, Finland
Typical instruments
Regional scenes
Other topics

Funeral doom is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music that crosses death-doom with dirge music.[1] Low-tuned guitars, death growls, instruments that emulate Pipe organ sounds and ponderous pace are typical traits of this style.

History

An offshoot of death-doom, the genre was mostly inspired by the work of Autopsy, Winter, Cathedral and early Paradise Lost. Funeral doom truly came into being in the mid-1990s, especially Finland.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Thergothon is frequently pointed out as the progenitor of the genre, alongside Skepticism and Unholy.[2][6][9][10][11][12][13][14] Outside Scandinavia, the lines between death-doom and funeral doom pioneers were less clear cut. diSEMBOWELMENT, from Australia, Birmingham-based Esoteric, and American act Evoken are examples.[2][3][15][16][17][18]

With the turn of the millenium came releases of newer bands, such as Shape of Despair, Mournful Congregation, the "Nautik Doom" group Ahab and one-man-projects Nortt and Doom:VS.[9][19][20] Funeral doom scenes cropped up over the world, such as the one in Russia.[21] The Solitude Productions label, for example, became a major force in shaping it's future.[22] Like no metal subgenre before it, the internet boom greatly helped funeral doom reach new fans.[9] By the 2010s, funeral doom reached into metal's mainstream.[23]

Another sign of funeral doom's increasing status was Peaceville's move to buy the rights of Avantgarde Music's back catalogue.[24] Responsible for launching the careers of Autopsy, Paradise Lost, My Dying Bride and Anathema, Peaceville was the major player in shaping what became known as death-doom.[25] This now meant that Peaceville had a significant stake in funeral doom's history: it owned all of Thergothon's and Unholy's discography, along with two Evoken albums.[26][27][28][29][30][31][32]

Although it has a substantial following, funeral doom has also it's share of criticism. Chronicles of Chaos co-editor Pedro Azevedo argued that, to the average listener, funeral doom might sound "boring and repetitive".[33] Ciarán Tracey, in an article for Terrorizer, acknowledged that the increasing popularity of funeral doom also meant that it now had it's "share of hangers-on and can act as a repository for pseudo-literary teen poetry and artless abstraction, so a certain critical scrutiny has become necessary."[9]

Musical style

Coc's Azevedo described funeral doom's core sound as a mix of "downtuned guitars, ponderous drumming, church organs and cavernous death vox" done at an "extremely slow" pace. Though it kept death metal's low-tuning and death growls, funeral doom eschewed most it's complex song structures and rapid tempo changes in a favor of a minimalist approach and slower tempos. Depending on the band, it keeps some genre-specific characteristics of death-doom, such as violins and female vocals.[33] Some background elements, such as church bells, keyboards or synthesizers, are many a time part of funeral doom's overall sound, adding a "dreamlike" quality to what is often described as a heavy and burdensome atmosphere.[34]

Funeral doom's name has two distinct genealogies. One source claimed it was a namesake of Norway's death-doom outfit Funeral.[35] It might have come, too, from Skepticism's pipe organ-like keyboard timbre, which reminded listeners of funeral music.[36] Keyboardist Eero Pöyry said that "I position myself as a church organ player in a metal band".[37] Furthermore, Pöyry explained that, at the time,

Many bands were either using [keyboards] as background, almost like an effect, and others were using it like a second solo guitar, using keyboard solos and all that. Neither of those felt like ours. I kind of thought what a keyboard player in a metal band like this should be like. It should be like the organist in a church. In that lineup, the organ became much like what the second guitar would have been. The way to position it in the sound was church organ-like. Thinking through all the things you should do and not do… I started taking it in the organist direction instead of soloist direction [...]. It’s pretty much a church organ setup in a metal band as well.[37]

Themes

Thematically, funeral doom avoided the "Peaceville Three"'s gothic sensibilities in favor of a more nihilistic world view, evoking a sense of emptiness and despair. Thanatology topics such as grief, loss and suicide are central to the style.[14][33][34][38] Apart from that, thematic content varies widely. Thergothon's lyrics were inspired by H. P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos.[7] Ahab notoriously wrote whole concept albums based on Herman Melville's classic Moby Dick.[20] In turn, Esoteric experimented with a variety of psychotropic substances - LSD, magic mushrooms and cannabis - to explore the obscure recesses of the unconscious mind. Their dark take on psychedelia inspires music and words that resemble a soundtrack to a "bad trip".[39]

References

  1. ^ Davis, Cody. "Funeral Doom Friday: FUNERAL MOURNING's Blackened, Deadly Inertia of Dissonance (A Sermon in Finality)". Metal Injection. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
  2. ^ a b c Hinchliffe 2006a, p. 44.
  3. ^ a b Bickle, Travis (27 July 2011). "EXTREME DOOM PART II: Matt Skarajew of Disembowelment/Dusk". We Wither. Retrieved 2020-03-28.
  4. ^ Fernández, Sergio (14 November 2006). "ESOTERIC (Eng.)". Queens of Steel. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
  5. ^ Silenius & Gam (19 December 2004). "EVOKEN Interview - Funeral doom from the pits of darkness". NIHILISTIC HOLOCAUST - Underground Death metal webzine!. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
  6. ^ a b Lawrence, Dan (31 October 2018). "A Guide To The Glorious, Miserable World Of Funeral Doom". Bandcamp Daily. Retrieved 2020-03-27.
  7. ^ a b Bickle, Travis (29 July 2011). "EXTREME DOOM PART III: Niko Skorpio of Thergothon". We Wither. Retrieved 2020-03-28.
  8. ^ KwonVerge (7 November 2005). "Funeral interview (11/2005)". Metal Storm. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
  9. ^ a b c d Tracey 2006, p. 55.
  10. ^ Hinchliffe 2006b, p. 54.
  11. ^ Dick, Chris (31 December 2012). "Top 5 Funeral Doom Songs". Decibel Magazine. Retrieved 2020-03-27.
  12. ^ Davis, Cody (4 November 2016). "Funeral Doom Friday: Celebrating 25 Years of Funeral Doom with THERGOTHON's Fhtagn-nagh Yog-Psothoth". Metal Injection. Retrieved 2020-03-28.
  13. ^ Minton, Kelly & Selby 2009, p. 56.
  14. ^ a b Wiederhorn, Jon (2 February 2017). "Doom Metal: A Brief Timeline". Bandcamp Daily. Retrieved 2020-04-09.
  15. ^ Bickle, Travis (25 July 2011). "EXTREME DOOM PART I: John Paradiso of Evoken". We Wither. Retrieved 2020-03-28.
  16. ^ Davis, Cody (3 November 2017). "Funeral Doom Friday: DISEMBOWELMENT's Genre-Defining Classic, Transcendence Into the Peripheral". Metal Injection. Retrieved 2020-04-09.
  17. ^ Kelly, Kim (3 April 2012). "An Interview with Inverloch (Mems Disembowelment), Who Are Welcoming Dusk...Subside EP". Brooklyn Vegan. Retrieved 26 September 2012.
  18. ^ Davis, Cody (29 April 2018). "Funeral Doom Friday: ESOTERIC and Their Brilliant Debut, Epistemological Despondency". Metal Injection. Retrieved 2020-03-28.
  19. ^ Bloodaxe, Mathias (27 July 2011). "Mournful Congregation – The Unspoken Hymns". VoltageMedia. Archived from the original on 26 November 2012. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
  20. ^ a b Davis, Cody (29 June 2018). "Funeral Doom Friday: Remembering AHAB's The Call of the Wretched Sea". Metal Injection. Retrieved 2020-04-03.
  21. ^ Kelly, Kim (13 September 2013). "A Light-Hearted Chat with Siberian Funeral Band Station Dysthymia". Vice. Retrieved 2020-04-06.
  22. ^ Doom-metal.com (16 July 2015). "Interview with Solitude Productions". Doom-metal.com. Retrieved 2020-03-28.
  23. ^ Goldsmith, Zachary (8 November 2018). "EXCLUSIVE PREMIERE: EVOKEN STREAM THEIR NEW ALBUM, HYPNAGOGIA". Kerrang!. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  24. ^ "Mission". Avantgarde Music. Retrieved 2020-04-06.
  25. ^ Evdokimov, Aleks (9 July 2018). "Interview with Peaceville Records (Label)". Doom-metal.com. Retrieved 2020-04-06.
  26. ^ "Thergothon – Stream From The Heavens (2009, CD)". Discogs. Retrieved 2020-04-05.
  27. ^ "Unholy – From The Shadows (2011, CD)". Discogs. Retrieved 2020-04-05.
  28. ^ "Unholy – The Second Ring Of Power (2011, CD)". Discogs. Retrieved 2020-04-05.
  29. ^ "Unholy – Rapture (2011, CD)". Discogs. Retrieved 2020-04-05.
  30. ^ "Unholy – Gracefallen (2011, CD)". Discogs. Retrieved 2020-04-05.
  31. ^ "Evoken – Quietus (2011, CD)". Discogs. Retrieved 2020-04-05.
  32. ^ "Evoken – Antithesis Of Light (2011, CD)". Discogs. Retrieved 2020-04-05.
  33. ^ a b c Azevedo, Pedro (19 November 2004). "Doom Metal: The Gentle Art of Making Misery". Chronicles of Chaos. Retrieved 2020-03-27.
  34. ^ a b Ebner 2010, p. 28.
  35. ^ Evdokimov, Aleks (22 April 2018). "Interview with Funeral". Doom-metal.com. Retrieved 2020-03-28.
  36. ^ Kannisto, Janne (29 April 2018). "The March: Skepticism Documentary (2018)". Retrieved 1 April 2020 – via YouTube.
  37. ^ a b Rosenthal, Jon (9 October 2018). "The March and the Stream: Skepticism Revisits The Re-Mixed "Stormcrowfleet"". Invisible Oranges. Retrieved 2020-04-04.
  38. ^ Dick, Chris (23 July 2012). "The Myth of the Peaceville Three". Decibel. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  39. ^ Göransson, Niklas (3 March 2017). "Esoteric interview". Bardo Methodology. Retrieved 2020-03-28.

Bibliography

  • Ebner, Arne (25 July 2010). Ästhetik des Doom (PDF) (Bachelor) (in German). Macromedia University of Applied Sciences for Media and Communication – Cologne. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016.
  • 'Harry' Hinchliffe, James (2006). "Funeral Doom/Drone Doom: Hearse Play". Terrorizer. 143. London: 44–45.
  • 'Harry' Hinchliffe, James (2006). "Thergothon - 'Stream from the Heavens' (1993)". Terrorizer. 144. London: 54.
  • Minton, James; Kelly, Kim; Selby, Jenn (2009). "Filth Parade". Terrorizer. 188. London: 56.
  • Tracey, Ciarán (2006). "Doom/Death: United In Grief". Terrorizer. 142. London: 54–55.
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